Club Certificate2025
Hooligan IICAN 52919
Portsmouth Olympic Harbour
53 Yonge Street
Kingston, Ontario
Canada K7M 6G4
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles43.0°43.0°41.0°39.1°37.8°37.1°37.1°36.9°37.9°
Beat VMG2.773.834.685.245.505.635.715.805.74
52°4.335.856.907.477.717.837.918.008.01
60°4.646.167.147.657.908.038.128.238.25
75°4.866.377.297.788.098.308.458.648.75
90°4.626.257.357.818.128.428.689.059.30
110°4.776.437.568.148.558.839.089.5510.00
120°4.636.307.498.118.609.059.4510.1210.83
135°4.025.677.007.788.318.839.3810.8412.87
150°3.374.775.987.027.758.218.649.6111.83
Run VMG2.924.135.186.086.757.197.578.3310.25
Gybe Angles142.4°142.4°146.2°149.4°153.0°156.4°159.7°153.7°142.3°
APH ToD:505.8CDL: 10.747APH ToT: 1.1861CertNo:ON2512
BOAT
ClassJ 122DesignerRod JohnstoneBuilderJ BoatsAge dateSeries date12/2006Offset fileJ122 VER.offData fileCAN52919-Hooligan
HULL
Length Overall12.190 mMaximum Beam3.638 mDraft2.226 mDisplacement7,143 kgDLR5.6970IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.060%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 2 bladesDiameter0.410m
CREW
Maximum weight766 kg(default)Minimum weight636 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail50.3351.32Headsail Luffed42.9642.96Headsail FlyingSymmetricAsymmetric157.23157.23 (All asymmetric spinnakers with SHW/SFL > 85%)
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail14.68Storm Jib15.09Heavy Weather Jib40.73
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails6Spinnakers5
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
Hooligan IICAN 52919
Portsmouth Olympic Harbour
53 Yonge Street
Kingston, Ontario
Canada K7M 6G4
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1301.1938.9769.6687.6654.8639.2630.0620.8626.9
52°830.8615.9521.6482.1466.6459.7455.3450.2449.4
60°775.8584.7504.2470.6455.6448.2443.5437.4436.5
75°740.6564.9493.5462.8445.3433.6426.1416.5411.6
90°778.6576.2489.9461.2443.5427.7414.9397.6387.0
110°755.4560.2475.9442.4421.2407.9396.5376.9359.9
120°777.9571.2480.4443.9418.6397.7381.1355.9332.5
135°895.2635.1514.5462.5433.2407.8384.0332.2279.6
150°1068.4755.2601.8512.9464.8438.7416.5374.4304.2
Run VMG1234.4872.1694.9592.2533.4501.0475.3432.0351.3
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1267.5905.5732.3639.9594.1570.1552.6526.4489.1
All purpose962.3698.8577.4519.6490.2472.4458.8436.9413.3
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward620.30.9673
All purpose505.81.1861
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low638.10.9403
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium502.81.1933
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High454.01.3217
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low818.90.7327
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium614.90.9758
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High547.11.0966
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance549.01.0929
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low638.10.9403
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium502.81.1933
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High454.01.3217
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low818.90.7327
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium614.90.9758
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High547.11.0966
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1339.8902.2689.6580.9521.6489.7463.1420.6397.9
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.8501
Downwind "popa"1.0241
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.8957
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.9649
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low638.10.9403
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium502.81.1933
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High454.01.3217
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low818.90.7327
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium614.90.9758
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High547.11.0966
Predominantly Upwind547.21.0964
Predominantly Downwind510.61.1750
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low638.10.9403
Triple Number AP Medium502.81.1932
Triple Number AP High454.01.3217
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low854.50.7021
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium614.90.9758
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High547.11.0966
Single Number Predominant Upwind569.01.0545
Single Number Predominant Reaching502.81.1932
Single Number Predominant Downwind531.31.1293
Predominant Upwind - Low773.50.7757
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med595.11.0083
Predominant Upwind - Medium531.71.1285
Predominant Upwind - Med/High500.21.1996
Predominant Upwind - High483.21.2417
Predominant Downwind Low762.50.7869
Predominant Downwind Low/Med571.41.0501
Predominant Downwind Medium495.11.2118
Predominant Downwind Med/High446.31.3444
Predominant Downwind High408.41.4693
Predominant Reaching Low686.30.8743
Predominant Reaching Low/Med530.31.1315
Predominant Reaching Medium473.21.2680
Predominant Reaching Med/High436.51.3746
Predominant Reaching High409.61.4649
SA/DSPL Upwind24.99SA/DSPL Downwind55.60
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low952.70.6298
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med704.80.8513
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium605.70.9905
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High554.61.0818
5-Band Windward/Leeward High524.51.1440
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low959.60.6252
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med713.60.8408
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium617.60.9715
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High570.11.0524
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High544.31.1024
5-Band AP Low701.30.8555
5-Band AP Low/Med562.01.0676
5-Band AP Medium496.71.2080
5-Band AP Med/High460.01.3043
5-Band AP High436.61.3743
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low823.30.7287
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med674.20.8900
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium584.01.0273
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High537.11.1171
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High508.81.1791
Chicago-Mac Upwind1.0250
Chicago-Mac All Purpose1.0596
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.0906
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7847
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7893
Harvest Moon Regatta442.51.3558
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance549.01.0929
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low638.10.9403
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium502.81.1933
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High454.01.3217
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low818.90.7327
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium614.90.9758
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High547.11.0966
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1339.8902.2689.6580.9521.6489.7463.1420.6397.9
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance549.01.0929
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low638.10.9403
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium502.81.1933
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High454.01.3217
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low818.90.7327
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium614.90.9758
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High547.11.0966
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1339.8902.2689.6580.9521.6489.7463.1420.6397.9
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance549.0
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1339.8902.2689.6580.9521.6489.7463.1420.6397.9
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low638.10.9403
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium502.81.1933
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High454.01.3217
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low818.90.7327
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium614.90.9758
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High547.11.0966
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating549.01.0929
FinRating, kevyt tuuli934.81.0698
FinRating, kova tuuli438.21.1410
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low638.10.9403
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium502.81.1933
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High454.01.3217
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low818.90.7327
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium614.90.9758
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High547.11.0966
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance1.0929
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.9403
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1933
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.3217
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7327
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9758
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0966
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1339.8902.2689.6580.9521.6489.7463.1420.6397.9
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)565.2
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance549.01.0929
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low638.10.9403
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium502.81.1933
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High454.01.3217
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low818.90.7327
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium614.90.9758
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High547.11.0966
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1339.8902.2689.6580.9521.6489.7463.1420.6397.9
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low638.10.9403
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium502.81.1933
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High454.01.3217
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low818.90.7327
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium614.90.9758
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High547.11.0966
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance549.01.0929
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low638.10.9403
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium502.81.1933
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High454.01.3217
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low818.90.7327
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium614.90.9758
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High547.11.0966
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1339.8902.2689.6580.9521.6489.7463.1420.6397.9
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance549.01.0929
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low638.10.9403
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium502.81.1933
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High454.01.3217
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low818.90.7327
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium614.90.9758
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High547.11.0966
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1339.8902.2689.6580.9521.6489.7463.1420.6397.9
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low638.1
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium502.8
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High454.0
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low818.9
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium614.9
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High547.1
Predominantly Upwind547.2
Predominantly Downwind510.6
Predominantly Reaching491.4
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance549.01.0929
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low638.10.9403
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium502.81.1933
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High454.01.3217
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low818.90.7327
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium614.90.9758
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High547.11.0966
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1339.8902.2689.6580.9521.6489.7463.1420.6397.9
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.9403
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1933
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.3217
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7327
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9758
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0966
Coastal/Long Distance1.0929
Predominantly Upwind1.0964
Predominantly Downwind1.1750
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)565.2
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.1861
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.9403
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.1933
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.3217
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.7327
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.9758
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind1.0966
Motvind Singeltall1.0964
Medvind Singeltall1.1750
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low638.10.9403
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium502.81.1933
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High454.01.3217
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low818.90.7327
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium614.90.9758
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High547.11.0966
Coastal/Long Distance549.01.0929
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind547.21.0964
Predominantly Downwind510.61.1750
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore500.31.1993
Cape Doctor Coastal420.31.4274
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low638.10.9403
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium502.81.1933
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High454.01.3217
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low818.90.7327
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium614.90.9758
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High547.11.0966
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.9403
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1933
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.3217
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7327
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9758
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0966
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.9403
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1933
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.3217
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7327
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9758
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0966
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance549.01.0929
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low638.10.9403
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium502.81.1933
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High454.01.3217
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low818.90.7327
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium614.90.9758
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High547.11.0966
Predominantly Upwind547.21.0964
Predominantly Downwind510.61.1750
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1339.8902.2689.6580.9521.6489.7463.1420.6397.9
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance549.01.0929
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low638.10.9403
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium502.81.1933
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High454.01.3217
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low818.90.7327
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium614.90.9758
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High547.11.0966
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1339.8902.2689.6580.9521.6489.7463.1420.6397.9
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low638.10.9403
Triple Number AP Medium502.81.1932
Triple Number AP High454.01.3217
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low854.50.7021
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium614.90.9758
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High547.11.0966
Single Number Predominant Upwind569.01.0545
Single Number Predominant Reaching502.81.1932
Single Number Predominant Downwind531.31.1293
Predominant Upwind - Low773.50.7757
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med595.11.0083
Predominant Upwind - Medium531.71.1285
Predominant Upwind - Med/High500.21.1996
Predominant Upwind - High483.21.2417
Predominant Downwind Low762.50.7869
Predominant Downwind Low/Med571.41.0501
Predominant Downwind Medium495.11.2118
Predominant Downwind Med/High446.31.3444
Predominant Downwind High408.41.4693
Predominant Reaching Low686.30.8743
Predominant Reaching Low/Med530.31.1315
Predominant Reaching Medium473.21.2680
Predominant Reaching Med/High436.51.3746
Predominant Reaching High409.61.4649
SA/DSPL Upwind24.99SA/DSPL Downwind55.60
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low952.70.6298
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med704.80.8513
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium605.70.9905
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High554.61.0818
5-Band Windward/Leeward High524.51.1440
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low959.60.6252
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med713.60.8408
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium617.60.9715
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High570.11.0524
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High544.31.1024
5-Band AP Low701.30.8555
5-Band AP Low/Med562.01.0676
5-Band AP Medium496.71.2080
5-Band AP Med/High460.01.3043
5-Band AP High436.61.3743
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low823.30.7287
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med674.20.8900
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium584.01.0273
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High537.11.1171
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High508.81.1791
Chicago-Mac Upwind1.0250
Chicago-Mac All Purpose1.0596
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.0906
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7847
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7893
Harvest Moon Regatta442.51.3558
Club Certificate2025
Hooligan IICAN 52919
Portsmouth Olympic Harbour
53 Yonge Street
Kingston, Ontario
Canada K7M 6G4
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassJ 122Measurement04/05/2022HINPlan reviewHull constructionCoredCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA12.190Max. Beam3.638Draft2.226Displacement7,143Wetted area30.77IMS L11.091LSM010.782Acc. length11.823Sink (kg/mm) 23.06
VCGD-0.099VCGM-0.123RM Rated (kg·m) 191.5Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight766Declared crew weightN/A
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 2 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.410PBW0.110PIPA0.0032
EDL2.400ST10.048ST20.170
ST30.170ST40.098ST50.290
RIG
Forestay tensionFixedInner stayNone FittedMast materialCarbonSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders2Rotating mastNo
P15.650IG17.080ISP17.580MDT10.123MDL10.242MDT20.101MDL20.155TL1.320MW0.155GO0.232
E5.360J4.630BAS1.713FSDFoilSFJ0.300SPLWPLTPS6.460BD0.220MWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM estimatedFlotation Date04/05/2022
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
Hooligan IICAN 52919
Portsmouth Olympic Harbour
53 Yonge Street
Kingston, Ontario
Canada K7M 6G4
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateCommentMN-A1.142.043.4650.33
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateCommentJ1-A0.751.402.603.815.1016.54NoNo 42.96
ASYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLRatioAreaMeas.DateCommentA220.0016.8518.4310.2010.4098%157.23
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length11.8 mTable area0.55 m²Headroom1.80 mMinimum number of berths5Personal gear stowage0.20 m³Fresh water capacity145 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit5Food stowage0.30 m³Fuel capacity86 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.