Double HandedClub Certificate2025
Stella PolarisNOR 15989
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles43.4°43.4°41.5°40.8°40.7°40.4°40.2°40.4°41.7°
Beat VMG2.543.494.224.664.905.025.095.135.02
52°3.965.336.296.887.197.327.417.487.45
60°4.215.626.577.147.447.597.677.767.73
75°4.395.836.787.357.677.878.018.178.24
90°4.315.836.907.447.727.998.218.558.78
110°4.405.997.147.758.148.408.618.979.23
120°4.295.877.037.708.148.548.919.389.79
135°3.815.306.507.357.878.318.749.6810.94
150°3.144.465.616.597.327.798.178.949.81
Run VMG2.723.864.865.716.356.837.247.918.59
Gybe Angles142.9°142.9°147.4°149.4°151.6°156.1°161.0°162.4°159.8°
APH ToD:545.7CDL: 9.504APH ToT: 1.0994CertNo:674833
BOAT
Classx4^0DesignerNielsJeppesenBuilderX-YachtsAge dateSeries date01/2019Offset fileX4^0.offData file674833
HULL
Length Overall11.500 mMaximum Beam3.818 mDraft2.124 mDisplacement8,427 kgDLR6.7114IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.240%Age Allowance0.195%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 3 bladesDiameter0.400m
CREW
Maximum weight170 kg(default)Minimum weight120 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail46.1246.73Headsail Luffed37.9537.95Headsail FlyingSymmetricAsymmetric123.83123.83 (All asymmetric spinnakers with SHW/SFL > 85%)
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail14.26Storm Jib13.88Heavy Weather Jib37.47
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
Stella PolarisNOR 15989
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1416.31030.2853.5772.3735.3717.0707.1701.1716.9
52°908.4675.5572.2523.1501.0491.5486.0481.2483.4
60°855.0641.0548.0503.9483.8474.5469.5464.2465.4
75°819.8617.7531.0489.8469.3457.3449.6440.6436.9
90°835.7617.3521.6483.6466.1450.5438.3420.8410.2
110°817.6600.6504.4464.4442.2428.7418.2401.6390.1
120°839.3613.4511.8467.7442.5421.4404.1383.9367.9
135°946.1679.8554.1489.8457.4433.4411.7371.8329.2
150°1146.9807.4641.4546.2491.8462.2440.9402.8367.0
Run VMG1324.4932.3740.6630.7566.7527.3497.5455.0419.2
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1369.9981.3797.0701.5651.0622.2602.3578.1568.1
All purpose1041.4756.7625.2560.9528.0508.2494.1475.1464.4
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward677.90.8850
All purpose545.71.0994
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low690.90.8684
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium542.11.1068
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High490.51.2232
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low889.20.6748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.80.8918
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.11.0031
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance594.11.0099
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low690.90.8684
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium542.11.1068
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High490.51.2232
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low889.20.6748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.80.8918
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.11.0031
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1445.5976.4748.8631.8564.9527.6497.7452.1440.7
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.7614
Downwind "popa"0.9655
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.8129
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.8936
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low690.90.8684
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium542.11.1068
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High490.51.2232
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low889.20.6748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.80.8918
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.11.0031
Predominantly Upwind596.21.0063
Predominantly Downwind546.61.0978
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low690.90.8684
Triple Number AP Medium542.21.1067
Triple Number AP High490.51.2232
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low927.70.6467
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.80.8918
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.11.0031
Single Number Predominant Upwind620.00.9677
Single Number Predominant Reaching539.01.1132
Single Number Predominant Downwind569.51.0535
Predominant Upwind - Low841.50.7130
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med649.40.9240
Predominant Upwind - Medium578.91.0365
Predominant Upwind - Med/High544.41.1022
Predominant Upwind - High530.21.1316
Predominant Downwind Low819.10.7325
Predominant Downwind Low/Med612.90.9790
Predominant Downwind Medium528.61.1350
Predominant Downwind Med/High477.01.2578
Predominant Downwind High445.01.3484
Predominant Reaching Low739.00.8119
Predominant Reaching Low/Med569.11.0543
Predominant Reaching Medium505.11.1879
Predominant Reaching Med/High467.21.2842
Predominant Reaching High444.11.3512
SA/DSPL Upwind20.16SA/DSPL Downwind40.75
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1032.50.5811
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med768.90.7803
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium662.70.9054
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High605.70.9907
5-Band Windward/Leeward High580.51.0336
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1042.50.5755
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med781.80.7674
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium679.30.8833
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High626.50.9576
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High605.40.9911
5-Band AP Low758.00.7916
5-Band AP Low/Med607.50.9876
5-Band AP Medium535.41.1207
5-Band AP Med/High496.11.2093
5-Band AP High476.61.2590
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low894.00.6711
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med736.20.8150
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium639.40.9383
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High588.41.0197
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High565.41.0611
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9396
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9803
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.0175
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7247
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7291
Harvest Moon Regatta470.31.2758
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance594.11.0099
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low690.90.8684
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium542.11.1068
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High490.51.2232
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low889.20.6748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.80.8918
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.11.0031
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1445.5976.4748.8631.8564.9527.6497.7452.1440.7
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance594.11.0099
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low690.90.8684
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium542.11.1068
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High490.51.2232
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low889.20.6748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.80.8918
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.11.0031
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1445.5976.4748.8631.8564.9527.6497.7452.1440.7
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance594.1
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1445.5976.4748.8631.8564.9527.6497.7452.1440.7
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low690.90.8684
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium542.11.1068
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High490.51.2232
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low889.20.6748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.80.8918
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.11.0031
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating594.11.0099
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1011.80.9883
FinRating, kova tuuli479.71.0423
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low690.90.8684
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium542.11.1068
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High490.51.2232
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low889.20.6748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.80.8918
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.11.0031
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance1.0099
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8684
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1068
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2232
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8918
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0031
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1445.5976.4748.8631.8564.9527.6497.7452.1440.7
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)610.2
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance594.11.0099
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low690.90.8684
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium542.11.1068
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High490.51.2232
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low889.20.6748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.80.8918
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.11.0031
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1445.5976.4748.8631.8564.9527.6497.7452.1440.7
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low690.90.8684
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium542.11.1068
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High490.51.2232
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low889.20.6748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.80.8918
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.11.0031
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance594.11.0099
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low690.90.8684
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium542.11.1068
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High490.51.2232
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low889.20.6748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.80.8918
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.11.0031
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1445.5976.4748.8631.8564.9527.6497.7452.1440.7
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance594.11.0099
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low690.90.8684
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium542.11.1068
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High490.51.2232
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low889.20.6748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.80.8918
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.11.0031
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1445.5976.4748.8631.8564.9527.6497.7452.1440.7
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low690.9
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium542.1
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High490.5
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low889.2
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.8
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.1
Predominantly Upwind596.2
Predominantly Downwind546.6
Predominantly Reaching525.7
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance594.11.0099
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low690.90.8684
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium542.11.1068
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High490.51.2232
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low889.20.6748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.80.8918
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.11.0031
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1445.5976.4748.8631.8564.9527.6497.7452.1440.7
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8684
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1068
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2232
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8918
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0031
Coastal/Long Distance1.0099
Predominantly Upwind1.0063
Predominantly Downwind1.0978
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)610.2
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.0994
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.8684
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.1068
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.2232
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6748
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.8918
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind1.0031
Motvind Singeltall1.0063
Medvind Singeltall1.0978
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low690.90.8684
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium542.11.1068
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High490.51.2232
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low889.20.6748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.80.8918
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.11.0031
Coastal/Long Distance594.11.0099
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind596.21.0063
Predominantly Downwind546.61.0978
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore571.11.0507
Cape Doctor Coastal467.61.2831
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low690.90.8684
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium542.11.1068
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High490.51.2232
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low889.20.6748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.80.8918
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.11.0031
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8684
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1068
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2232
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8918
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0031
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8684
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1068
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2232
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8918
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0031
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance594.11.0099
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low690.90.8684
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium542.11.1068
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High490.51.2232
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low889.20.6748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.80.8918
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.11.0031
Predominantly Upwind596.21.0063
Predominantly Downwind546.61.0978
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1445.5976.4748.8631.8564.9527.6497.7452.1440.7
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance594.11.0099
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low690.90.8684
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium542.11.1068
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High490.51.2232
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low889.20.6748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.80.8918
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.11.0031
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1445.5976.4748.8631.8564.9527.6497.7452.1440.7
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low690.90.8684
Triple Number AP Medium542.21.1067
Triple Number AP High490.51.2232
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low927.70.6467
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.80.8918
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.11.0031
Single Number Predominant Upwind620.00.9677
Single Number Predominant Reaching539.01.1132
Single Number Predominant Downwind569.51.0535
Predominant Upwind - Low841.50.7130
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med649.40.9240
Predominant Upwind - Medium578.91.0365
Predominant Upwind - Med/High544.41.1022
Predominant Upwind - High530.21.1316
Predominant Downwind Low819.10.7325
Predominant Downwind Low/Med612.90.9790
Predominant Downwind Medium528.61.1350
Predominant Downwind Med/High477.01.2578
Predominant Downwind High445.01.3484
Predominant Reaching Low739.00.8119
Predominant Reaching Low/Med569.11.0543
Predominant Reaching Medium505.11.1879
Predominant Reaching Med/High467.21.2842
Predominant Reaching High444.11.3512
SA/DSPL Upwind20.16SA/DSPL Downwind40.75
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1032.50.5811
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med768.90.7803
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium662.70.9054
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High605.70.9907
5-Band Windward/Leeward High580.51.0336
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1042.50.5755
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med781.80.7674
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium679.30.8833
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High626.50.9576
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High605.40.9911
5-Band AP Low758.00.7916
5-Band AP Low/Med607.50.9876
5-Band AP Medium535.41.1207
5-Band AP Med/High496.11.2093
5-Band AP High476.61.2590
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low894.00.6711
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med736.20.8150
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium639.40.9383
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High588.41.0197
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High565.41.0611
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9396
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9803
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.0175
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7247
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7291
Harvest Moon Regatta470.31.2758
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
Stella PolarisNOR 15989
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
Classx4^0MeasurementHINPlan reviewHull constructionCoredCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA11.500Max. Beam3.818Draft2.124Displacement8,427Wetted area31.87IMS L10.761LSM010.787Acc. length11.500Sink (kg/mm) 23.67
VCGD0.050VCGM0.022RM Rated (kg·m) 183.2Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight170Declared crew weightN/A
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 3 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.400PBWPIPA0.0037
EDL2.000ST10.040ST20.180
ST30.180ST40.112ST50.330
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders2Rotating mastNo
P15.550IG16.660ISP17.370MDT10.130MDL10.220MDT20.000MDL20.000TLTaperMW0.000GO0.000
E5.240J4.240BAS1.820FSDFoilSFJ0.300SPL0.000WPLTPS5.170BD0.000MWT0.00MCG0.000
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodVCG entered directlyVCG entered0.050Flotation Date01/01/2015
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
Stella PolarisNOR 15989
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment306-2021101813230.150.971.763.154.2546.1218/10/2021
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment306-2021101813220.080.691.292.403.454.4016.28YesNo 37.9518/10/2021336-2021121015250.080.601.122.133.073.8816.25YesNo 33.5010/12/2021
ASYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLRatioAreaMeas.DateComment306-20211018132117.6016.0816.848.988.20110%123.8318/10/2021
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length11.5 mTable area0.55 m²Headroom1.79 mMinimum number of berths5Personal gear stowage0.20 m³Fresh water capacity138 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit5Food stowage0.30 m³Fuel capacity80 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.