Club Certificate2025
LarssonNOR 11534
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles43.0°43.0°41.0°39.7°38.9°38.6°38.5°38.6°40.0°
Beat VMG2.613.594.334.754.925.015.055.084.97
52°4.105.476.386.847.017.107.157.207.18
60°4.375.756.607.027.217.307.367.437.42
75°4.555.936.757.177.427.587.687.837.90
90°4.395.806.717.187.497.747.958.228.41
110°4.025.536.657.257.627.938.158.508.75
120°3.875.356.487.177.597.998.358.909.31
135°3.404.785.956.807.337.758.179.0810.33
150°2.804.055.196.166.897.367.758.589.63
Run VMG2.433.514.505.356.086.687.157.888.64
Gybe Angles145.3°145.3°149.6°153.0°158.8°166.0°173.6°176.8°172.7°
APH ToD:562.6CDL: 9.037APH ToT: 1.0664CertNo:9045
BOAT
ClassDEHLER 34 DDDesignerDehlerDesignBuilderDehler SegelyachteAge date01/2005Series date01/2002Offset fileDEH34N.OFFData file9045
HULL
Length Overall10.220 mMaximum Beam3.216 mDraft1.875 mDisplacement4,845 kgDLR5.3683IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.070%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 2 bladesDiameter0.380m
CREW
Maximum weight615 kg(declared)Minimum weight485 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail34.0234.83Headsail Luffed37.4037.40Headsail FlyingSymmetric76.7576.75Asymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail9.86Storm Jib9.57Heavy Weather Jib25.84
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
LarssonNOR 11534
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1376.91001.6831.1758.0731.4719.3712.3708.8724.2
52°878.7658.1563.9526.5513.2507.2503.4499.7501.2
60°824.2626.3545.2512.6499.1493.2489.1484.3484.9
75°792.0607.2533.4502.1485.3475.1469.0459.8455.4
90°821.0620.6536.9501.2480.6464.9452.9437.9428.0
110°894.7650.5541.1496.8472.3453.8441.6423.6411.3
120°931.3673.4555.2502.4474.0450.8431.3404.7386.5
135°1059.8752.6605.5529.1491.1464.5440.4396.6348.5
150°1285.8888.3693.1584.5522.6489.1464.3419.7373.9
Run VMG1484.41025.7800.4672.8591.9538.7503.8456.7416.5
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1429.31013.6815.7715.4661.6629.0608.1582.7570.3
All purpose1077.0780.2643.2578.0544.6524.2509.9489.9476.7
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward689.60.8701
All purpose562.61.0664
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low711.70.8431
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.81.0737
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High506.01.1858
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low914.60.6560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.20.8769
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High603.80.9937
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance611.20.9817
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low711.70.8431
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.81.0737
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High506.01.1858
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low914.60.6560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.20.8769
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High603.80.9937
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1525.01014.9769.1647.9580.6543.8514.5468.3454.9
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.7689
Downwind "popa"0.9150
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.8076
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.8657
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low711.70.8431
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.81.0737
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High506.01.1858
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low914.60.6560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.20.8769
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High603.80.9937
Predominantly Upwind605.70.9905
Predominantly Downwind571.61.0497
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low711.70.8431
Triple Number AP Medium558.91.0735
Triple Number AP High506.01.1858
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low956.20.6275
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.20.8769
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High603.80.9937
Single Number Predominant Upwind628.90.9540
Single Number Predominant Reaching558.91.0735
Single Number Predominant Downwind597.41.0044
Predominant Upwind - Low842.80.7119
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med654.50.9168
Predominant Upwind - Medium588.81.0190
Predominant Upwind - Med/High557.61.0761
Predominant Upwind - High544.11.1028
Predominant Downwind Low874.00.6865
Predominant Downwind Low/Med646.60.9279
Predominant Downwind Medium552.21.0866
Predominant Downwind Med/High493.81.2150
Predominant Downwind High459.01.3073
Predominant Reaching Low763.90.7854
Predominant Reaching Low/Med590.21.0165
Predominant Reaching Medium524.31.1445
Predominant Reaching Med/High485.01.2370
Predominant Reaching High461.31.3007
SA/DSPL Upwind24.81SA/DSPL Downwind38.48
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1068.40.5616
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med786.70.7626
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium673.40.8910
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High611.80.9807
5-Band Windward/Leeward High585.01.0257
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1065.30.5632
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med792.50.7571
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium686.80.8736
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High632.40.9488
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High610.40.9830
5-Band AP Low789.10.7604
5-Band AP Low/Med625.80.9587
5-Band AP Medium552.01.0869
5-Band AP Med/High511.91.1722
5-Band AP High491.11.2218
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low918.70.6531
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med752.10.7978
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium651.40.9210
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High598.51.0025
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High574.01.0453
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9287
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9520
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9685
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7020
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7082
Harvest Moon Regatta489.51.2257
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance611.20.9817
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low711.70.8431
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.81.0737
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High506.01.1858
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low914.60.6560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.20.8769
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High603.80.9937
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1525.01014.9769.1647.9580.6543.8514.5468.3454.9
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance611.20.9817
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low711.70.8431
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.81.0737
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High506.01.1858
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low914.60.6560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.20.8769
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High603.80.9937
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1525.01014.9769.1647.9580.6543.8514.5468.3454.9
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance611.2
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1525.01014.9769.1647.9580.6543.8514.5468.3454.9
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low711.70.8431
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.81.0737
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High506.01.1858
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low914.60.6560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.20.8769
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High603.80.9937
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating604.60.9924
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1050.60.9518
FinRating, kova tuuli494.21.0117
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low711.70.8431
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.81.0737
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High506.01.1858
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low914.60.6560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.20.8769
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High603.80.9937
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.9817
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8431
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0737
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1858
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8769
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9937
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1525.01014.9769.1647.9580.6543.8514.5468.3454.9
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)629.0
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance611.20.9817
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low711.70.8431
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.81.0737
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High506.01.1858
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low914.60.6560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.20.8769
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High603.80.9937
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1525.01014.9769.1647.9580.6543.8514.5468.3454.9
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low711.70.8431
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.81.0737
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High506.01.1858
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low914.60.6560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.20.8769
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High603.80.9937
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance611.20.9817
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low711.70.8431
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.81.0737
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High506.01.1858
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low914.60.6560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.20.8769
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High603.80.9937
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1525.01014.9769.1647.9580.6543.8514.5468.3454.9
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance611.20.9817
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low711.70.8431
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.81.0737
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High506.01.1858
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low914.60.6560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.20.8769
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High603.80.9937
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1525.01014.9769.1647.9580.6543.8514.5468.3454.9
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low711.7
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.8
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High506.0
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low914.6
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.2
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High603.8
Predominantly Upwind605.7
Predominantly Downwind571.6
Predominantly Reaching547.7
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance611.20.9817
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low711.70.8431
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.81.0737
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High506.01.1858
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low914.60.6560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.20.8769
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High603.80.9937
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1525.01014.9769.1647.9580.6543.8514.5468.3454.9
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8431
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0737
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1858
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8769
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9937
Coastal/Long Distance0.9817
Predominantly Upwind0.9905
Predominantly Downwind1.0497
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)629.0
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.0664
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.8431
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.0737
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.1858
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6560
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.8769
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind0.9937
Motvind Singeltall0.9905
Medvind Singeltall1.0497
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low711.70.8431
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.81.0737
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High506.01.1858
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low914.60.6560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.20.8769
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High603.80.9937
Coastal/Long Distance611.20.9817
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind605.70.9905
Predominantly Downwind571.61.0497
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore574.01.0452
Cape Doctor Coastal480.71.2483
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low711.70.8431
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.81.0737
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High506.01.1858
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low914.60.6560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.20.8769
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High603.80.9937
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8431
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0737
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1858
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8769
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9937
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8431
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0737
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1858
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8769
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9937
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance611.20.9817
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low711.70.8431
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.81.0737
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High506.01.1858
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low914.60.6560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.20.8769
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High603.80.9937
Predominantly Upwind605.70.9905
Predominantly Downwind571.61.0497
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1525.01014.9769.1647.9580.6543.8514.5468.3454.9
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance611.20.9817
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low711.70.8431
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.81.0737
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High506.01.1858
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low914.60.6560
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.20.8769
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High603.80.9937
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1525.01014.9769.1647.9580.6543.8514.5468.3454.9
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low711.70.8431
Triple Number AP Medium558.91.0735
Triple Number AP High506.01.1858
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low956.20.6275
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.20.8769
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High603.80.9937
Single Number Predominant Upwind628.90.9540
Single Number Predominant Reaching558.91.0735
Single Number Predominant Downwind597.41.0044
Predominant Upwind - Low842.80.7119
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med654.50.9168
Predominant Upwind - Medium588.81.0190
Predominant Upwind - Med/High557.61.0761
Predominant Upwind - High544.11.1028
Predominant Downwind Low874.00.6865
Predominant Downwind Low/Med646.60.9279
Predominant Downwind Medium552.21.0866
Predominant Downwind Med/High493.81.2150
Predominant Downwind High459.01.3073
Predominant Reaching Low763.90.7854
Predominant Reaching Low/Med590.21.0165
Predominant Reaching Medium524.31.1445
Predominant Reaching Med/High485.01.2370
Predominant Reaching High461.31.3007
SA/DSPL Upwind24.81SA/DSPL Downwind38.48
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1068.40.5616
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med786.70.7626
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium673.40.8910
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High611.80.9807
5-Band Windward/Leeward High585.01.0257
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1065.30.5632
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med792.50.7571
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium686.80.8736
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High632.40.9488
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High610.40.9830
5-Band AP Low789.10.7604
5-Band AP Low/Med625.80.9587
5-Band AP Medium552.01.0869
5-Band AP Med/High511.91.1722
5-Band AP High491.11.2218
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low918.70.6531
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med752.10.7978
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium651.40.9210
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High598.51.0025
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High574.01.0453
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9287
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9520
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9685
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7020
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7082
Harvest Moon Regatta489.51.2257
Club Certificate2025
LarssonNOR 11534
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassDEHLER 34 DDMeasurementHINPlan reviewHull constructionCoredCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA10.220Max. Beam3.216Draft1.875Displacement4,845Wetted area23.14IMS L9.736LSM09.663Acc. length10.220Sink (kg/mm) 17.44
VCGD0.060VCGM0.079RM Rated (kg·m) 89.4Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight656Declared crew weight615
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 2 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.380PBWPIPA0.0034
EDL1.640ST10.042ST20.180
ST30.180ST40.112ST50.290
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders2Rotating mastNo
P12.520IG13.760ISP13.960MDT10.100MDL10.180MDT20.100MDL20.150TL0.700MW0.180GO0.200
E4.500J3.770BAS1.680FSD0.000SFJ0.000SPL3.830WPLTPS4.570BD0.000MWT144.50MCG4.570
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodVCG entered directlyVCG entered0.060Flotation Date01/01/2015
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
LarssonNOR 11534
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment330-2019052114340.161.041.812.943.7634.0221/05/2019
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment330-2019052114390.080.681.332.714.175.6313.51NoNo 37.4021/05/2019330-2019052114370.100.631.182.153.083.9913.51YesNo 28.3821/05/2019Fokk625-2022050416510.820.470.891.712.563.3912.76YesNo 22.4704/05/2022
SYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLAreaMeas.DateComment330-20220426124613.6013.6013.606.776.7876.7526/04/2022
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length10.2 mTable area0.44 m²Headroom1.72 mMinimum number of berths4Personal gear stowage0.16 m³Fresh water capacity84 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit4Food stowage0.24 m³Fuel capacity54 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.