Double HandedClub Certificate2025
THE USUAL SUSPECTSG6525
Australian Sailing Ltd
Locked Bag 806
Milsons Point
NSW 1565
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles42.3°42.3°40.5°39.2°38.5°38.3°38.4°38.9°40.8°
Beat VMG2.473.424.154.584.754.844.884.884.69
52°3.815.166.116.606.796.886.936.976.89
60°4.055.426.336.806.997.097.157.207.14
75°4.225.606.486.957.227.387.497.627.65
90°4.075.496.466.947.287.557.778.068.21
110°4.045.526.597.157.537.787.998.248.73
120°3.885.356.457.087.537.958.328.819.03
135°3.394.785.946.757.267.728.199.3610.70
150°2.774.025.166.136.837.307.748.7310.17
Run VMG2.403.484.475.326.056.637.087.898.89
Gybe Angles145.3°145.3°149.6°152.8°159.2°166.6°172.3°171.8°160.9°
APH ToD:575.9CDL: 8.384APH ToT: 1.0419CertNo:3280
BOAT
ClassSydney 32 ODDesignerMurray/Burns/DovelBuilderSydney YachtsAge date01/2005Series date01/2005Offset fileSYD32.OFFData file3280
HULL
Length Overall9.695 mMaximum Beam3.102 mDraft2.091 mDisplacement3,784 kgDLR5.2525IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.180%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 2 bladesDiameter0.415m
CREW
Maximum weight170 kg(default)Minimum weight120 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail30.9731.62Headsail Luffed24.0824.08Headsail FlyingSymmetric68.6068.60Asymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail9.16Storm Jib7.51Heavy Weather Jib20.26
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
COMMENTS
FFM-1.256 FAM-0.978 Disp - 3781kg
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
THE USUAL SUSPECTSG6525
Australian Sailing Ltd
Locked Bag 806
Milsons Point
NSW 1565
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1458.91053.4866.9785.7757.2744.0737.3737.2767.8
52°944.3697.6589.0545.5530.5523.5519.3516.3522.2
60°888.8664.6568.5529.7514.7508.0503.6499.7503.9
75°852.2643.4555.6518.0498.9487.6481.0472.5470.5
90°884.0655.9557.4518.6494.7476.6463.2446.8438.3
110°891.8652.3546.1503.3477.9462.5450.7436.7412.4
120°927.2673.2558.2508.6478.1452.8432.9408.8398.8
135°1060.6752.9606.5533.2495.8466.4439.4384.8336.6
150°1297.4895.8698.1587.7526.9493.1465.0412.4354.1
Run VMG1498.71034.3806.1676.6594.8543.0508.4456.1405.1
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1477.71043.9836.5731.2676.0643.5622.9596.6586.5
All purpose1117.8805.1659.9591.6556.9535.9520.9499.8487.8
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward705.70.8502
All purpose575.91.0419
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low732.50.8191
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium571.81.0493
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.71.1612
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low940.10.6382
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium699.60.8576
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High618.20.9706
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance625.20.9597
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low732.50.8191
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium571.81.0493
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.71.1612
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low940.10.6382
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium699.60.8576
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High618.20.9706
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1571.11042.9788.3662.6593.8555.6524.9477.0466.0
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.7392
Downwind "popa"0.9092
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.7831
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.8505
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low732.50.8191
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium571.81.0493
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.71.1612
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low940.10.6382
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium699.60.8576
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High618.20.9706
Predominantly Upwind624.40.9609
Predominantly Downwind580.51.0335
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low732.50.8191
Triple Number AP Medium571.81.0492
Triple Number AP High516.71.1612
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low983.50.6101
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium699.60.8576
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High618.20.9706
Single Number Predominant Upwind650.00.9230
Single Number Predominant Reaching573.01.0472
Single Number Predominant Downwind606.70.9889
Predominant Upwind - Low881.50.6807
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med677.20.8860
Predominant Upwind - Medium606.30.9896
Predominant Upwind - Med/High573.01.0472
Predominant Upwind - High559.81.0717
Predominant Downwind Low892.00.6726
Predominant Downwind Low/Med657.50.9125
Predominant Downwind Medium560.81.0699
Predominant Downwind Med/High499.71.2006
Predominant Downwind High460.81.3021
Predominant Reaching Low791.60.7580
Predominant Reaching Low/Med606.20.9897
Predominant Reaching Medium536.41.1186
Predominant Reaching Med/High493.81.2151
Predominant Reaching High467.51.2835
SA/DSPL Upwind22.58SA/DSPL Downwind40.83
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1100.80.5451
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med806.20.7442
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium688.60.8713
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High626.40.9579
5-Band Windward/Leeward High599.41.0010
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1102.20.5443
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med814.90.7363
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium704.30.8519
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High649.10.9243
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High628.00.9554
5-Band AP Low812.60.7384
5-Band AP Low/Med642.00.9346
5-Band AP Medium564.71.0626
5-Band AP Med/High522.91.1475
5-Band AP High501.31.1968
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low946.00.6343
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med771.40.7778
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium666.80.8999
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High612.40.9797
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High587.61.0211
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8980
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9278
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9529
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6806
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6857
Harvest Moon Regatta498.11.2045
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance625.20.9597
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low732.50.8191
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium571.81.0493
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.71.1612
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low940.10.6382
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium699.60.8576
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High618.20.9706
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1571.11042.9788.3662.6593.8555.6524.9477.0466.0
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance625.20.9597
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low732.50.8191
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium571.81.0493
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.71.1612
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low940.10.6382
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium699.60.8576
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High618.20.9706
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1571.11042.9788.3662.6593.8555.6524.9477.0466.0
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance625.2
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1571.11042.9788.3662.6593.8555.6524.9477.0466.0
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low732.50.8191
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium571.81.0493
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.71.1612
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low940.10.6382
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium699.60.8576
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High618.20.9706
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating625.20.9597
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1083.00.9233
FinRating, kova tuuli505.10.9899
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low732.50.8191
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium571.81.0493
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.71.1612
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low940.10.6382
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium699.60.8576
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High618.20.9706
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.9597
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8191
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0493
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1612
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6382
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8576
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9706
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1571.11042.9788.3662.6593.8555.6524.9477.0466.0
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)644.8
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance625.20.9597
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low732.50.8191
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium571.81.0493
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.71.1612
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low940.10.6382
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium699.60.8576
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High618.20.9706
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1571.11042.9788.3662.6593.8555.6524.9477.0466.0
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low732.50.8191
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium571.81.0493
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.71.1612
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low940.10.6382
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium699.60.8576
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High618.20.9706
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance625.20.9597
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low732.50.8191
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium571.81.0493
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.71.1612
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low940.10.6382
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium699.60.8576
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High618.20.9706
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1571.11042.9788.3662.6593.8555.6524.9477.0466.0
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance625.20.9597
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low732.50.8191
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium571.81.0493
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.71.1612
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low940.10.6382
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium699.60.8576
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High618.20.9706
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1571.11042.9788.3662.6593.8555.6524.9477.0466.0
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low732.5
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium571.8
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.7
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low940.1
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium699.6
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High618.2
Predominantly Upwind624.4
Predominantly Downwind580.5
Predominantly Reaching558.8
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance625.20.9597
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low732.50.8191
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium571.81.0493
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.71.1612
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low940.10.6382
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium699.60.8576
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High618.20.9706
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1571.11042.9788.3662.6593.8555.6524.9477.0466.0
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8191
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0493
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1612
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6382
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8576
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9706
Coastal/Long Distance0.9597
Predominantly Upwind0.9609
Predominantly Downwind1.0335
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)644.8
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.0419
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.8191
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.0493
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.1612
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6382
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.8576
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind0.9706
Motvind Singeltall0.9609
Medvind Singeltall1.0335
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low732.50.8191
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium571.81.0493
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.71.1612
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low940.10.6382
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium699.60.8576
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High618.20.9706
Coastal/Long Distance625.20.9597
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind624.40.9609
Predominantly Downwind580.51.0335
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore589.51.0178
Cape Doctor Coastal491.41.2210
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low732.50.8191
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium571.81.0493
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.71.1612
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low940.10.6382
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium699.60.8576
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High618.20.9706
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8191
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0493
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1612
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6382
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8576
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9706
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8191
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0493
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1612
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6382
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8576
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9706
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance625.20.9597
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low732.50.8191
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium571.81.0493
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.71.1612
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low940.10.6382
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium699.60.8576
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High618.20.9706
Predominantly Upwind624.40.9609
Predominantly Downwind580.51.0335
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1571.11042.9788.3662.6593.8555.6524.9477.0466.0
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance625.20.9597
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low732.50.8191
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium571.81.0493
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.71.1612
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low940.10.6382
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium699.60.8576
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High618.20.9706
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1571.11042.9788.3662.6593.8555.6524.9477.0466.0
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low732.50.8191
Triple Number AP Medium571.81.0492
Triple Number AP High516.71.1612
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low983.50.6101
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium699.60.8576
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High618.20.9706
Single Number Predominant Upwind650.00.9230
Single Number Predominant Reaching573.01.0472
Single Number Predominant Downwind606.70.9889
Predominant Upwind - Low881.50.6807
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med677.20.8860
Predominant Upwind - Medium606.30.9896
Predominant Upwind - Med/High573.01.0472
Predominant Upwind - High559.81.0717
Predominant Downwind Low892.00.6726
Predominant Downwind Low/Med657.50.9125
Predominant Downwind Medium560.81.0699
Predominant Downwind Med/High499.71.2006
Predominant Downwind High460.81.3021
Predominant Reaching Low791.60.7580
Predominant Reaching Low/Med606.20.9897
Predominant Reaching Medium536.41.1186
Predominant Reaching Med/High493.81.2151
Predominant Reaching High467.51.2835
SA/DSPL Upwind22.58SA/DSPL Downwind40.83
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1100.80.5451
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med806.20.7442
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium688.60.8713
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High626.40.9579
5-Band Windward/Leeward High599.41.0010
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1102.20.5443
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med814.90.7363
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium704.30.8519
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High649.10.9243
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High628.00.9554
5-Band AP Low812.60.7384
5-Band AP Low/Med642.00.9346
5-Band AP Medium564.71.0626
5-Band AP Med/High522.91.1475
5-Band AP High501.31.1968
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low946.00.6343
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med771.40.7778
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium666.80.8999
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High612.40.9797
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High587.61.0211
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8980
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9278
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9529
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6806
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6857
Harvest Moon Regatta498.11.2045
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
THE USUAL SUSPECTSG6525
Australian Sailing Ltd
Locked Bag 806
Milsons Point
NSW 1565
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassSydney 32 ODMeasurement20/07/2024HINPlan reviewHull constructionCoredCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA9.695Max. Beam3.102Draft2.091Displacement3,784Wetted area20.46IMS L8.992LSM08.963Acc. length9.695Sink (kg/mm) 15.48
VCGD0.339VCGM-0.066RM Rated (kg·m) 88.0Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight170Declared crew weightN/A
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 2 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.415PBW0.108PIPA0.0031
EDL1.130ST10.040ST20.180
ST30.180ST40.113ST50.235
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders2Rotating mastNo
P12.000IG12.250ISP12.400MDT10.110MDL10.165MDT2MDL2TLTaperMWGO
E4.360J3.720BAS1.565FSDFoilSFJ-0.010SPL3.845WPLTPSBD0.132MWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM estimatedFlotation Date08/07/2015
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
THE USUAL SUSPECTSG6525
Australian Sailing Ltd
Locked Bag 806
Milsons Point
NSW 1565
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment10.140.871.632.813.6430.97
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment10.070.521.001.992.993.8912.14YesNo 24.08
SYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLAreaMeas.DateComment112.2912.2912.296.676.8168.60S112.2712.2712.276.556.8067.4801/09/2005
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length9.7 mTable area0.44 m²Headroom1.68 mMinimum number of berths4Personal gear stowage0.16 m³Fresh water capacity74 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit4Food stowage0.24 m³Fuel capacity44 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.