Double HandedClub Certificate2025
IsbjørnNOR 15046
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles43.0°43.0°40.8°40.5°40.5°39.9°39.6°39.2°39.5°
Beat VMG2.663.624.314.765.025.185.285.385.39
52°4.145.486.376.967.297.457.557.657.69
60°4.355.736.627.187.497.667.777.887.94
75°4.485.896.787.347.667.868.008.218.32
90°4.385.786.717.337.707.948.128.398.63
110°4.105.596.717.447.868.138.318.568.67
120°3.995.456.567.377.848.168.418.839.09
135°3.564.956.086.987.607.998.318.899.49
150°2.934.215.366.317.107.648.018.619.22
Run VMG2.533.654.655.496.236.877.378.088.63
Gybe Angles145.9°145.9°150.5°153.4°156.7°163.3°169.1°178.1°178.1°
APH ToD:549.0CDL: 10.037APH ToT: 1.0929CertNo:676323
BOAT
ClassS&S Swan 48DesignerSparkman&StephensBuilderNautorAge date01/1972Series date01/1971Offset fileSWN48S&S.offData file676323
HULL
Length Overall14.606 mMaximum Beam4.152 mDraft2.366 mDisplacement16,066 kgDLR10.7531IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.500%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationShaft exposedTypeFeathering 3 bladesDiameter0.450m
CREW
Maximum weight170 kg(default)Minimum weight120 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail53.1853.83Headsail Luffed73.4173.41Headsail FlyingSymmetric145.92145.92Asymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail16.27Storm Jib17.55Heavy Weather Jib47.36
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails6Spinnakers5
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
IsbjørnNOR 15046
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1352.4995.8834.6756.5717.0695.0682.2669.3667.8
52°870.6657.3565.0517.1493.9483.0476.7470.4468.0
60°827.3628.4544.0501.2480.6469.9463.5456.7453.4
75°802.9611.4531.0490.3470.0458.2450.3438.7432.8
90°822.0622.5536.6490.9467.5453.3443.2429.3417.1
110°879.0644.2536.7483.6458.3443.0433.0420.3415.0
120°902.4660.8548.5488.7459.4441.3427.8407.7395.9
135°1011.2727.7592.0515.7473.7450.5433.3404.8379.5
150°1230.5854.3671.2570.5506.9470.9449.5418.1390.6
Run VMG1420.5986.4774.6656.3578.0524.3488.3445.7417.2
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1384.6991.1804.6706.4647.5609.7585.3557.5542.5
All purpose1052.3768.4636.9568.0529.7507.0492.6474.2462.6
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward673.90.8904
All purpose549.01.0929
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low702.70.8539
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium545.81.0994
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High489.31.2263
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low897.90.6682
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium670.80.8945
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.91.0328
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance596.81.0053
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low702.70.8539
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium545.81.0994
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High489.31.2263
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low897.90.6682
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium670.80.8945
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.91.0328
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1468.6990.7758.7638.1565.6526.1497.5455.3443.3
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.7850
Downwind "popa"0.9431
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.8265
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.8893
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low702.70.8539
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium545.81.0994
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High489.31.2263
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low897.90.6682
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium670.80.8945
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.91.0328
Predominantly Upwind592.41.0128
Predominantly Downwind557.81.0756
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low702.60.8539
Triple Number AP Medium545.81.0993
Triple Number AP High489.31.2263
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low936.90.6404
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium670.80.8945
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.91.0328
Single Number Predominant Upwind613.70.9777
Single Number Predominant Reaching546.11.0987
Single Number Predominant Downwind582.11.0307
Predominant Upwind - Low833.20.7201
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med647.40.9268
Predominant Upwind - Medium574.01.0452
Predominant Upwind - Med/High535.91.1196
Predominant Upwind - High519.91.1542
Predominant Downwind Low850.30.7057
Predominant Downwind Low/Med632.40.9488
Predominant Downwind Medium537.51.1163
Predominant Downwind Med/High480.21.2494
Predominant Downwind High451.21.3299
Predominant Reaching Low752.10.7977
Predominant Reaching Low/Med580.81.0331
Predominant Reaching Medium510.41.1754
Predominant Reaching Med/High471.21.2735
Predominant Reaching High451.11.3301
SA/DSPL Upwind19.70SA/DSPL Downwind30.98
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1043.30.5751
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med774.30.7749
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium658.80.9107
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High589.91.0171
5-Band Windward/Leeward High559.71.0720
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1043.60.5749
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med782.10.7672
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium672.40.8923
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High609.00.9853
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High582.01.0309
5-Band AP Low775.80.7734
5-Band AP Low/Med616.10.9738
5-Band AP Medium538.11.1150
5-Band AP Med/High495.01.2121
5-Band AP High475.31.2623
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low901.70.6654
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med741.00.8097
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium636.90.9420
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High577.61.0388
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High551.41.0882
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9475
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9732
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9930
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7183
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7240
Harvest Moon Regatta478.51.2540
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance596.81.0053
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low702.70.8539
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium545.81.0994
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High489.31.2263
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low897.90.6682
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium670.80.8945
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.91.0328
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1468.6990.7758.7638.1565.6526.1497.5455.3443.3
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance596.81.0053
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low702.70.8539
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium545.81.0994
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High489.31.2263
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low897.90.6682
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium670.80.8945
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.91.0328
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1468.6990.7758.7638.1565.6526.1497.5455.3443.3
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance596.8
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1468.6990.7758.7638.1565.6526.1497.5455.3443.3
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low702.70.8539
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium545.81.0994
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High489.31.2263
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low897.90.6682
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium670.80.8945
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.91.0328
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating596.81.0053
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1025.70.9749
FinRating, kova tuuli478.61.0446
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low702.70.8539
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium545.81.0994
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High489.31.2263
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low897.90.6682
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium670.80.8945
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.91.0328
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance1.0053
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8539
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0994
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2263
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6682
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8945
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0328
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1468.6990.7758.7638.1565.6526.1497.5455.3443.3
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)615.4
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance596.81.0053
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low702.70.8539
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium545.81.0994
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High489.31.2263
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low897.90.6682
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium670.80.8945
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.91.0328
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1468.6990.7758.7638.1565.6526.1497.5455.3443.3
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low702.70.8539
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium545.81.0994
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High489.31.2263
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low897.90.6682
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium670.80.8945
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.91.0328
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance596.81.0053
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low702.70.8539
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium545.81.0994
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High489.31.2263
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low897.90.6682
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium670.80.8945
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.91.0328
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1468.6990.7758.7638.1565.6526.1497.5455.3443.3
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance596.81.0053
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low702.70.8539
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium545.81.0994
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High489.31.2263
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low897.90.6682
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium670.80.8945
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.91.0328
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1468.6990.7758.7638.1565.6526.1497.5455.3443.3
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low702.7
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium545.8
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High489.3
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low897.9
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium670.8
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.9
Predominantly Upwind592.4
Predominantly Downwind557.8
Predominantly Reaching535.5
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance596.81.0053
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low702.70.8539
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium545.81.0994
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High489.31.2263
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low897.90.6682
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium670.80.8945
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.91.0328
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1468.6990.7758.7638.1565.6526.1497.5455.3443.3
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8539
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0994
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2263
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6682
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8945
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0328
Coastal/Long Distance1.0053
Predominantly Upwind1.0128
Predominantly Downwind1.0756
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)615.4
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.0929
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.8539
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.0994
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.2263
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6682
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.8945
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind1.0328
Motvind Singeltall1.0128
Medvind Singeltall1.0756
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low702.70.8539
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium545.81.0994
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High489.31.2263
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low897.90.6682
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium670.80.8945
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.91.0328
Coastal/Long Distance596.81.0053
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind592.41.0128
Predominantly Downwind557.81.0756
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore547.01.0969
Cape Doctor Coastal466.01.2874
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low702.70.8539
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium545.81.0994
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High489.31.2263
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low897.90.6682
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium670.80.8945
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.91.0328
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8539
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0994
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2263
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6682
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8945
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0328
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8539
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0994
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2263
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6682
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8945
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0328
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance596.81.0053
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low702.70.8539
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium545.81.0994
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High489.31.2263
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low897.90.6682
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium670.80.8945
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.91.0328
Predominantly Upwind592.41.0128
Predominantly Downwind557.81.0756
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1468.6990.7758.7638.1565.6526.1497.5455.3443.3
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance596.81.0053
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low702.70.8539
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium545.81.0994
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High489.31.2263
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low897.90.6682
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium670.80.8945
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.91.0328
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1468.6990.7758.7638.1565.6526.1497.5455.3443.3
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low702.60.8539
Triple Number AP Medium545.81.0993
Triple Number AP High489.31.2263
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low936.90.6404
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium670.80.8945
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.91.0328
Single Number Predominant Upwind613.70.9777
Single Number Predominant Reaching546.11.0987
Single Number Predominant Downwind582.11.0307
Predominant Upwind - Low833.20.7201
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med647.40.9268
Predominant Upwind - Medium574.01.0452
Predominant Upwind - Med/High535.91.1196
Predominant Upwind - High519.91.1542
Predominant Downwind Low850.30.7057
Predominant Downwind Low/Med632.40.9488
Predominant Downwind Medium537.51.1163
Predominant Downwind Med/High480.21.2494
Predominant Downwind High451.21.3299
Predominant Reaching Low752.10.7977
Predominant Reaching Low/Med580.81.0331
Predominant Reaching Medium510.41.1754
Predominant Reaching Med/High471.21.2735
Predominant Reaching High451.11.3301
SA/DSPL Upwind19.70SA/DSPL Downwind30.98
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1043.30.5751
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med774.30.7749
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium658.80.9107
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High589.91.0171
5-Band Windward/Leeward High559.71.0720
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1043.60.5749
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med782.10.7672
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium672.40.8923
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High609.00.9853
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High582.01.0309
5-Band AP Low775.80.7734
5-Band AP Low/Med616.10.9738
5-Band AP Medium538.11.1150
5-Band AP Med/High495.01.2121
5-Band AP High475.31.2623
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low901.70.6654
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med741.00.8097
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium636.90.9420
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High577.61.0388
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High551.41.0882
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9475
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9732
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9930
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7183
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7240
Harvest Moon Regatta478.51.2540
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
IsbjørnNOR 15046
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassS&S Swan 48MeasurementHINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA14.606Max. Beam4.152Draft2.366Displacement16,066Wetted area42.15IMS L11.400LSM011.431Acc. length13.494Sink (kg/mm) 28.09
VCGD-0.250VCGM-0.273RM Rated (kg·m) 316.4Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight170Declared crew weightN/A
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFeathering 3 blades
InstallationShaft exposedTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.450PBWPIPA0.0079
PSD0.040PHD0.090PHL0.162
PSA18.0°ESL0.890
ST10.057ST20.138ST30.187
ST40.071ST50.160
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays2CheckstaysSpreaders2Rotating mastNo
P17.340IG18.730ISP18.740MDT10.150MDL10.290MDT20.000MDL20.000TLTaperMW0.000GO0.000
E5.360J6.110BAS1.590FSDFoilSFJ0.120SPL6.253WPLTPS0.000BD0.000MWT0.00MCG0.000
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodVCG entered directlyVCG entered-0.250Flotation Date01/01/2015
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
IsbjørnNOR 15046
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment400-2023061212160.171.061.863.284.3453.1809/06/2023
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment400-2023061212180.090.991.963.996.168.3917.93NoNo 73.4109/06/2023400-2023061212210.070.711.352.754.325.9817.84NoNo 51.2709/06/2023
SYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLAreaMeas.DateComment400-20230612122217.6317.6317.639.939.94145.9209/06/2023
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length13.5 mTable area0.66 m²Headroom1.87 mMinimum number of berths6Personal gear stowage0.24 m³Fresh water capacity225 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit6Food stowage0.36 m³Fuel capacity120 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.