Club Certificate2025
MollyNOR 6375
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles42.7°42.7°40.7°39.5°38.5°38.0°37.7°37.4°38.2°
Beat VMG2.773.764.484.885.075.175.245.315.26
52°4.325.706.576.987.157.247.307.377.39
60°4.605.996.787.157.327.417.487.577.60
75°4.816.186.927.297.507.647.737.887.96
90°4.686.086.907.317.577.787.948.168.34
110°4.245.766.827.357.687.958.178.478.66
120°4.065.566.667.277.657.968.258.819.19
135°3.564.966.106.937.417.778.108.829.77
150°2.894.165.306.276.997.437.778.449.27
Run VMG2.513.604.595.446.196.797.257.908.53
Gybe Angles144.2°144.2°149.8°152.8°159.9°167.5°176.8°178.6°178.1°
APH ToD:551.6CDL: 9.401APH ToT: 1.0877CertNo:4989
BOAT
ClassFINNGULF 39DesignerBuilderAge date01/1986Series date01/1986Offset fileUS19868.BOFData file4989
HULL
Length Overall11.970 mMaximum Beam3.505 mDraft1.950 mDisplacement7,042 kgDLR7.6586IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.040%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 2 bladesDiameter0.400m
CREW
Maximum weight661 kg(default)Minimum weight531 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail47.7848.77Headsail Luffed46.1546.15Headsail FlyingSymmetric92.3692.36Asymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail13.57Storm Jib10.18Heavy Weather Jib27.48
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
MollyNOR 6375
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1299.8956.3803.4738.2710.3696.1687.2678.3684.2
52°833.7631.0547.6516.1503.8497.5493.4488.3487.1
60°782.1601.3530.7503.7491.6485.6481.5475.8473.6
75°748.9582.3519.9494.0479.8471.0465.5457.0452.1
90°768.8591.7522.1492.7475.5463.0453.5440.9431.8
110°848.3625.4527.8489.6468.5452.7440.5425.2415.5
120°885.8647.5540.7495.3470.8452.3436.1408.6391.6
135°1011.0725.5590.0519.8485.8463.5444.3408.3368.4
150°1244.1865.4679.5574.5515.1484.4463.1426.6388.4
Run VMG1437.1999.3784.6661.5581.2530.1496.8455.4421.9
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1366.9977.8794.0699.8645.8613.1592.0566.8553.1
All purpose1024.9750.5625.9566.7535.0515.9502.8484.1471.0
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward672.20.8927
All purpose551.61.0877
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low688.20.8718
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium548.41.0941
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High499.01.2023
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low885.90.6773
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium668.00.8982
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.81.0207
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance599.01.0017
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low688.20.8718
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium548.41.0941
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High499.01.2023
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low885.90.6773
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium668.00.8982
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.81.0207
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1459.9979.9748.8634.6569.4535.0508.1465.3452.1
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.7970
Downwind "popa"0.9315
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.8331
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.8866
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low688.20.8718
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium548.41.0941
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High499.01.2023
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low885.90.6773
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium668.00.8982
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.81.0207
Predominantly Upwind591.21.0148
Predominantly Downwind561.61.0683
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low688.20.8718
Triple Number AP Medium548.41.0940
Triple Number AP High499.01.2023
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low924.70.6488
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium668.00.8982
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.81.0207
Single Number Predominant Upwind612.00.9804
Single Number Predominant Reaching547.81.0954
Single Number Predominant Downwind585.81.0242
Predominant Upwind - Low807.10.7434
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med636.30.9430
Predominant Upwind - Medium576.11.0416
Predominant Upwind - Med/High545.91.0991
Predominant Upwind - High531.71.1284
Predominant Downwind Low842.80.7119
Predominant Downwind Low/Med631.50.9502
Predominant Downwind Medium543.31.1043
Predominant Downwind Med/High489.81.2249
Predominant Downwind High459.21.3065
Predominant Reaching Low732.40.8193
Predominant Reaching Low/Med575.41.0427
Predominant Reaching Medium516.21.1622
Predominant Reaching Med/High481.71.2456
Predominant Reaching High460.91.3017
SA/DSPL Upwind25.40SA/DSPL Downwind37.90
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1029.50.5828
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med766.00.7833
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium657.10.9130
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High595.91.0070
5-Band Windward/Leeward High568.81.0548
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1024.40.5857
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med770.60.7786
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium669.40.8963
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High614.50.9764
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High591.21.0149
5-Band AP Low758.90.7906
5-Band AP Low/Med610.00.9836
5-Band AP Medium541.91.1071
5-Band AP Med/High504.51.1892
5-Band AP High485.01.2370
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low886.40.6769
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med731.80.8199
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium636.20.9431
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High584.21.0270
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High559.81.0719
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9549
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9756
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9892
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7283
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7351
Harvest Moon Regatta485.91.2348
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance599.01.0017
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low688.20.8718
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium548.41.0941
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High499.01.2023
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low885.90.6773
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium668.00.8982
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.81.0207
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1459.9979.9748.8634.6569.4535.0508.1465.3452.1
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance599.01.0017
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low688.20.8718
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium548.41.0941
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High499.01.2023
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low885.90.6773
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium668.00.8982
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.81.0207
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1459.9979.9748.8634.6569.4535.0508.1465.3452.1
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance599.0
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1459.9979.9748.8634.6569.4535.0508.1465.3452.1
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low688.20.8718
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium548.41.0941
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High499.01.2023
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low885.90.6773
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium668.00.8982
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.81.0207
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating599.01.0017
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1010.80.9893
FinRating, kova tuuli488.31.0240
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low688.20.8718
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium548.41.0941
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High499.01.2023
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low885.90.6773
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium668.00.8982
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.81.0207
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance1.0017
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8718
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0941
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2023
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6773
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8982
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0207
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1459.9979.9748.8634.6569.4535.0508.1465.3452.1
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)614.5
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance599.01.0017
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low688.20.8718
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium548.41.0941
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High499.01.2023
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low885.90.6773
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium668.00.8982
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.81.0207
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1459.9979.9748.8634.6569.4535.0508.1465.3452.1
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low688.20.8718
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium548.41.0941
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High499.01.2023
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low885.90.6773
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium668.00.8982
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.81.0207
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance599.01.0017
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low688.20.8718
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium548.41.0941
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High499.01.2023
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low885.90.6773
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium668.00.8982
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.81.0207
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1459.9979.9748.8634.6569.4535.0508.1465.3452.1
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance599.01.0017
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low688.20.8718
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium548.41.0941
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High499.01.2023
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low885.90.6773
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium668.00.8982
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.81.0207
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1459.9979.9748.8634.6569.4535.0508.1465.3452.1
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low688.2
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium548.4
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High499.0
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low885.9
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium668.0
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.8
Predominantly Upwind591.2
Predominantly Downwind561.6
Predominantly Reaching538.5
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance599.01.0017
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low688.20.8718
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium548.41.0941
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High499.01.2023
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low885.90.6773
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium668.00.8982
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.81.0207
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1459.9979.9748.8634.6569.4535.0508.1465.3452.1
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8718
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0941
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2023
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6773
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8982
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0207
Coastal/Long Distance1.0017
Predominantly Upwind1.0148
Predominantly Downwind1.0683
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)614.5
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.0877
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.8718
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.0941
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.2023
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6773
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.8982
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind1.0207
Motvind Singeltall1.0148
Medvind Singeltall1.0683
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low688.20.8718
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium548.41.0941
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High499.01.2023
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low885.90.6773
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium668.00.8982
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.81.0207
Coastal/Long Distance599.01.0017
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind591.21.0148
Predominantly Downwind561.61.0683
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore557.21.0768
Cape Doctor Coastal474.91.2634
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low688.20.8718
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium548.41.0941
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High499.01.2023
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low885.90.6773
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium668.00.8982
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.81.0207
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8718
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0941
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2023
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6773
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8982
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0207
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8718
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0941
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2023
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6773
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8982
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0207
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance599.01.0017
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low688.20.8718
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium548.41.0941
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High499.01.2023
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low885.90.6773
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium668.00.8982
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.81.0207
Predominantly Upwind591.21.0148
Predominantly Downwind561.61.0683
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1459.9979.9748.8634.6569.4535.0508.1465.3452.1
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance599.01.0017
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low688.20.8718
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium548.41.0941
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High499.01.2023
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low885.90.6773
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium668.00.8982
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.81.0207
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1459.9979.9748.8634.6569.4535.0508.1465.3452.1
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low688.20.8718
Triple Number AP Medium548.41.0940
Triple Number AP High499.01.2023
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low924.70.6488
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium668.00.8982
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.81.0207
Single Number Predominant Upwind612.00.9804
Single Number Predominant Reaching547.81.0954
Single Number Predominant Downwind585.81.0242
Predominant Upwind - Low807.10.7434
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med636.30.9430
Predominant Upwind - Medium576.11.0416
Predominant Upwind - Med/High545.91.0991
Predominant Upwind - High531.71.1284
Predominant Downwind Low842.80.7119
Predominant Downwind Low/Med631.50.9502
Predominant Downwind Medium543.31.1043
Predominant Downwind Med/High489.81.2249
Predominant Downwind High459.21.3065
Predominant Reaching Low732.40.8193
Predominant Reaching Low/Med575.41.0427
Predominant Reaching Medium516.21.1622
Predominant Reaching Med/High481.71.2456
Predominant Reaching High460.91.3017
SA/DSPL Upwind25.40SA/DSPL Downwind37.90
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1029.50.5828
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med766.00.7833
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium657.10.9130
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High595.91.0070
5-Band Windward/Leeward High568.81.0548
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1024.40.5857
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med770.60.7786
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium669.40.8963
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High614.50.9764
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High591.21.0149
5-Band AP Low758.90.7906
5-Band AP Low/Med610.00.9836
5-Band AP Medium541.91.1071
5-Band AP Med/High504.51.1892
5-Band AP High485.01.2370
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low886.40.6769
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med731.80.8199
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium636.20.9431
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High584.21.0270
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High559.81.0719
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9549
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9756
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9892
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7283
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7351
Harvest Moon Regatta485.91.2348
Club Certificate2025
MollyNOR 6375
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassFINNGULF 39MeasurementHINPlan reviewHull constructionCoredCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA11.970Max. Beam3.505Draft1.950Displacement7,042Wetted area27.70IMS L9.964LSM09.723Acc. length11.392Sink (kg/mm) 19.98
VCGD0.001VCGM-0.021RM Rated (kg·m) 140.6Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight661Declared crew weightN/A
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 2 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.400PBWPIPA0.0036
EDL1.520ST10.048ST20.170
ST30.170ST40.170ST50.327
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders2Rotating mastNo
P15.500IG14.200ISP14.200MDT10.125MDL10.175MDT20.101MDL20.125TL0.000MW0.175GO0.195
E5.000J4.300BAS1.469FSDFoilSFJ0.000SPL4.376WPLTPS6.500BD0.000MWT0.00MCG0.000
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodVCG entered directlyVCG entered0.001Flotation Date01/01/2015
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
MollyNOR 6375
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment388-2009061208100.190.001.973.334.3547.7812/06/20094989-2004012412000.160.001.913.254.2146.7201/01/1753
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment388-2011042810380.000.000.000.000.006.4314.10NoNo 46.1528/04/20114989-2004012412010.000.000.000.000.006.4214.11NoNo 46.1101/01/1753388-2009061208150.000.000.000.000.005.7014.12NoNo 40.9712/06/2009
SYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLAreaMeas.DateComment4989-20040124120214.0714.0714.070.000.0092.3601/01/1753
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length11.4 mTable area0.55 m²Headroom1.78 mMinimum number of berths5Personal gear stowage0.20 m³Fresh water capacity135 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit5Food stowage0.30 m³Fuel capacity78 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.