Club Certificate2025
RuffenNOR 8806
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles42.7°42.7°40.4°39.3°38.9°38.7°38.8°39.3°40.7°
Beat VMG2.223.033.644.044.224.294.314.294.18
52°3.434.575.345.785.986.066.096.116.07
60°3.614.795.545.936.136.226.266.306.28
75°3.714.915.676.056.286.436.516.596.62
90°3.574.805.656.126.356.506.666.856.94
110°3.514.795.726.206.506.756.937.157.29
120°3.364.625.576.136.466.726.987.407.66
135°2.984.165.135.856.276.576.857.397.98
150°2.503.594.585.385.966.326.607.127.69
Run VMG2.163.113.974.705.345.846.206.727.21
Gybe Angles148.3°148.3°152.5°156.4°163.1°170.2°177.7°178.6°178.4°
APH ToD:658.2CDL: 6.696APH ToT: 0.9116CertNo:6414
BOAT
ClassCUMULUSDesignerPeterNorlinBuilderAlbinAge date01/1979Series date01/1968Offset fileALBCUM.OFFData file6414
HULL
Length Overall8.640 mMaximum Beam2.856 mDraft1.739 mDisplacement3,596 kgDLR9.5615IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.580%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationPIPA entered directlyTypeN/APIPA0.0010
CREW
Maximum weight432 kg(default)Minimum weight302 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail19.4519.77Headsail Luffed25.6225.62Headsail FlyingSymmetric49.6749.67Asymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail5.62Storm Jib5.84Heavy Weather Jib15.75
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
RuffenNOR 8806
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1620.41187.7989.4892.1852.7839.9834.8838.5862.1
52°1049.9787.1673.6622.7601.8594.5591.2588.9593.0
60°996.3752.1649.7607.0587.1578.7575.1571.3573.1
75°971.4733.6634.5594.6573.2560.1553.0546.0543.7
90°1007.3749.5636.9588.0567.0554.0540.4525.6518.6
110°1025.8751.0629.0580.2553.6533.3519.1503.3494.1
120°1072.3779.2645.8586.8557.7535.5515.9486.3470.3
135°1206.3865.0701.9615.1574.4548.0525.6486.9450.9
150°1441.51001.7786.7668.8603.8569.8545.6505.3468.2
Run VMG1668.81156.6906.2765.3673.7617.0580.9535.6499.6
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1642.51172.2947.8828.7763.2728.4707.9687.1680.9
All purpose1254.9911.8752.9674.5635.0613.8599.8582.8575.0
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward798.90.7510
All purpose658.20.9116
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.30.7209
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium652.70.9193
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High597.01.0051
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1059.90.5661
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium791.80.7578
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High705.20.8508
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance713.00.8415
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.30.7209
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium652.70.9193
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High597.01.0051
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1059.90.5661
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium791.80.7578
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High705.20.8508
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1740.31170.6894.2753.0675.9636.8606.2557.4547.5
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.6527
Downwind "popa"0.8022
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.6913
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.7506
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.30.7209
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium652.70.9193
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High597.01.0051
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1059.90.5661
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium791.80.7578
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High705.20.8508
Predominantly Upwind711.10.8437
Predominantly Downwind664.70.9026
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low832.40.7209
Triple Number AP Medium652.80.9192
Triple Number AP High596.91.0051
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1106.50.5422
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium791.80.7578
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High705.20.8508
Single Number Predominant Upwind739.50.8114
Single Number Predominant Reaching658.10.9118
Single Number Predominant Downwind695.30.8630
Predominant Upwind - Low994.80.6031
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med770.50.7787
Predominant Upwind - Medium689.80.8699
Predominant Upwind - Med/High655.80.9149
Predominant Upwind - High645.70.9293
Predominant Downwind Low1008.60.5949
Predominant Downwind Low/Med748.70.8014
Predominant Downwind Medium641.60.9351
Predominant Downwind Med/High580.61.0334
Predominant Downwind High548.91.0931
Predominant Reaching Low899.10.6673
Predominant Reaching Low/Med692.20.8667
Predominant Reaching Medium614.90.9757
Predominant Reaching Med/High574.31.0447
Predominant Reaching High553.21.0845
SA/DSPL Upwind19.12SA/DSPL Downwind29.32
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1234.20.4862
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med911.60.6582
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium779.10.7702
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High712.50.8421
5-Band Windward/Leeward High689.60.8701
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1236.60.4852
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med922.10.6507
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium796.60.7532
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High737.50.8135
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High720.10.8333
5-Band AP Low921.10.6514
5-Band AP Low/Med731.30.8205
5-Band AP Medium644.90.9304
5-Band AP Med/High602.30.9962
5-Band AP High584.41.0266
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1067.20.5622
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med874.70.6859
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium756.70.7929
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High700.20.8569
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High680.20.8821
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.7899
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8144
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.8344
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6033
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6077
Harvest Moon Regatta577.81.0385
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance713.00.8415
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.30.7209
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium652.70.9193
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High597.01.0051
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1059.90.5661
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium791.80.7578
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High705.20.8508
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1740.31170.6894.2753.0675.9636.8606.2557.4547.5
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance713.00.8415
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.30.7209
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium652.70.9193
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High597.01.0051
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1059.90.5661
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium791.80.7578
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High705.20.8508
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1740.31170.6894.2753.0675.9636.8606.2557.4547.5
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance713.0
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1740.31170.6894.2753.0675.9636.8606.2557.4547.5
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.30.7209
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium652.70.9193
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High597.01.0051
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1059.90.5661
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium791.80.7578
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High705.20.8508
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating713.00.8415
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1214.90.8231
FinRating, kova tuuli589.00.8489
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.30.7209
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium652.70.9193
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High597.01.0051
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1059.90.5661
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium791.80.7578
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High705.20.8508
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.8415
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7209
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9193
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0051
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5661
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7578
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8508
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1740.31170.6894.2753.0675.9636.8606.2557.4547.5
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)735.6
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance713.00.8415
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.30.7209
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium652.70.9193
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High597.01.0051
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1059.90.5661
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium791.80.7578
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High705.20.8508
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1740.31170.6894.2753.0675.9636.8606.2557.4547.5
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.30.7209
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium652.70.9193
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High597.01.0051
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1059.90.5661
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium791.80.7578
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High705.20.8508
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance713.00.8415
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.30.7209
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium652.70.9193
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High597.01.0051
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1059.90.5661
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium791.80.7578
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High705.20.8508
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1740.31170.6894.2753.0675.9636.8606.2557.4547.5
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance713.00.8415
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.30.7209
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium652.70.9193
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High597.01.0051
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1059.90.5661
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium791.80.7578
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High705.20.8508
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1740.31170.6894.2753.0675.9636.8606.2557.4547.5
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.3
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium652.7
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High597.0
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1059.9
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium791.8
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High705.2
Predominantly Upwind711.1
Predominantly Downwind664.7
Predominantly Reaching641.4
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance713.00.8415
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.30.7209
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium652.70.9193
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High597.01.0051
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1059.90.5661
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium791.80.7578
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High705.20.8508
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1740.31170.6894.2753.0675.9636.8606.2557.4547.5
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7209
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9193
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0051
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5661
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7578
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8508
Coastal/Long Distance0.8415
Predominantly Upwind0.8437
Predominantly Downwind0.9026
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)735.6
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)0.9116
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.7209
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind0.9193
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.0051
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.5661
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.7578
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind0.8508
Motvind Singeltall0.8437
Medvind Singeltall0.9026
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.30.7209
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium652.70.9193
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High597.01.0051
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1059.90.5661
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium791.80.7578
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High705.20.8508
Coastal/Long Distance713.00.8415
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind711.10.8437
Predominantly Downwind664.70.9026
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore682.70.8788
Cape Doctor Coastal577.41.0392
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.30.7209
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium652.70.9193
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High597.01.0051
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1059.90.5661
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium791.80.7578
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High705.20.8508
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7209
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9193
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0051
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5661
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7578
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8508
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7209
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9193
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0051
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5661
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7578
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8508
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance713.00.8415
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.30.7209
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium652.70.9193
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High597.01.0051
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1059.90.5661
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium791.80.7578
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High705.20.8508
Predominantly Upwind711.10.8437
Predominantly Downwind664.70.9026
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1740.31170.6894.2753.0675.9636.8606.2557.4547.5
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance713.00.8415
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.30.7209
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium652.70.9193
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High597.01.0051
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1059.90.5661
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium791.80.7578
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High705.20.8508
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1740.31170.6894.2753.0675.9636.8606.2557.4547.5
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low832.40.7209
Triple Number AP Medium652.80.9192
Triple Number AP High596.91.0051
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1106.50.5422
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium791.80.7578
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High705.20.8508
Single Number Predominant Upwind739.50.8114
Single Number Predominant Reaching658.10.9118
Single Number Predominant Downwind695.30.8630
Predominant Upwind - Low994.80.6031
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med770.50.7787
Predominant Upwind - Medium689.80.8699
Predominant Upwind - Med/High655.80.9149
Predominant Upwind - High645.70.9293
Predominant Downwind Low1008.60.5949
Predominant Downwind Low/Med748.70.8014
Predominant Downwind Medium641.60.9351
Predominant Downwind Med/High580.61.0334
Predominant Downwind High548.91.0931
Predominant Reaching Low899.10.6673
Predominant Reaching Low/Med692.20.8667
Predominant Reaching Medium614.90.9757
Predominant Reaching Med/High574.31.0447
Predominant Reaching High553.21.0845
SA/DSPL Upwind19.12SA/DSPL Downwind29.32
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1234.20.4862
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med911.60.6582
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium779.10.7702
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High712.50.8421
5-Band Windward/Leeward High689.60.8701
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1236.60.4852
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med922.10.6507
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium796.60.7532
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High737.50.8135
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High720.10.8333
5-Band AP Low921.10.6514
5-Band AP Low/Med731.30.8205
5-Band AP Medium644.90.9304
5-Band AP Med/High602.30.9962
5-Band AP High584.41.0266
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1067.20.5622
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med874.70.6859
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium756.70.7929
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High700.20.8569
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High680.20.8821
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.7899
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8144
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.8344
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6033
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6077
Harvest Moon Regatta577.81.0385
Club Certificate2025
RuffenNOR 8806
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassCUMULUSMeasurementHINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA8.640Max. Beam2.856Draft1.739Displacement3,596Wetted area17.52IMS L7.258LSM07.218Acc. length8.640Sink (kg/mm) 11.64
VCGD0.000VCGM0.026RM Rated (kg·m) 45.9Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight432Declared crew weightN/A
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeEnter PIPA directly
Hydro generatorNo
PIPA0.0010
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders1Rotating mastNo
P10.700IG10.800ISP10.885MDT10.120MDL10.170MDT20.000MDL20.000TL0.000MW0.000GO0.000
E3.000J3.300BAS1.300FSDFoilSFJ0.000SPL3.460WPLTPS0.000BD0.000MWT0.00MCG0.000
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodVCG entered directlyVCG entered0.000Flotation Date01/01/2015
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
RuffenNOR 8806
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment990-2021051914370.120.661.201.982.5319.4502/01/2021
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment990-2022060317250.060.561.122.333.644.9410.67NoNo 25.6230/05/2022417-2021012714450.060.571.122.313.534.8810.52NoNo 24.8627/01/2021990-2021081711070.050.500.961.812.643.4410.68YesNo 19.0213/07/2021417-2021012714530.060.380.781.512.403.3910.28NoNo 16.5327/01/2021
SYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLAreaMeas.DateComment417-20210127145410.4610.4610.465.745.5349.6727/01/2021
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length8.6 mTable area0.33 m²Headroom1.55 mMinimum number of berths3Personal gear stowage0.12 m³Fresh water capacity39 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit3Food stowage0.18 m³Fuel capacity22 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.