Club Certificate2025
ZikkZakkNOR 14719
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles46.4°46.4°44.5°42.6°40.0°39.3°39.1°39.3°40.1°
Beat VMG2.353.284.064.614.955.205.305.345.27
52°3.785.196.286.967.247.477.607.687.66
60°4.175.626.667.287.557.687.837.947.94
75°4.516.017.017.587.898.068.158.358.45
90°4.506.027.067.678.058.358.588.828.95
110°4.105.696.937.708.168.578.919.359.71
120°3.985.536.757.578.088.518.949.7610.33
135°3.504.936.157.107.738.188.629.5210.68
150°2.874.155.306.287.077.638.038.769.55
Run VMG2.493.594.595.446.126.647.087.788.41
Gybe Angles143.0°143.0°147.0°148.7°150.2°153.4°158.8°163.0°161.2°
APH ToD:547.8CDL: 9.780APH ToT: 1.0953CertNo:670264
BOAT
ClassSun Odyssey 409DesignerBRIANDPHILIPPEBuilderJeanneauAge dateSeries date01/2010Offset fileSO409Performance.offData file670264
HULL
Length Overall11.990 mMaximum Beam3.986 mDraft2.073 mDisplacement8,117 kgDLR6.1334IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.340%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 2 bladesDiameter0.400m
CREW
Maximum weight786 kg(default)Minimum weight656 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail39.5840.11Headsail Luffed33.4733.47Headsail Flying66.2066.20SymmetricAsymmetric106.65106.65 (All asymmetric spinnakers with SHW/SFL > 85%)
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail12.27Storm Jib11.51Heavy Weather Jib31.06
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails6Spinnakers5
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
COMMENTS
Forenklet
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
ZikkZakkNOR 14719
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1534.21096.1887.5780.2727.7692.4679.4673.6683.8
52°952.1693.0573.3517.1497.5482.1473.9468.8469.8
60°864.0640.1540.3494.2476.7468.7459.5453.6453.4
75°798.3599.4513.9475.2456.0446.8441.6430.9426.3
90°799.6597.6509.8469.3447.1431.2419.8408.2402.1
110°878.0632.5519.1467.6441.0420.3404.0385.0370.6
120°904.1651.3533.2475.5445.8423.0402.9368.9348.4
135°1030.0730.1585.4507.2465.8440.1417.7378.0337.1
150°1254.5868.3679.1573.4509.2471.8448.5411.0377.1
Run VMG1448.41002.6784.2662.1587.8541.9508.4463.0428.3
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1490.71049.3835.8721.2657.8617.1593.9568.3556.0
All purpose1106.4792.4643.7567.4527.5501.5485.2465.3453.5
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward688.90.8710
All purpose547.81.0953
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.00.8356
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium544.01.1030
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High481.91.2452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low942.70.6365
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium683.60.8777
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High590.11.0168
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance600.80.9987
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.00.8356
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium544.01.1030
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High481.91.2452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low942.70.6365
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium683.60.8777
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High590.11.0168
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1585.41044.7781.8644.7566.0521.6489.4442.0429.8
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.7586
Downwind "popa"0.9231
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.8014
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.8667
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.00.8356
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium544.01.1030
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High481.91.2452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low942.70.6365
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium683.60.8777
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High590.11.0168
Predominantly Upwind596.61.0056
Predominantly Downwind557.41.0765
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low718.10.8356
Triple Number AP Medium544.01.1029
Triple Number AP High481.81.2452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low986.00.6085
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium683.60.8777
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High590.11.0168
Single Number Predominant Upwind622.40.9640
Single Number Predominant Reaching539.91.1114
Single Number Predominant Downwind583.11.0290
Predominant Upwind - Low879.80.6819
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med660.70.9081
Predominant Upwind - Medium575.51.0426
Predominant Upwind - Med/High531.51.1289
Predominant Upwind - High516.31.1621
Predominant Downwind Low866.70.6923
Predominant Downwind Low/Med634.10.9462
Predominant Downwind Medium536.11.1192
Predominant Downwind Med/High477.11.2577
Predominant Downwind High444.41.3503
Predominant Reaching Low761.30.7882
Predominant Reaching Low/Med575.81.0420
Predominant Reaching Medium502.01.1953
Predominant Reaching Med/High459.21.3065
Predominant Reaching High437.11.3726
SA/DSPL Upwind17.96SA/DSPL Downwind35.95
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1106.50.5423
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med800.60.7495
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium670.90.8943
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High598.81.0019
5-Band Windward/Leeward High570.61.0516
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1115.90.5377
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med811.80.7391
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium684.70.8763
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High616.00.9740
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High591.71.0140
5-Band AP Low790.30.7592
5-Band AP Low/Med621.50.9654
5-Band AP Medium535.81.1197
5-Band AP Med/High488.21.2291
5-Band AP High466.71.2856
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low951.20.6308
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med764.70.7846
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium645.40.9297
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High580.11.0343
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High554.31.0824
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9311
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9648
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9900
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6923
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6980
Harvest Moon Regatta467.71.2829
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance600.80.9987
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.00.8356
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium544.01.1030
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High481.91.2452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low942.70.6365
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium683.60.8777
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High590.11.0168
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1585.41044.7781.8644.7566.0521.6489.4442.0429.8
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance600.80.9987
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.00.8356
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium544.01.1030
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High481.91.2452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low942.70.6365
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium683.60.8777
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High590.11.0168
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1585.41044.7781.8644.7566.0521.6489.4442.0429.8
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance600.8
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1585.41044.7781.8644.7566.0521.6489.4442.0429.8
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.00.8356
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium544.01.1030
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High481.91.2452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low942.70.6365
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium683.60.8777
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High590.11.0168
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating600.80.9987
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1081.00.9251
FinRating, kova tuuli469.31.0654
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.00.8356
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium544.01.1030
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High481.91.2452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low942.70.6365
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium683.60.8777
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High590.11.0168
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.9987
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8356
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1030
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6365
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8777
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0168
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1585.41044.7781.8644.7566.0521.6489.4442.0429.8
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)617.7
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance600.80.9987
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.00.8356
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium544.01.1030
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High481.91.2452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low942.70.6365
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium683.60.8777
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High590.11.0168
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1585.41044.7781.8644.7566.0521.6489.4442.0429.8
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.00.8356
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium544.01.1030
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High481.91.2452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low942.70.6365
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium683.60.8777
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High590.11.0168
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance600.80.9987
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.00.8356
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium544.01.1030
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High481.91.2452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low942.70.6365
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium683.60.8777
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High590.11.0168
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1585.41044.7781.8644.7566.0521.6489.4442.0429.8
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance600.80.9987
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.00.8356
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium544.01.1030
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High481.91.2452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low942.70.6365
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium683.60.8777
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High590.11.0168
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1585.41044.7781.8644.7566.0521.6489.4442.0429.8
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.0
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium544.0
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High481.9
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low942.7
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium683.6
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High590.1
Predominantly Upwind596.6
Predominantly Downwind557.4
Predominantly Reaching528.9
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance600.80.9987
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.00.8356
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium544.01.1030
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High481.91.2452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low942.70.6365
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium683.60.8777
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High590.11.0168
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1585.41044.7781.8644.7566.0521.6489.4442.0429.8
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8356
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1030
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6365
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8777
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0168
Coastal/Long Distance0.9987
Predominantly Upwind1.0056
Predominantly Downwind1.0765
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)617.7
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.0953
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.8356
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.1030
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.2452
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6365
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.8777
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind1.0168
Motvind Singeltall1.0056
Medvind Singeltall1.0765
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.00.8356
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium544.01.1030
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High481.91.2452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low942.70.6365
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium683.60.8777
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High590.11.0168
Coastal/Long Distance600.80.9987
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind596.61.0056
Predominantly Downwind557.41.0765
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore559.71.0720
Cape Doctor Coastal457.01.3129
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.00.8356
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium544.01.1030
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High481.91.2452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low942.70.6365
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium683.60.8777
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High590.11.0168
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8356
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1030
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6365
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8777
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0168
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8356
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1030
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6365
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8777
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0168
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance600.80.9987
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.00.8356
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium544.01.1030
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High481.91.2452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low942.70.6365
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium683.60.8777
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High590.11.0168
Predominantly Upwind596.61.0056
Predominantly Downwind557.41.0765
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1585.41044.7781.8644.7566.0521.6489.4442.0429.8
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance600.80.9987
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.00.8356
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium544.01.1030
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High481.91.2452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low942.70.6365
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium683.60.8777
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High590.11.0168
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1585.41044.7781.8644.7566.0521.6489.4442.0429.8
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low718.10.8356
Triple Number AP Medium544.01.1029
Triple Number AP High481.81.2452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low986.00.6085
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium683.60.8777
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High590.11.0168
Single Number Predominant Upwind622.40.9640
Single Number Predominant Reaching539.91.1114
Single Number Predominant Downwind583.11.0290
Predominant Upwind - Low879.80.6819
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med660.70.9081
Predominant Upwind - Medium575.51.0426
Predominant Upwind - Med/High531.51.1289
Predominant Upwind - High516.31.1621
Predominant Downwind Low866.70.6923
Predominant Downwind Low/Med634.10.9462
Predominant Downwind Medium536.11.1192
Predominant Downwind Med/High477.11.2577
Predominant Downwind High444.41.3503
Predominant Reaching Low761.30.7882
Predominant Reaching Low/Med575.81.0420
Predominant Reaching Medium502.01.1953
Predominant Reaching Med/High459.21.3065
Predominant Reaching High437.11.3726
SA/DSPL Upwind17.96SA/DSPL Downwind35.95
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1106.50.5423
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med800.60.7495
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium670.90.8943
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High598.81.0019
5-Band Windward/Leeward High570.61.0516
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1115.90.5377
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med811.80.7391
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium684.70.8763
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High616.00.9740
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High591.71.0140
5-Band AP Low790.30.7592
5-Band AP Low/Med621.50.9654
5-Band AP Medium535.81.1197
5-Band AP Med/High488.21.2291
5-Band AP High466.71.2856
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low951.20.6308
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med764.70.7846
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium645.40.9297
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High580.11.0343
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High554.31.0824
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9311
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9648
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9900
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6923
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6980
Harvest Moon Regatta467.71.2829
Club Certificate2025
ZikkZakkNOR 14719
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassSun Odyssey 409MeasurementHINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA11.990Max. Beam3.986Draft2.073Displacement8,117Wetted area33.92IMS L11.140LSM010.978Acc. length11.990Sink (kg/mm) 25.92
VCGD0.380VCGM0.408RM Rated (kg·m) 191.1Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight786Declared crew weightN/A
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 2 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.400PBWPIPA0.0006
EDLST1ST2
ST3ST4ST5
RIG
Forestay tensionForwardInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders2Rotating mastNo
P14.300IG15.100ISP16.430MDT10.120MDL10.225MDT20.120MDL20.180TL0.000MW0.225GO0.245
E4.900J4.490BAS1.780FSDFoilSFJ0.000SPL0.000WPLTPS5.280BD0.000MWT0.00MCG0.000
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodVCG entered directlyVCG entered0.380Flotation Date01/01/2015
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
ZikkZakkNOR 14719
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment469-2017060513020.140.881.612.944.0039.5805/06/2017
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment469-2017071908170.061.202.334.285.907.1916.59NoYes066.2019/07/2017469-2017060215050.050.591.162.323.464.5514.52YesNo 33.4702/06/2017
ASYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLRatioAreaMeas.DateComment469-20170526092817.2014.4015.807.908.9089%106.6526/05/2017
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length12.0 mTable area0.55 m²Headroom1.81 mMinimum number of berths5Personal gear stowage0.20 m³Fresh water capacity150 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit5Food stowage0.30 m³Fuel capacity90 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.