Double HandedClub Certificate2025
VentoNOR 11800
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles42.4°42.4°40.6°39.5°39.0°38.9°38.9°39.1°40.7°
Beat VMG2.603.574.314.754.935.035.085.114.96
52°4.005.406.376.897.107.217.277.337.28
60°4.245.666.627.127.337.437.507.577.54
75°4.425.866.797.317.577.727.817.947.98
90°4.305.746.727.307.647.878.058.308.43
110°4.175.716.857.487.838.068.238.518.81
120°4.025.546.697.407.838.188.498.879.18
135°3.534.956.147.027.587.998.399.2110.09
150°2.894.185.346.337.107.608.008.819.78
Run VMG2.513.624.635.506.256.887.378.138.88
Gybe Angles144.8°144.8°149.4°152.8°158.1°165.1°171.4°176.8°175.9°
APH ToD:553.8CDL: 9.317APH ToT: 1.0835CertNo:8964
BOAT
ClassGrand Soleil 37DesignerBotin&CareekBuilderCantiere del PardoAge date01/2005Series date01/2005Offset fileGS37BC-FK.offData file8964
HULL
Length Overall11.317 mMaximum Beam3.674 mDraft2.332 mDisplacement7,217 kgDLR6.8688IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.230%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 2 bladesDiameter0.400m
CREW
Maximum weight170 kg(default)Minimum weight120 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail45.5146.57Headsail Luffed32.8232.82Headsail FlyingSymmetric94.3694.36Asymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail13.27Storm Jib11.21Heavy Weather Jib30.26
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
VentoNOR 11800
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1385.21007.2834.4757.8730.0716.3708.7704.6726.1
52°899.5667.1565.0522.3507.1499.6495.1490.9494.4
60°849.0635.6543.8505.4490.9484.3479.9475.5477.6
75°814.7614.9530.2492.7475.6466.5460.9453.5451.0
90°836.4626.8535.9493.4471.5457.2447.1433.9426.8
110°863.4630.1525.4481.4459.7446.9437.4423.1408.8
120°894.6650.0538.1486.7459.9439.9424.2406.0392.1
135°1020.4727.0586.6512.8475.1450.5428.9390.9356.9
150°1244.5861.9674.0568.3507.0473.4449.8408.6368.1
Run VMG1436.8995.3778.3654.5575.7523.6488.8442.9405.4
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1409.91001.2806.3706.1652.8619.9598.7573.7565.7
All purpose1068.0772.5635.2568.4535.0515.3501.8483.8474.8
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward680.30.8819
All purpose553.81.0835
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low703.80.8525
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium549.61.0918
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High498.51.2037
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low903.80.6639
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium675.10.8887
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High594.61.0090
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low703.80.8525
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium549.61.0918
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High498.51.2037
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low903.80.6639
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium675.10.8887
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High594.61.0090
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1498.71000.6759.7638.3571.1534.4505.9462.8452.7
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.7694
Downwind "popa"0.9419
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.8141
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.8825
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low703.80.8525
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium549.61.0918
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High498.51.2037
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low903.80.6639
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium675.10.8887
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High594.61.0090
Predominantly Upwind599.91.0001
Predominantly Downwind559.31.0727
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low703.80.8525
Triple Number AP Medium549.61.0917
Triple Number AP High498.41.2037
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low944.50.6353
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium675.10.8887
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High594.61.0090
Single Number Predominant Upwind623.80.9619
Single Number Predominant Reaching550.61.0897
Single Number Predominant Downwind584.81.0261
Predominant Upwind - Low843.40.7114
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med650.50.9223
Predominant Upwind - Medium582.31.0304
Predominant Upwind - Med/High550.41.0902
Predominant Upwind - High538.11.1150
Predominant Downwind Low856.80.7003
Predominant Downwind Low/Med633.10.9477
Predominant Downwind Medium539.71.1118
Predominant Downwind Med/High483.11.2419
Predominant Downwind High451.41.3291
Predominant Reaching Low758.50.7911
Predominant Reaching Low/Med582.11.0308
Predominant Reaching Medium514.51.1661
Predominant Reaching Med/High476.61.2589
Predominant Reaching High455.81.3164
SA/DSPL Upwind20.84SA/DSPL Downwind37.21
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1055.00.5687
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med777.10.7721
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium664.40.9031
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High602.60.9956
5-Band Windward/Leeward High576.71.0405
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1055.70.5684
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med785.10.7642
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium679.30.8832
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High624.30.9610
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High603.10.9948
5-Band AP Low779.70.7695
5-Band AP Low/Med617.10.9723
5-Band AP Medium542.81.1054
5-Band AP Med/High503.91.1908
5-Band AP High485.41.2361
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low908.30.6606
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med743.20.8073
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium642.80.9334
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High590.01.0169
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High567.21.0578
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9356
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9652
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9893
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7099
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7155
Harvest Moon Regatta480.41.2489
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low703.80.8525
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium549.61.0918
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High498.51.2037
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low903.80.6639
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium675.10.8887
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High594.61.0090
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1498.71000.6759.7638.3571.1534.4505.9462.8452.7
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low703.80.8525
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium549.61.0918
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High498.51.2037
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low903.80.6639
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium675.10.8887
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High594.61.0090
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1498.71000.6759.7638.3571.1534.4505.9462.8452.7
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance602.0
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1498.71000.6759.7638.3571.1534.4505.9462.8452.7
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low703.80.8525
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium549.61.0918
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High498.51.2037
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low903.80.6639
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium675.10.8887
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High594.61.0090
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating602.00.9967
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1037.30.9640
FinRating, kova tuuli489.01.0224
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low703.80.8525
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium549.61.0918
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High498.51.2037
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low903.80.6639
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium675.10.8887
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High594.61.0090
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8525
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0918
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2037
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6639
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8887
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0090
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1498.71000.6759.7638.3571.1534.4505.9462.8452.7
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)619.8
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low703.80.8525
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium549.61.0918
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High498.51.2037
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low903.80.6639
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium675.10.8887
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High594.61.0090
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1498.71000.6759.7638.3571.1534.4505.9462.8452.7
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low703.80.8525
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium549.61.0918
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High498.51.2037
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low903.80.6639
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium675.10.8887
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High594.61.0090
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low703.80.8525
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium549.61.0918
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High498.51.2037
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low903.80.6639
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium675.10.8887
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High594.61.0090
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1498.71000.6759.7638.3571.1534.4505.9462.8452.7
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low703.80.8525
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium549.61.0918
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High498.51.2037
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low903.80.6639
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium675.10.8887
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High594.61.0090
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1498.71000.6759.7638.3571.1534.4505.9462.8452.7
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low703.8
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium549.6
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High498.5
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low903.8
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium675.1
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High594.6
Predominantly Upwind599.9
Predominantly Downwind559.3
Predominantly Reaching537.6
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low703.80.8525
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium549.61.0918
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High498.51.2037
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low903.80.6639
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium675.10.8887
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High594.61.0090
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1498.71000.6759.7638.3571.1534.4505.9462.8452.7
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8525
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0918
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2037
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6639
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8887
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0090
Coastal/Long Distance0.9967
Predominantly Upwind1.0001
Predominantly Downwind1.0727
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)619.8
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.0835
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.8525
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.0918
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.2037
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6639
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.8887
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind1.0090
Motvind Singeltall1.0001
Medvind Singeltall1.0727
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low703.80.8525
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium549.61.0918
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High498.51.2037
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low903.80.6639
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium675.10.8887
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High594.61.0090
Coastal/Long Distance602.00.9967
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind599.91.0001
Predominantly Downwind559.31.0727
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore568.11.0561
Cape Doctor Coastal477.51.2565
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low703.80.8525
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium549.61.0918
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High498.51.2037
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low903.80.6639
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium675.10.8887
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High594.61.0090
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8525
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0918
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2037
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6639
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8887
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0090
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8525
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0918
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2037
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6639
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8887
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0090
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low703.80.8525
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium549.61.0918
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High498.51.2037
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low903.80.6639
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium675.10.8887
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High594.61.0090
Predominantly Upwind599.91.0001
Predominantly Downwind559.31.0727
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1498.71000.6759.7638.3571.1534.4505.9462.8452.7
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low703.80.8525
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium549.61.0918
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High498.51.2037
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low903.80.6639
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium675.10.8887
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High594.61.0090
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1498.71000.6759.7638.3571.1534.4505.9462.8452.7
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low703.80.8525
Triple Number AP Medium549.61.0917
Triple Number AP High498.41.2037
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low944.50.6353
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium675.10.8887
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High594.61.0090
Single Number Predominant Upwind623.80.9619
Single Number Predominant Reaching550.61.0897
Single Number Predominant Downwind584.81.0261
Predominant Upwind - Low843.40.7114
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med650.50.9223
Predominant Upwind - Medium582.31.0304
Predominant Upwind - Med/High550.41.0902
Predominant Upwind - High538.11.1150
Predominant Downwind Low856.80.7003
Predominant Downwind Low/Med633.10.9477
Predominant Downwind Medium539.71.1118
Predominant Downwind Med/High483.11.2419
Predominant Downwind High451.41.3291
Predominant Reaching Low758.50.7911
Predominant Reaching Low/Med582.11.0308
Predominant Reaching Medium514.51.1661
Predominant Reaching Med/High476.61.2589
Predominant Reaching High455.81.3164
SA/DSPL Upwind20.84SA/DSPL Downwind37.21
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1055.00.5687
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med777.10.7721
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium664.40.9031
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High602.60.9956
5-Band Windward/Leeward High576.71.0405
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1055.70.5684
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med785.10.7642
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium679.30.8832
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High624.30.9610
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High603.10.9948
5-Band AP Low779.70.7695
5-Band AP Low/Med617.10.9723
5-Band AP Medium542.81.1054
5-Band AP Med/High503.91.1908
5-Band AP High485.41.2361
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low908.30.6606
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med743.20.8073
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium642.80.9334
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High590.01.0169
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High567.21.0578
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9356
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9652
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9893
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7099
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7155
Harvest Moon Regatta480.41.2489
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
VentoNOR 11800
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassGrand Soleil 37MeasurementHINPlan reviewHull constructionLightCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA11.317Max. Beam3.674Draft2.332Displacement7,217Wetted area28.79IMS L10.264LSM010.165Acc. length11.317Sink (kg/mm) 22.41
VCGD0.233VCGM0.172RM Rated (kg·m) 159.4Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight170Declared crew weightN/A
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 2 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.400PBWPIPA0.0038
EDL2.170ST10.062ST20.180
ST30.180ST40.180ST50.300
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders2Rotating mastNo
P14.440IG14.890ISP14.930MDT10.110MDL10.202MDT20.110MDL20.163TL0.000MW0.202GO0.224
E5.250J4.100BAS1.619FSDFoilSFJ0.000SPL4.294WPLTPS0.000BD0.000MWT170.50MCG5.470
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodVCG entered directlyVCG entered0.233Flotation Date01/01/2015
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
VentoNOR 11800
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment999-2006011914250.200.001.983.384.4145.5119/01/2006IMS 2005329-2010042023550.180.001.983.384.4145.4920/04/2010
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment267-2006012122370.000.000.000.000.004.3114.96NoNo 32.8221/01/2006KOPI: ORC dokument ved bjorn@od.northsails.com
SYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLAreaMeas.DateComment999-20060119142614.6514.6514.650.000.0094.3619/01/2006IMS 2005
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length11.3 mTable area0.55 m²Headroom1.78 mMinimum number of berths5Personal gear stowage0.20 m³Fresh water capacity133 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit5Food stowage0.30 m³Fuel capacity76 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.