Double HandedClub Certificate2025
GoshawkJPN 6958
JAPAN SAILING FEDERATION
4-2, Kasumigaokacho,
Shinjuku, Tokyo
Japan
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles43.0°43.0°41.0°39.6°38.9°38.7°38.6°38.6°39.8°
Beat VMG2.984.104.955.475.725.865.956.045.94
52°4.646.247.357.988.278.428.528.638.62
60°4.946.587.678.278.568.718.818.928.93
75°5.186.847.908.518.849.059.189.369.44
90°5.076.737.828.508.929.229.469.8210.04
110°5.006.808.108.839.219.499.7410.1710.48
120°4.856.668.028.819.339.7710.0910.6411.15
135°4.336.057.458.429.039.5510.1011.3012.42
150°3.575.076.377.498.368.949.4110.3811.58
Run VMG3.104.395.526.487.267.818.259.0610.03
Gybe Angles141.8°141.8°145.3°148.9°151.9°154.2°158.1°158.3°146.8°
APH ToD:473.2CDL: 12.586APH ToT: 1.2679CertNo:250440
BOAT
ClassSwan48DesignerGerman FreasBuilderNautorAge date02/2020Series date11/2019Offset fileSWAN-48-DK.offData fileJC250440
HULL
Length Overall14.767 mMaximum Beam4.564 mDraft3.010 mDisplacement14,500 kgDLR5.2755IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.170%Age Allowance0.195%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 3 bladesDiameter0.508m
CREW
Maximum weight170 kg(default)Minimum weight120 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerYesCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail79.0080.43Headsail Luffed61.8361.83Headsail FlyingSymmetricAsymmetric216.38216.38 (All asymmetric spinnakers with SHW/SFL > 85%)
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail22.99Storm Jib21.64Heavy Weather Jib58.41
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails7
✱ One set on the forestay
Spinnakers5
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
GoshawkJPN 6958
JAPAN SAILING FEDERATION
4-2, Kasumigaokacho,
Shinjuku, Tokyo
Japan
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1207.0878.0727.3658.5629.5613.9604.6595.8606.2
52°776.1577.1489.8451.4435.5427.3422.4417.0417.5
60°728.5547.2469.6435.3420.3413.3408.9403.8403.0
75°694.7526.6455.9423.2407.2397.8392.2384.4381.2
90°709.6535.3460.4423.6403.8390.5380.5366.6358.6
110°720.4529.6444.4407.6390.7379.3369.5353.9343.4
120°742.3540.4448.9408.6385.8368.3356.9338.2322.9
135°831.7595.1483.5427.7398.8376.8356.5318.6289.8
150°1007.0709.9564.8480.8430.4402.8382.7347.0310.8
Run VMG1163.0819.7652.1555.2495.7461.1436.5397.1358.9
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1184.6848.9689.7606.9562.6537.5520.5496.5482.5
All purpose899.5654.9542.1486.4458.0441.0428.6410.4399.5
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward585.91.0240
All purpose473.21.2679
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low598.51.0025
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium470.21.2760
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High424.91.4122
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low769.30.7799
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium581.71.0315
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High515.71.1634
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance514.81.1655
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low598.51.0025
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium470.21.2760
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High424.91.4122
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low769.30.7799
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium581.71.0315
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High515.71.1634
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1251.9845.9649.0547.4489.0457.1432.2392.8380.8
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.8922
Downwind "popa"1.1002
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.9458
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"1.0283
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low598.51.0025
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium470.21.2760
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High424.91.4122
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low769.30.7799
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium581.71.0315
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High515.71.1634
Predominantly Upwind514.61.1658
Predominantly Downwind475.91.2607
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low598.51.0025
Triple Number AP Medium470.31.2759
Triple Number AP High424.91.4122
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low802.60.7476
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium581.71.0315
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High515.71.1634
Single Number Predominant Upwind534.41.1228
Single Number Predominant Reaching467.61.2831
Single Number Predominant Downwind495.71.2105
Predominant Upwind - Low722.90.8299
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med559.61.0723
Predominant Upwind - Medium499.81.2004
Predominant Upwind - Med/High469.81.2772
Predominant Upwind - High456.01.3159
Predominant Downwind Low713.70.8407
Predominant Downwind Low/Med534.61.1223
Predominant Downwind Medium460.31.3036
Predominant Downwind Med/High414.31.4484
Predominant Downwind High385.11.5582
Predominant Reaching Low640.00.9374
Predominant Reaching Low/Med495.01.2120
Predominant Reaching Medium438.71.3676
Predominant Reaching Med/High404.91.4817
Predominant Reaching High384.31.5613
SA/DSPL Upwind23.48SA/DSPL Downwind49.23
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low893.10.6718
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med665.20.9020
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium572.81.0475
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High522.81.1476
5-Band Windward/Leeward High498.21.2043
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low899.00.6674
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med674.30.8898
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium585.81.0243
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High539.61.1119
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High518.41.1574
5-Band AP Low657.40.9127
5-Band AP Low/Med526.71.1393
5-Band AP Medium464.41.2920
5-Band AP Med/High430.11.3950
5-Band AP High411.71.4575
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low772.50.7767
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med636.00.9434
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium552.21.0865
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High507.21.1829
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High484.61.2381
Chicago-Mac Upwind1.0905
Chicago-Mac All Purpose1.1316
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.1681
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.8381
Bayview-Mac Shore0.8435
Harvest Moon Regatta409.31.4659
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance514.81.1655
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low598.51.0025
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium470.21.2760
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High424.91.4122
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low769.30.7799
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium581.71.0315
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High515.71.1634
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1251.9845.9649.0547.4489.0457.1432.2392.8380.8
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance514.81.1655
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low598.51.0025
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium470.21.2760
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High424.91.4122
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low769.30.7799
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium581.71.0315
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High515.71.1634
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1251.9845.9649.0547.4489.0457.1432.2392.8380.8
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance514.8
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1251.9845.9649.0547.4489.0457.1432.2392.8380.8
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low598.51.0025
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium470.21.2760
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High424.91.4122
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low769.30.7799
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium581.71.0315
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High515.71.1634
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating514.81.1655
FinRating, kevyt tuuli875.91.1417
FinRating, kova tuuli414.41.2065
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low598.51.0025
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium470.21.2760
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High424.91.4122
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low769.30.7799
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium581.71.0315
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High515.71.1634
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance1.1655
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low1.0025
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.2760
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.4122
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7799
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium1.0315
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.1634
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1251.9845.9649.0547.4489.0457.1432.2392.8380.8
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)529.0
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance514.81.1655
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low598.51.0025
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium470.21.2760
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High424.91.4122
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low769.30.7799
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium581.71.0315
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High515.71.1634
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1251.9845.9649.0547.4489.0457.1432.2392.8380.8
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low598.51.0025
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium470.21.2760
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High424.91.4122
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low769.30.7799
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium581.71.0315
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High515.71.1634
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance514.81.1655
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low598.51.0025
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium470.21.2760
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High424.91.4122
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low769.30.7799
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium581.71.0315
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High515.71.1634
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1251.9845.9649.0547.4489.0457.1432.2392.8380.8
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance514.81.1655
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low598.51.0025
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium470.21.2760
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High424.91.4122
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low769.30.7799
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium581.71.0315
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High515.71.1634
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1251.9845.9649.0547.4489.0457.1432.2392.8380.8
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low598.5
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium470.2
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High424.9
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low769.3
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium581.7
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High515.7
Predominantly Upwind514.6
Predominantly Downwind475.9
Predominantly Reaching457.2
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance514.81.1655
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low598.51.0025
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium470.21.2760
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High424.91.4122
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low769.30.7799
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium581.71.0315
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High515.71.1634
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1251.9845.9649.0547.4489.0457.1432.2392.8380.8
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low1.0025
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.2760
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.4122
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7799
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium1.0315
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.1634
Coastal/Long Distance1.1655
Predominantly Upwind1.1658
Predominantly Downwind1.2607
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)529.0
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.2679
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind1.0025
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.2760
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.4122
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.7799
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind1.0315
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind1.1634
Motvind Singeltall1.1658
Medvind Singeltall1.2607
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low598.51.0025
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium470.21.2760
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High424.91.4122
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low769.30.7799
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium581.71.0315
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High515.71.1634
Coastal/Long Distance514.81.1655
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind514.61.1658
Predominantly Downwind475.91.2607
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore486.71.2328
Cape Doctor Coastal402.81.4896
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low598.51.0025
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium470.21.2760
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High424.91.4122
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low769.30.7799
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium581.71.0315
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High515.71.1634
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low1.0025
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.2760
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.4122
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7799
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium1.0315
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.1634
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low1.0025
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.2760
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.4122
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7799
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium1.0315
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.1634
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance514.81.1655
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low598.51.0025
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium470.21.2760
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High424.91.4122
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low769.30.7799
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium581.71.0315
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High515.71.1634
Predominantly Upwind514.61.1658
Predominantly Downwind475.91.2607
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1251.9845.9649.0547.4489.0457.1432.2392.8380.8
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance514.81.1655
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low598.51.0025
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium470.21.2760
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High424.91.4122
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low769.30.7799
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium581.71.0315
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High515.71.1634
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1251.9845.9649.0547.4489.0457.1432.2392.8380.8
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low598.51.0025
Triple Number AP Medium470.31.2759
Triple Number AP High424.91.4122
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low802.60.7476
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium581.71.0315
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High515.71.1634
Single Number Predominant Upwind534.41.1228
Single Number Predominant Reaching467.61.2831
Single Number Predominant Downwind495.71.2105
Predominant Upwind - Low722.90.8299
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med559.61.0723
Predominant Upwind - Medium499.81.2004
Predominant Upwind - Med/High469.81.2772
Predominant Upwind - High456.01.3159
Predominant Downwind Low713.70.8407
Predominant Downwind Low/Med534.61.1223
Predominant Downwind Medium460.31.3036
Predominant Downwind Med/High414.31.4484
Predominant Downwind High385.11.5582
Predominant Reaching Low640.00.9374
Predominant Reaching Low/Med495.01.2120
Predominant Reaching Medium438.71.3676
Predominant Reaching Med/High404.91.4817
Predominant Reaching High384.31.5613
SA/DSPL Upwind23.48SA/DSPL Downwind49.23
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low893.10.6718
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med665.20.9020
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium572.81.0475
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High522.81.1476
5-Band Windward/Leeward High498.21.2043
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low899.00.6674
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med674.30.8898
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium585.81.0243
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High539.61.1119
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High518.41.1574
5-Band AP Low657.40.9127
5-Band AP Low/Med526.71.1393
5-Band AP Medium464.41.2920
5-Band AP Med/High430.11.3950
5-Band AP High411.71.4575
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low772.50.7767
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med636.00.9434
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium552.21.0865
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High507.21.1829
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High484.61.2381
Chicago-Mac Upwind1.0905
Chicago-Mac All Purpose1.1316
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.1681
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.8381
Bayview-Mac Shore0.8435
Harvest Moon Regatta409.31.4659
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
GoshawkJPN 6958
JAPAN SAILING FEDERATION
4-2, Kasumigaokacho,
Shinjuku, Tokyo
Japan
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassSwan48MeasurementHINPlan reviewHull constructionCoredCarbon rudderYesLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA14.767Max. Beam4.564Draft3.010Displacement14,500Wetted area48.40IMS L13.917LSM014.006Acc. length14.767Sink (kg/mm) 37.24
VCGD0.158VCGM0.060RM Rated (kg·m) 434.8Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight170Declared crew weightN/A
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 3 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.508PBWPIPA0.0010
EDLST1ST2
ST3ST4ST5
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialCarbonSingle headsail furlerYesMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders2Rotating mastNo
P19.900IG20.800ISP22.200MDT10.156MDL10.306MDT2MDL2TLTaperMWGO
E6.600J5.660BAS1.950FSDFoilSFJSPLWPLTPS7.340BDMWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM estimatedFlotation Date01/02/2020
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
GoshawkJPN 6958
JAPAN SAILING FEDERATION
4-2, Kasumigaokacho,
Shinjuku, Tokyo
Japan
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateCommentM10.701.622.584.205.4679.00
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateCommentH10.100.881.663.134.535.9020.16YesNo 61.83
ASYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLRatioAreaMeas.DateCommentA123.0520.8421.9511.8711.68102%216.38
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length14.8 mTable area0.66 m²Headroom1.90 mMinimum number of berths6Personal gear stowage0.24 m³Fresh water capacity264 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit6Food stowage0.36 m³Fuel capacity146 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.