Double HandedClub Certificate2025
ALEXAITA-12815
FEDERAZIONE ITALIANA VELA
Distr.:UVAI  www.uvai.it
Tel. + 39068841273
E-mail  segreteria@uvai.it
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles42.7°42.7°41.1°40.1°39.3°38.9°39.3°39.7°41.3°
Beat VMG2.703.674.404.865.085.195.255.275.16
52°4.165.566.517.047.307.427.497.537.48
60°4.415.846.767.257.507.647.717.777.77
75°4.596.036.927.407.697.888.018.158.23
90°4.475.926.857.407.737.988.188.508.68
110°3.935.296.297.087.577.918.218.739.05
120°3.524.906.036.897.447.828.148.749.35
135°2.994.285.426.357.067.547.898.519.14
150°2.463.614.675.526.286.917.367.998.59
Run VMG2.133.134.054.835.636.366.967.778.37
Gybe Angles144.4°144.4°146.0°170.8°172.3°173.7°175.7°177.5°177.7°
APH ToD:567.7CDL: 9.606APH ToT: 1.0570CertNo:23/3
BOAT
ClassX-412 MK2DesignerJeppesenBuilderX-YachtsAge date06/1995Series date06/1993Offset fileIX412MK2.OFFData fileI12815
HULL
Length Overall12.520 mMaximum Beam3.900 mDraft2.110 mDisplacement7,914 kgDLR7.8210IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.200%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 3 bladesDiameter0.430m
CREW
Maximum weight170 kg(declared)Minimum weight120 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail43.3544.36Headsail Luffed47.1347.13Headsail FlyingSymmetricAsymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail12.40Storm Jib13.94Heavy Weather Jib37.63
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5
✱ One set on the forestay
Spinnakers0
✱ No spinnaker pole aboard
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
ALEXAITA-12815
FEDERAZIONE ITALIANA VELA
Distr.:UVAI  www.uvai.it
Tel. + 39068841273
E-mail  segreteria@uvai.it
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1335.3980.2818.6741.4708.6693.1685.4683.3697.9
52°865.7647.5552.9511.2493.0485.1480.7477.9481.0
60°816.7616.9532.9496.6479.8471.5467.0463.1463.6
75°784.1597.3520.5486.2468.4456.9449.3441.7437.4
90°804.8608.3525.2486.8465.7451.2439.8423.7414.8
110°916.2680.9572.4508.2475.6455.0438.6412.2397.7
120°1023.1734.9597.3522.4483.6460.4442.4412.0385.1
135°1203.7840.8664.2567.1509.9477.6456.4423.0393.9
150°1465.9997.1770.4652.2572.9521.0489.1450.4419.3
Run VMG1689.11151.3889.6745.1639.0566.4517.0463.4430.0
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1508.61065.8854.1743.3673.8629.7601.2573.4564.0
All purpose1122.8810.4664.2589.6546.8520.8503.9484.1474.2
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward704.20.8520
All purpose567.71.0570
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low737.30.8138
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium564.31.0632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High500.71.1983
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low959.80.6251
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium700.90.8560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High597.91.0035
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance621.40.9656
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low737.30.8138
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium564.31.0632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High500.71.1983
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low959.80.6251
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium700.90.8560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High597.91.0035
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1634.41074.3804.6668.0585.4541.7510.0463.2449.9
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.7909
Downwind "popa"0.8448
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.8063
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.8278
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low737.30.8138
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium564.31.0632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High500.71.1983
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low959.80.6251
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium700.90.8560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High597.91.0035
Predominantly Upwind599.31.0012
Predominantly Downwind593.21.0115
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low737.30.8138
Triple Number AP Medium564.41.0630
Triple Number AP High500.71.1983
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1004.10.5976
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium700.90.8560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High597.91.0035
Single Number Predominant Upwind622.30.9642
Single Number Predominant Reaching563.91.0640
Single Number Predominant Downwind623.20.9627
Predominant Upwind - Low850.50.7054
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med654.50.9167
Predominant Upwind - Medium579.81.0348
Predominant Upwind - Med/High542.91.1051
Predominant Upwind - High530.11.1318
Predominant Downwind Low944.60.6352
Predominant Downwind Low/Med685.10.8758
Predominant Downwind Medium570.11.0524
Predominant Downwind Med/High498.81.2029
Predominant Downwind High464.81.2908
Predominant Reaching Low792.40.7572
Predominant Reaching Low/Med602.00.9967
Predominant Reaching Medium524.41.1442
Predominant Reaching Med/High480.11.2498
Predominant Reaching High458.61.3084
SA/DSPL Upwind22.63SA/DSPL Downwind22.63
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1124.40.5336
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med819.60.7321
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium687.00.8734
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High607.50.9877
5-Band Windward/Leeward High576.61.0406
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1105.30.5429
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med815.40.7358
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium693.30.8654
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High623.60.9621
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High598.51.0025
5-Band AP Low826.40.7260
5-Band AP Low/Med642.10.9344
5-Band AP Medium555.81.0796
5-Band AP Med/High507.01.1834
5-Band AP High485.81.2350
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low959.60.6253
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med778.60.7706
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium661.10.9076
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High594.41.0095
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High568.61.0552
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9353
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9346
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9229
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6753
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6839
Harvest Moon Regatta493.51.2159
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance621.40.9656
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low737.30.8138
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium564.31.0632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High500.71.1983
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low959.80.6251
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium700.90.8560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High597.91.0035
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1634.41074.3804.6668.0585.4541.7510.0463.2449.9
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance621.40.9656
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low737.30.8138
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium564.31.0632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High500.71.1983
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low959.80.6251
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium700.90.8560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High597.91.0035
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1634.41074.3804.6668.0585.4541.7510.0463.2449.9
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance621.4
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1634.41074.3804.6668.0585.4541.7510.0463.2449.9
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low737.30.8138
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium564.31.0632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High500.71.1983
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low959.80.6251
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium700.90.8560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High597.91.0035
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating612.20.9801
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1107.00.9033
FinRating, kova tuuli490.01.0205
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low737.30.8138
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium564.31.0632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High500.71.1983
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low959.80.6251
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium700.90.8560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High597.91.0035
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.9656
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8138
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1983
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6251
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0035
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1634.41074.3804.6668.0585.4541.7510.0463.2449.9
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)638.8
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance621.40.9656
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low737.30.8138
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium564.31.0632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High500.71.1983
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low959.80.6251
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium700.90.8560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High597.91.0035
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1634.41074.3804.6668.0585.4541.7510.0463.2449.9
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low737.30.8138
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium564.31.0632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High500.71.1983
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low959.80.6251
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium700.90.8560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High597.91.0035
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance621.40.9656
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low737.30.8138
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium564.31.0632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High500.71.1983
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low959.80.6251
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium700.90.8560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High597.91.0035
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1634.41074.3804.6668.0585.4541.7510.0463.2449.9
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance621.40.9656
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low737.30.8138
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium564.31.0632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High500.71.1983
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low959.80.6251
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium700.90.8560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High597.91.0035
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1634.41074.3804.6668.0585.4541.7510.0463.2449.9
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low737.3
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium564.3
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High500.7
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low959.8
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium700.9
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High597.9
Predominantly Upwind599.3
Predominantly Downwind593.2
Predominantly Reaching557.7
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance621.40.9656
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low737.30.8138
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium564.31.0632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High500.71.1983
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low959.80.6251
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium700.90.8560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High597.91.0035
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1634.41074.3804.6668.0585.4541.7510.0463.2449.9
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8138
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1983
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6251
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0035
Coastal/Long Distance0.9656
Predominantly Upwind1.0012
Predominantly Downwind1.0115
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)638.8
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.0570
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.8138
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.0632
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.1983
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6251
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.8560
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind1.0035
Motvind Singeltall1.0012
Medvind Singeltall1.0115
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low737.30.8138
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium564.31.0632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High500.71.1983
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low959.80.6251
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium700.90.8560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High597.91.0035
Coastal/Long Distance621.40.9656
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind599.31.0012
Predominantly Downwind593.21.0115
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore566.81.0586
Cape Doctor Coastal477.21.2573
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low737.30.8138
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium564.31.0632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High500.71.1983
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low959.80.6251
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium700.90.8560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High597.91.0035
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8138
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1983
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6251
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0035
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8138
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1983
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6251
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0035
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance621.40.9656
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low737.30.8138
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium564.31.0632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High500.71.1983
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low959.80.6251
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium700.90.8560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High597.91.0035
Predominantly Upwind599.31.0012
Predominantly Downwind593.21.0115
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1634.41074.3804.6668.0585.4541.7510.0463.2449.9
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance621.40.9656
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low737.30.8138
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium564.31.0632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High500.71.1983
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low959.80.6251
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium700.90.8560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High597.91.0035
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1634.41074.3804.6668.0585.4541.7510.0463.2449.9
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low737.30.8138
Triple Number AP Medium564.41.0630
Triple Number AP High500.71.1983
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1004.10.5976
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium700.90.8560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High597.91.0035
Single Number Predominant Upwind622.30.9642
Single Number Predominant Reaching563.91.0640
Single Number Predominant Downwind623.20.9627
Predominant Upwind - Low850.50.7054
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med654.50.9167
Predominant Upwind - Medium579.81.0348
Predominant Upwind - Med/High542.91.1051
Predominant Upwind - High530.11.1318
Predominant Downwind Low944.60.6352
Predominant Downwind Low/Med685.10.8758
Predominant Downwind Medium570.11.0524
Predominant Downwind Med/High498.81.2029
Predominant Downwind High464.81.2908
Predominant Reaching Low792.40.7572
Predominant Reaching Low/Med602.00.9967
Predominant Reaching Medium524.41.1442
Predominant Reaching Med/High480.11.2498
Predominant Reaching High458.61.3084
SA/DSPL Upwind22.63SA/DSPL Downwind22.63
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1124.40.5336
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med819.60.7321
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium687.00.8734
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High607.50.9877
5-Band Windward/Leeward High576.61.0406
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1105.30.5429
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med815.40.7358
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium693.30.8654
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High623.60.9621
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High598.51.0025
5-Band AP Low826.40.7260
5-Band AP Low/Med642.10.9344
5-Band AP Medium555.81.0796
5-Band AP Med/High507.01.1834
5-Band AP High485.81.2350
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low959.60.6253
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med778.60.7706
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium661.10.9076
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High594.41.0095
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High568.61.0552
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9353
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9346
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9229
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6753
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6839
Harvest Moon Regatta493.51.2159
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
ALEXAITA-12815
FEDERAZIONE ITALIANA VELA
Distr.:UVAI  www.uvai.it
Tel. + 39068841273
E-mail  segreteria@uvai.it
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassX-412 MK2Measurement25/04/1998HINPlan reviewHull constructionCoredCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA12.520Max. Beam3.900Draft2.110Displacement7,914Wetted area30.39IMS L10.331LSM010.039Acc. length12.520Sink (kg/mm) 22.06
VCGD-0.150VCGM-0.106RM Rated (kg·m) 191.6Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight170Declared crew weight170
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 3 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.430PBW0.109PIPA0.0034
EDL2.840ST10.048ST20.170
ST30.170ST40.099ST50.320
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerYesMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays1Checkstays0Spreaders3Rotating mastNo
P14.450IG16.490ISP16.550MDT10.118MDL10.216MDT20.118MDL20.182TL1.560MW0.170GO0.230
E4.900J4.880BAS1.840FSD0.032SFJSPLWPLTPSBD0.190MWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodVCG entered directlyVCG entered-0.150Flotation Date21/04/2023
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
ALEXAITA-12815
FEDERAZIONE ITALIANA VELA
Distr.:UVAI  www.uvai.it
Tel. + 39068841273
E-mail  segreteria@uvai.it
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateCommentA0.1343.35
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateCommentA5.9215.64NoNo 47.1321/04/2023
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length12.5 mTable area0.55 m²Headroom1.83 mMinimum number of berths5Personal gear stowage0.20 m³Fresh water capacity162 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit5Food stowage0.30 m³Fuel capacity100 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.