Double HandedClub Certificate2025
LuringenNOR 6294
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles43.0°43.0°41.0°40.4°40.4°40.0°39.8°39.9°41.1°
Beat VMG2.423.293.934.324.534.634.684.704.60
52°3.744.985.816.306.556.666.726.776.73
60°3.945.216.036.496.736.866.926.996.98
75°4.075.376.196.656.907.067.187.317.37
90°3.975.276.146.656.957.157.317.557.71
110°3.885.296.306.847.157.377.507.737.80
120°3.765.146.186.807.167.437.688.038.30
135°3.364.675.756.547.017.347.638.259.02
150°2.783.995.085.986.647.067.377.978.69
Run VMG2.413.464.405.205.896.446.857.468.02
Gybe Angles146.7°146.7°151.0°153.7°159.9°166.6°173.6°178.1°177.9°
APH ToD:600.9CDL: 7.972APH ToT: 0.9985CertNo:5578
BOAT
ClassMAESTRO 35DesignerEivindStillBuilderMarin FormAge date01/1986Series date01/1985Offset fileL6861.BOFData file5578
HULL
Length Overall10.735 mMaximum Beam3.510 mDraft1.829 mDisplacement6,161 kgDLR9.3614IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.470%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationShaft exposedTypeFolding 2 bladesDiameter0.400m
CREW
Maximum weight170 kg(default)Minimum weight120 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail27.2227.62Headsail Luffed36.1536.15Headsail FlyingSymmetric88.0088.00Asymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail7.97Storm Jib9.80Heavy Weather Jib26.46
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
LuringenNOR 6294
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1489.71094.5915.9832.9795.1777.3768.9765.8782.3
52°962.6723.5620.1571.1549.7540.4535.7532.0534.5
60°912.8690.7597.0554.3534.9524.8519.9515.3515.8
75°883.9670.7581.7541.7521.7509.7501.6492.7488.7
90°906.7682.7586.6541.4518.2503.4492.4477.0467.0
110°927.3681.0571.7526.4503.5488.7479.8465.8461.4
120°958.5699.8582.4529.5502.8484.2468.8448.4433.6
135°1072.4770.1626.3550.4513.8490.7471.8436.3399.2
150°1294.0901.3709.2602.4542.1510.2488.2451.8414.4
Run VMG1495.71040.7818.3692.6611.0559.4525.7482.5449.1
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1491.01067.6867.1762.7703.1668.4647.3624.2615.7
All purpose1137.2829.3687.7617.5580.5559.6546.2529.1519.8
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward733.20.8184
All purpose600.90.9985
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low758.50.7910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium596.51.0058
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High543.11.1047
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low967.40.6202
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium728.00.8242
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High643.90.9318
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance651.60.9207
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low758.50.7910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium596.51.0058
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High543.11.1047
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low967.40.6202
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium728.00.8242
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High643.90.9318
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1575.81064.9817.5691.2619.0580.3551.2506.3495.3
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.7058
Downwind "popa"0.8879
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.7521
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.8241
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low758.50.7910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium596.51.0058
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High543.11.1047
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low967.40.6202
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium728.00.8242
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High643.90.9318
Predominantly Upwind652.10.9200
Predominantly Downwind602.80.9954
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low758.50.7910
Triple Number AP Medium596.61.0057
Triple Number AP High543.11.1047
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1009.40.5944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium728.00.8242
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High643.90.9318
Single Number Predominant Upwind677.00.8863
Single Number Predominant Reaching597.61.0040
Single Number Predominant Downwind629.20.9536
Predominant Upwind - Low909.30.6599
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med707.80.8477
Predominant Upwind - Medium633.10.9477
Predominant Upwind - Med/High598.21.0030
Predominant Upwind - High585.81.0243
Predominant Downwind Low909.40.6598
Predominant Downwind Low/Med678.40.8844
Predominant Downwind Medium581.91.0310
Predominant Downwind Med/High525.61.1416
Predominant Downwind High495.11.2120
Predominant Reaching Low814.40.7367
Predominant Reaching Low/Med630.60.9515
Predominant Reaching Medium559.61.0722
Predominant Reaching Med/High520.91.1519
Predominant Reaching High499.91.2002
SA/DSPL Upwind18.74SA/DSPL Downwind34.08
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1123.70.5339
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med835.60.7180
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium716.20.8378
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High651.60.9208
5-Band Windward/Leeward High626.70.9574
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1128.70.5316
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med847.50.7080
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium734.20.8172
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High675.70.8880
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High655.20.9157
5-Band AP Low835.60.7180
5-Band AP Low/Med668.00.8982
5-Band AP Medium589.21.0183
5-Band AP Med/High548.51.0940
5-Band AP High530.41.1312
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low972.80.6168
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med801.50.7486
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium695.00.8634
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High639.80.9379
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High617.90.9710
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8614
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8931
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9212
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6633
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6678
Harvest Moon Regatta524.81.1433
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance651.60.9207
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low758.50.7910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium596.51.0058
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High543.11.1047
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low967.40.6202
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium728.00.8242
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High643.90.9318
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1575.81064.9817.5691.2619.0580.3551.2506.3495.3
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance651.60.9207
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low758.50.7910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium596.51.0058
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High543.11.1047
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low967.40.6202
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium728.00.8242
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High643.90.9318
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1575.81064.9817.5691.2619.0580.3551.2506.3495.3
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance651.6
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1575.81064.9817.5691.2619.0580.3551.2506.3495.3
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low758.50.7910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium596.51.0058
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High543.11.1047
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low967.40.6202
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium728.00.8242
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High643.90.9318
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating651.60.9207
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1104.60.9053
FinRating, kova tuuli534.20.9361
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low758.50.7910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium596.51.0058
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High543.11.1047
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low967.40.6202
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium728.00.8242
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High643.90.9318
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.9207
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0058
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1047
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6202
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8242
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9318
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1575.81064.9817.5691.2619.0580.3551.2506.3495.3
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)671.3
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance651.60.9207
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low758.50.7910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium596.51.0058
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High543.11.1047
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low967.40.6202
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium728.00.8242
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High643.90.9318
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1575.81064.9817.5691.2619.0580.3551.2506.3495.3
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low758.50.7910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium596.51.0058
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High543.11.1047
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low967.40.6202
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium728.00.8242
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High643.90.9318
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance651.60.9207
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low758.50.7910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium596.51.0058
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High543.11.1047
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low967.40.6202
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium728.00.8242
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High643.90.9318
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1575.81064.9817.5691.2619.0580.3551.2506.3495.3
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance651.60.9207
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low758.50.7910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium596.51.0058
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High543.11.1047
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low967.40.6202
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium728.00.8242
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High643.90.9318
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1575.81064.9817.5691.2619.0580.3551.2506.3495.3
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low758.5
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium596.5
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High543.1
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low967.4
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium728.0
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High643.9
Predominantly Upwind652.1
Predominantly Downwind602.8
Predominantly Reaching582.9
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance651.60.9207
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low758.50.7910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium596.51.0058
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High543.11.1047
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low967.40.6202
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium728.00.8242
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High643.90.9318
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1575.81064.9817.5691.2619.0580.3551.2506.3495.3
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0058
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1047
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6202
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8242
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9318
Coastal/Long Distance0.9207
Predominantly Upwind0.9200
Predominantly Downwind0.9954
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)671.3
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)0.9985
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.7910
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.0058
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.1047
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6202
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.8242
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind0.9318
Motvind Singeltall0.9200
Medvind Singeltall0.9954
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low758.50.7910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium596.51.0058
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High543.11.1047
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low967.40.6202
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium728.00.8242
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High643.90.9318
Coastal/Long Distance651.60.9207
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind652.10.9200
Predominantly Downwind602.80.9954
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore618.30.9705
Cape Doctor Coastal522.61.1482
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low758.50.7910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium596.51.0058
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High543.11.1047
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low967.40.6202
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium728.00.8242
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High643.90.9318
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0058
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1047
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6202
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8242
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9318
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0058
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1047
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6202
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8242
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9318
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance651.60.9207
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low758.50.7910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium596.51.0058
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High543.11.1047
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low967.40.6202
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium728.00.8242
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High643.90.9318
Predominantly Upwind652.10.9200
Predominantly Downwind602.80.9954
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1575.81064.9817.5691.2619.0580.3551.2506.3495.3
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance651.60.9207
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low758.50.7910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium596.51.0058
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High543.11.1047
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low967.40.6202
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium728.00.8242
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High643.90.9318
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1575.81064.9817.5691.2619.0580.3551.2506.3495.3
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low758.50.7910
Triple Number AP Medium596.61.0057
Triple Number AP High543.11.1047
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1009.40.5944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium728.00.8242
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High643.90.9318
Single Number Predominant Upwind677.00.8863
Single Number Predominant Reaching597.61.0040
Single Number Predominant Downwind629.20.9536
Predominant Upwind - Low909.30.6599
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med707.80.8477
Predominant Upwind - Medium633.10.9477
Predominant Upwind - Med/High598.21.0030
Predominant Upwind - High585.81.0243
Predominant Downwind Low909.40.6598
Predominant Downwind Low/Med678.40.8844
Predominant Downwind Medium581.91.0310
Predominant Downwind Med/High525.61.1416
Predominant Downwind High495.11.2120
Predominant Reaching Low814.40.7367
Predominant Reaching Low/Med630.60.9515
Predominant Reaching Medium559.61.0722
Predominant Reaching Med/High520.91.1519
Predominant Reaching High499.91.2002
SA/DSPL Upwind18.74SA/DSPL Downwind34.08
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1123.70.5339
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med835.60.7180
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium716.20.8378
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High651.60.9208
5-Band Windward/Leeward High626.70.9574
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1128.70.5316
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med847.50.7080
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium734.20.8172
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High675.70.8880
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High655.20.9157
5-Band AP Low835.60.7180
5-Band AP Low/Med668.00.8982
5-Band AP Medium589.21.0183
5-Band AP Med/High548.51.0940
5-Band AP High530.41.1312
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low972.80.6168
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med801.50.7486
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium695.00.8634
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High639.80.9379
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High617.90.9710
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8614
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8931
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9212
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6633
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6678
Harvest Moon Regatta524.81.1433
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
LuringenNOR 6294
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassMAESTRO 35MeasurementHINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA10.735Max. Beam3.510Draft1.829Displacement6,161Wetted area24.44IMS L8.889LSM08.698Acc. length10.735Sink (kg/mm) 17.52
VCGD0.050VCGM0.055RM Rated (kg·m) 108.8Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight170Declared crew weightN/A
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 2 blades
InstallationShaft exposedTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.400PBWPIPA0.0015
PSD0.000PHD0.000PHL0.000
PSA0.0°ESL0.000
ST10.000ST20.000ST30.000
ST40.000ST50.000
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayAdjustableMast materialSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders2Rotating mastNo
P12.300IG14.000ISP14.000MDT10.125MDL10.160MDT20.000MDL20.000TLNo TaperMW0.000GO0.000
E3.700J4.200BAS1.700FSD0.030SFJ0.000SPL4.284WPLTPS0.000BD0.000MWT0.00MCG0.000
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodVCG entered directlyVCG entered0.050Flotation Date01/01/2015
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
LuringenNOR 6294
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment366-2025051409000.140.681.372.403.2027.2211/05/2025
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment366-2025051412440.060.651.202.483.855.3514.05NoNo 36.1511/05/2025366-2025051412450.040.551.082.113.184.1513.90YesNo 29.3411/05/2025
SYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLAreaMeas.DateComment366-20250514090213.8113.8113.817.630.0088.0011/05/2025
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length10.7 mTable area0.55 m²Headroom1.75 mMinimum number of berths5Personal gear stowage0.20 m³Fresh water capacity117 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit5Food stowage0.30 m³Fuel capacity64 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.