Club Certificate2025
SigvaldsonNOR 15394
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles45.5°45.5°43.4°41.8°40.8°40.4°40.1°40.5°41.7°
Beat VMG2.223.123.874.424.835.055.135.155.05
52°3.554.875.886.607.097.367.477.547.50
60°3.845.206.206.897.347.607.737.817.80
75°4.015.416.437.117.537.828.018.218.28
90°4.035.536.687.437.868.128.268.528.75
110°4.015.566.777.537.998.368.709.219.52
120°3.885.386.577.397.898.288.659.3710.07
135°3.374.775.966.907.547.978.359.119.97
150°2.764.015.146.106.897.467.868.509.16
Run VMG2.393.474.455.285.976.516.977.718.30
Gybe Angles143.1°143.1°147.1°148.9°150.3°154.3°160.1°179.8°179.8°
APH ToD:565.7CDL: 9.487APH ToT: 1.0606CertNo:666963
BOAT
ClassBavaria Cruiser 40DesignerBruceFarrBuilderBavaria YachtbauAge date01/2012Series date01/2011Offset fileBAV40CRU.OFFData file666963
HULL
Length Overall11.990 mMaximum Beam3.980 mDraft2.018 mDisplacement8,870 kgDLR7.2459IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.350%Age Allowance0.455%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 3 bladesDiameter0.400m
CREW
Maximum weight758 kg(default)Minimum weight628 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail45.0445.67Headsail Luffed32.1032.10Headsail FlyingSymmetricAsymmetric79.9382.46 (All asymmetric spinnakers with SHW/SFL > 85%)
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail13.98Storm Jib12.39Heavy Weather Jib33.45
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5
✱ One set on the forestay
Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
SigvaldsonNOR 15394
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1622.51153.9931.1814.6745.1712.7701.1698.4713.2
52°1014.3739.2611.8545.6507.6489.2482.0477.6479.8
60°938.5692.6580.9522.9490.8473.8465.8460.8461.5
75°898.3665.4560.3506.5477.8460.5449.2438.2434.6
90°894.2651.1539.0484.5458.0443.4435.6422.4411.4
110°896.8647.1531.5477.8450.6430.7413.9390.9378.2
120°929.0669.5547.9487.1456.5435.0416.2384.1357.6
135°1066.8754.5603.6521.6477.3451.6431.3395.4361.1
150°1303.1898.2699.9590.0522.4482.4458.2423.4393.1
Run VMG1504.61037.1808.2681.3603.1553.2516.6466.8433.5
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1563.01095.5869.6747.9674.1633.0608.8582.6573.3
All purpose1169.9833.5673.4589.3541.1514.2497.8478.5468.5
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward710.20.8449
All purpose565.71.0606
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low753.50.7963
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium561.41.0687
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High494.61.2130
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low982.60.6106
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium704.70.8514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High605.00.9917
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance619.20.9689
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low753.50.7963
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium561.41.0687
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High494.61.2130
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low982.60.6106
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium704.70.8514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High605.00.9917
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1657.31089.7814.1668.8580.3534.2502.4454.6441.0
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.7295
Downwind "popa"0.9001
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.7735
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.8411
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low753.50.7963
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium561.41.0687
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High494.61.2130
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low982.60.6106
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium704.70.8514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High605.00.9917
Predominantly Upwind616.90.9726
Predominantly Downwind574.51.0443
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low753.50.7963
Triple Number AP Medium561.51.0685
Triple Number AP High494.71.2130
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1028.50.5834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium704.70.8514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High605.00.9917
Single Number Predominant Upwind646.00.9288
Single Number Predominant Reaching560.41.0707
Single Number Predominant Downwind602.30.9961
Predominant Upwind - Low930.60.6448
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med691.40.8679
Predominant Upwind - Medium592.81.0121
Predominant Upwind - Med/High545.61.0998
Predominant Upwind - High531.71.1284
Predominant Downwind Low906.40.6620
Predominant Downwind Low/Med657.40.9127
Predominant Downwind Medium550.91.0891
Predominant Downwind Med/High489.31.2263
Predominant Downwind High457.01.3129
Predominant Reaching Low807.10.7434
Predominant Reaching Low/Med600.70.9989
Predominant Reaching Medium516.61.1614
Predominant Reaching Med/High472.41.2700
Predominant Reaching High451.31.3295
SA/DSPL Upwind17.87SA/DSPL Downwind28.95
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1156.10.5190
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med831.10.7219
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium690.40.8691
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High614.00.9772
5-Band Windward/Leeward High585.61.0247
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1167.90.5137
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med844.00.7109
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium705.00.8511
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High632.40.9487
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High608.70.9856
5-Band AP Low832.50.7207
5-Band AP Low/Med647.80.9262
5-Band AP Medium552.01.0869
5-Band AP Med/High500.91.1978
5-Band AP High480.11.2498
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low993.00.6043
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med794.20.7554
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium664.30.9032
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High595.81.0070
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High571.21.0504
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8948
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9296
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9572
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6614
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6662
Harvest Moon Regatta482.21.2442
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance619.20.9689
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low753.50.7963
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium561.41.0687
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High494.61.2130
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low982.60.6106
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium704.70.8514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High605.00.9917
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1657.31089.7814.1668.8580.3534.2502.4454.6441.0
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance619.20.9689
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low753.50.7963
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium561.41.0687
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High494.61.2130
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low982.60.6106
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium704.70.8514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High605.00.9917
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1657.31089.7814.1668.8580.3534.2502.4454.6441.0
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance619.2
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1657.31089.7814.1668.8580.3534.2502.4454.6441.0
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low753.50.7963
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium561.41.0687
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High494.61.2130
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low982.60.6106
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium704.70.8514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High605.00.9917
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating619.20.9689
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1132.00.8834
FinRating, kova tuuli482.91.0355
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low753.50.7963
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium561.41.0687
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High494.61.2130
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low982.60.6106
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium704.70.8514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High605.00.9917
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.9689
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7963
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0687
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2130
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6106
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9917
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1657.31089.7814.1668.8580.3534.2502.4454.6441.0
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)640.5
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance619.20.9689
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low753.50.7963
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium561.41.0687
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High494.61.2130
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low982.60.6106
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium704.70.8514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High605.00.9917
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1657.31089.7814.1668.8580.3534.2502.4454.6441.0
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low753.50.7963
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium561.41.0687
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High494.61.2130
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low982.60.6106
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium704.70.8514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High605.00.9917
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance619.20.9689
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low753.50.7963
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium561.41.0687
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High494.61.2130
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low982.60.6106
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium704.70.8514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High605.00.9917
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1657.31089.7814.1668.8580.3534.2502.4454.6441.0
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance619.20.9689
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low753.50.7963
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium561.41.0687
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High494.61.2130
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low982.60.6106
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium704.70.8514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High605.00.9917
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1657.31089.7814.1668.8580.3534.2502.4454.6441.0
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low753.5
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium561.4
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High494.6
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low982.6
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium704.7
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High605.0
Predominantly Upwind616.9
Predominantly Downwind574.5
Predominantly Reaching546.3
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance619.20.9689
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low753.50.7963
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium561.41.0687
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High494.61.2130
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low982.60.6106
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium704.70.8514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High605.00.9917
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1657.31089.7814.1668.8580.3534.2502.4454.6441.0
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7963
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0687
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2130
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6106
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9917
Coastal/Long Distance0.9689
Predominantly Upwind0.9726
Predominantly Downwind1.0443
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)640.5
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.0606
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.7963
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.0687
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.2130
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6106
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.8514
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind0.9917
Motvind Singeltall0.9726
Medvind Singeltall1.0443
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low753.50.7963
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium561.41.0687
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High494.61.2130
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low982.60.6106
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium704.70.8514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High605.00.9917
Coastal/Long Distance619.20.9689
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind616.90.9726
Predominantly Downwind574.51.0443
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore576.11.0414
Cape Doctor Coastal471.51.2726
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low753.50.7963
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium561.41.0687
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High494.61.2130
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low982.60.6106
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium704.70.8514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High605.00.9917
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7963
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0687
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2130
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6106
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9917
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7963
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0687
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2130
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6106
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9917
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance619.20.9689
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low753.50.7963
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium561.41.0687
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High494.61.2130
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low982.60.6106
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium704.70.8514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High605.00.9917
Predominantly Upwind616.90.9726
Predominantly Downwind574.51.0443
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1657.31089.7814.1668.8580.3534.2502.4454.6441.0
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance619.20.9689
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low753.50.7963
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium561.41.0687
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High494.61.2130
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low982.60.6106
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium704.70.8514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High605.00.9917
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1657.31089.7814.1668.8580.3534.2502.4454.6441.0
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low753.50.7963
Triple Number AP Medium561.51.0685
Triple Number AP High494.71.2130
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1028.50.5834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium704.70.8514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High605.00.9917
Single Number Predominant Upwind646.00.9288
Single Number Predominant Reaching560.41.0707
Single Number Predominant Downwind602.30.9961
Predominant Upwind - Low930.60.6448
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med691.40.8679
Predominant Upwind - Medium592.81.0121
Predominant Upwind - Med/High545.61.0998
Predominant Upwind - High531.71.1284
Predominant Downwind Low906.40.6620
Predominant Downwind Low/Med657.40.9127
Predominant Downwind Medium550.91.0891
Predominant Downwind Med/High489.31.2263
Predominant Downwind High457.01.3129
Predominant Reaching Low807.10.7434
Predominant Reaching Low/Med600.70.9989
Predominant Reaching Medium516.61.1614
Predominant Reaching Med/High472.41.2700
Predominant Reaching High451.31.3295
SA/DSPL Upwind17.87SA/DSPL Downwind28.95
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1156.10.5190
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med831.10.7219
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium690.40.8691
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High614.00.9772
5-Band Windward/Leeward High585.61.0247
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1167.90.5137
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med844.00.7109
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium705.00.8511
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High632.40.9487
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High608.70.9856
5-Band AP Low832.50.7207
5-Band AP Low/Med647.80.9262
5-Band AP Medium552.01.0869
5-Band AP Med/High500.91.1978
5-Band AP High480.11.2498
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low993.00.6043
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med794.20.7554
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium664.30.9032
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High595.81.0070
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High571.21.0504
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8948
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9296
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9572
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6614
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6662
Harvest Moon Regatta482.21.2442
Club Certificate2025
SigvaldsonNOR 15394
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassBavaria Cruiser 40MeasurementHINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA11.990Max. Beam3.980Draft2.018Displacement8,870Wetted area34.53IMS L10.941LSM010.696Acc. length11.990Sink (kg/mm) 26.00
VCGD0.300VCGM0.360RM Rated (kg·m) 197.5Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight758Declared crew weightN/A
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 3 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.400PBWPIPA0.0040
EDL2.370ST10.070ST20.180
ST30.180ST40.110ST50.260
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerYesMainsail furlerIn mastArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders2Rotating mastNo
P15.180IG15.740ISP15.860MDT10.120MDL10.240MDT20.000MDL20.000TL0.000MW0.000GO0.000
E5.260J4.200BAS1.740FSDFoilSFJ0.000SPL0.000WPLTPS4.960BD0.000MWT0.00MCG0.000
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodVCG entered directlyVCG entered0.300Flotation Date01/01/2015
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
SigvaldsonNOR 15394
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment622-2018063020150.050.951.803.144.2645.0430/06/2018
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment1-2019040913380.050.571.102.183.274.3114.73YesNo 32.1009/04/2019
ASYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLRatioAreaMeas.DateComment990-20150624145615.9914.0515.026.266.8991%79.9324/06/2015
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length12.0 mTable area0.55 m²Headroom1.81 mMinimum number of berths5Personal gear stowage0.20 m³Fresh water capacity150 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit5Food stowage0.30 m³Fuel capacity90 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.