Double HandedClub Certificate2025
COSMIC WINDSUI 353
Swiss Rating Office ABC
Bruno Frank
Haldengässli 76
8706 Feldmeilen
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles42.4°42.4°40.1°39.3°39.1°39.1°39.3°40.0°42.5°
Beat VMG2.823.734.314.534.624.674.704.674.44
52°4.375.636.316.546.646.706.756.786.67
60°4.635.916.546.766.856.916.977.026.97
75°4.806.096.716.997.137.227.307.417.43
90°4.686.016.727.087.337.527.637.827.95
110°4.055.506.537.067.437.778.078.578.81
120°3.825.276.356.967.397.798.209.1310.12
135°3.244.615.776.597.107.537.989.1011.19
150°2.653.854.965.886.536.967.328.089.06
Run VMG2.303.344.305.095.656.306.807.568.40
Gybe Angles142.6°142.6°146.9°148.0°149.5°172.1°174.5°174.7°173.5°
APH ToD:586.4CDL: 7.952APH ToT: 1.0232CertNo:SUI353
BOAT
ClassX-99DesignerNIELS JEPPESENBuilderX-YachtsAge date01/1986Series date04/1985Offset filex99.OD.offData fileSUI353DH_NS
HULL
Length Overall9.960 mMaximum Beam2.990 mDraft1.799 mDisplacement3,142 kgDLR5.5222IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.080%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 2 bladesDiameter0.356m
CREW
Maximum weight170 kg(declared)Minimum weight120 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail32.8433.46Headsail Luffed29.8729.87Headsail Flying29.8729.87SymmetricAsymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail9.85Storm Jib6.42Heavy Weather Jib17.32
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5
✱ One set on the forestay
Spinnakers0
✱ No spinnaker pole aboard
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
COMMENTS
ohne Spi
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
COSMIC WINDSUI 353
Swiss Rating Office ABC
Bruno Frank
Haldengässli 76
8706 Feldmeilen
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1278.6964.1835.5795.0779.3770.9765.5770.4811.5
52°824.3638.9570.6550.5542.3537.4533.5531.3540.0
60°777.2609.3550.8532.9525.2520.8516.8513.2516.7
75°749.3590.9536.4515.1504.7498.3493.5486.1484.8
90°770.0599.3535.6508.2491.0479.0471.5460.3452.9
110°888.8654.1551.2510.0484.2463.4446.4420.3408.4
120°941.5683.3566.6517.1487.5462.2439.1394.4355.9
135°1110.2781.3624.0546.2507.3478.1451.1395.7321.8
150°1358.4934.1725.9612.4551.5517.0491.6445.4397.3
Run VMG1566.51078.6838.2707.2636.8571.3529.3475.9428.5
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1418.71021.4836.9751.1708.0671.1647.4623.2620.0
All purpose1058.3779.6655.5600.8572.7552.0536.8515.7505.2
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward727.50.8247
All purpose586.41.0232
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low717.60.8361
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High532.71.1264
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.10.6458
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.90.8288
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High644.30.9313
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance639.00.9389
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low717.60.8361
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High532.71.1264
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.10.6458
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.90.8288
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High644.30.9313
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1527.61027.1788.4677.1613.0573.6541.7488.1472.4
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.7393
Downwind "popa"0.8683
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.7738
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.8251
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low717.60.8361
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High532.71.1264
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.10.6458
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.90.8288
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High644.30.9313
Predominantly Upwind631.00.9509
Predominantly Downwind595.31.0079
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low717.60.8361
Triple Number AP Medium583.81.0277
Triple Number AP High532.71.1264
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low969.90.6186
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.90.8288
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High644.30.9313
Single Number Predominant Upwind650.80.9219
Single Number Predominant Reaching574.41.0446
Single Number Predominant Downwind620.20.9674
Predominant Upwind - Low826.40.7261
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med669.20.8966
Predominant Upwind - Medium618.20.9706
Predominant Upwind - Med/High591.11.0151
Predominant Upwind - High580.31.0340
Predominant Downwind Low893.40.6716
Predominant Downwind Low/Med668.60.8974
Predominant Downwind Medium577.81.0385
Predominant Downwind Med/High516.21.1625
Predominant Downwind High476.01.2605
Predominant Reaching Low761.00.7884
Predominant Reaching Low/Med602.50.9959
Predominant Reaching Medium543.91.1032
Predominant Reaching Med/High506.41.1847
Predominant Reaching High481.31.2466
SA/DSPL Upwind29.12SA/DSPL Downwind29.12
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1075.50.5579
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med814.80.7364
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium714.50.8398
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High652.40.9196
5-Band Windward/Leeward High626.80.9572
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1062.50.5647
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med818.20.7333
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium728.40.8238
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High675.70.8880
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High656.80.9136
5-Band AP Low791.60.7579
5-Band AP Low/Med642.30.9342
5-Band AP Medium577.71.0385
5-Band AP Med/High538.81.1135
5-Band AP High517.51.1594
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low924.90.6487
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med776.40.7728
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium688.60.8714
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High636.80.9423
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High613.50.9779
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9007
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9211
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9331
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6935
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7013
Harvest Moon Regatta506.71.1841
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance639.00.9389
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low717.60.8361
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High532.71.1264
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.10.6458
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.90.8288
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High644.30.9313
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1527.61027.1788.4677.1613.0573.6541.7488.1472.4
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance639.00.9389
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low717.60.8361
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High532.71.1264
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.10.6458
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.90.8288
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High644.30.9313
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1527.61027.1788.4677.1613.0573.6541.7488.1472.4
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance639.0
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1527.61027.1788.4677.1613.0573.6541.7488.1472.4
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low717.60.8361
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High532.71.1264
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.10.6458
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.90.8288
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High644.30.9313
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating639.00.9389
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1055.40.9476
FinRating, kova tuuli520.30.9611
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low717.60.8361
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High532.71.1264
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.10.6458
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.90.8288
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High644.30.9313
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.9389
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8361
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0278
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1264
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6458
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8288
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9313
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1527.61027.1788.4677.1613.0573.6541.7488.1472.4
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)650.0
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance639.00.9389
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low717.60.8361
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High532.71.1264
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.10.6458
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.90.8288
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High644.30.9313
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1527.61027.1788.4677.1613.0573.6541.7488.1472.4
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low717.60.8361
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High532.71.1264
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.10.6458
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.90.8288
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High644.30.9313
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance639.00.9389
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low717.60.8361
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High532.71.1264
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.10.6458
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.90.8288
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High644.30.9313
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1527.61027.1788.4677.1613.0573.6541.7488.1472.4
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance639.00.9389
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low717.60.8361
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High532.71.1264
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.10.6458
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.90.8288
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High644.30.9313
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1527.61027.1788.4677.1613.0573.6541.7488.1472.4
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low717.6
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium583.8
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High532.7
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.1
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.9
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High644.3
Predominantly Upwind631.0
Predominantly Downwind595.3
Predominantly Reaching566.6
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance639.00.9389
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low717.60.8361
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High532.71.1264
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.10.6458
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.90.8288
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High644.30.9313
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1527.61027.1788.4677.1613.0573.6541.7488.1472.4
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8361
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0278
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1264
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6458
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8288
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9313
Coastal/Long Distance0.9389
Predominantly Upwind0.9509
Predominantly Downwind1.0079
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)650.0
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.0232
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.8361
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.0278
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.1264
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6458
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.8288
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind0.9313
Motvind Singeltall0.9509
Medvind Singeltall1.0079
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low717.60.8361
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High532.71.1264
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.10.6458
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.90.8288
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High644.30.9313
Coastal/Long Distance639.00.9389
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind631.00.9509
Predominantly Downwind595.31.0079
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore620.90.9663
Cape Doctor Coastal508.41.1803
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low717.60.8361
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High532.71.1264
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.10.6458
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.90.8288
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High644.30.9313
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8361
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0278
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1264
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6458
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8288
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9313
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8361
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0278
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1264
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6458
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8288
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9313
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance639.00.9389
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low717.60.8361
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High532.71.1264
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.10.6458
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.90.8288
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High644.30.9313
Predominantly Upwind631.00.9509
Predominantly Downwind595.31.0079
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1527.61027.1788.4677.1613.0573.6541.7488.1472.4
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance639.00.9389
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low717.60.8361
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High532.71.1264
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.10.6458
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.90.8288
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High644.30.9313
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1527.61027.1788.4677.1613.0573.6541.7488.1472.4
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low717.60.8361
Triple Number AP Medium583.81.0277
Triple Number AP High532.71.1264
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low969.90.6186
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.90.8288
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High644.30.9313
Single Number Predominant Upwind650.80.9219
Single Number Predominant Reaching574.41.0446
Single Number Predominant Downwind620.20.9674
Predominant Upwind - Low826.40.7261
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med669.20.8966
Predominant Upwind - Medium618.20.9706
Predominant Upwind - Med/High591.11.0151
Predominant Upwind - High580.31.0340
Predominant Downwind Low893.40.6716
Predominant Downwind Low/Med668.60.8974
Predominant Downwind Medium577.81.0385
Predominant Downwind Med/High516.21.1625
Predominant Downwind High476.01.2605
Predominant Reaching Low761.00.7884
Predominant Reaching Low/Med602.50.9959
Predominant Reaching Medium543.91.1032
Predominant Reaching Med/High506.41.1847
Predominant Reaching High481.31.2466
SA/DSPL Upwind29.12SA/DSPL Downwind29.12
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1075.50.5579
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med814.80.7364
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium714.50.8398
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High652.40.9196
5-Band Windward/Leeward High626.80.9572
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1062.50.5647
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med818.20.7333
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium728.40.8238
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High675.70.8880
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High656.80.9136
5-Band AP Low791.60.7579
5-Band AP Low/Med642.30.9342
5-Band AP Medium577.71.0385
5-Band AP Med/High538.81.1135
5-Band AP High517.51.1594
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low924.90.6487
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med776.40.7728
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium688.60.8714
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High636.80.9423
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High613.50.9779
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9007
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9211
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9331
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6935
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7013
Harvest Moon Regatta506.71.1841
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
COSMIC WINDSUI 353
Swiss Rating Office ABC
Bruno Frank
Haldengässli 76
8706 Feldmeilen
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassX-99Measurement07/02/1997HINPlan reviewHull constructionCoredCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA9.960Max. Beam2.990Draft1.799Displacement3,142Wetted area18.88IMS L8.561LSM08.285Acc. length9.717Sink (kg/mm) 14.10
VCGD-0.018VCGM0.021RM Rated (kg·m) 62.2Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight170Declared crew weight170
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 2 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.356PBW0.090PIPA0.0034
EDL1.075ST10.065ST20.180
ST30.180ST40.110ST50.256
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerYesMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays1CheckstaysSpreaders2Rotating mastNo
P12.500IG11.325ISP11.920MDT10.090MDL10.136MDT20.060MDL20.080TL2.100MW0.136GO0.136
E4.500J3.435BAS1.660FSD0.000SFJ0.000SPLWPLTPS4.540BD0.140MWT77.60MCG3.950
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS111.4003.500
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodVCG entered directlyVCG entered-0.018Flotation Date29/07/2015
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
COSMIC WINDSUI 353
Swiss Rating Office ABC
Bruno Frank
Haldengässli 76
8706 Feldmeilen
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateCommentM10.160.921.652.803.7232.84* Copied from legacy *
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateCommentFH0.102.595.1711.40YesYes129.87G10.102.595.1711.40NoNo 29.87* Copied from legacy *
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length9.7 mTable area0.44 m²Headroom1.68 mMinimum number of berths4Personal gear stowage0.16 m³Fresh water capacity74 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit4Food stowage0.24 m³Fuel capacity44 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.