Double HandedClub Certificate2025
RuffenNOR 8806
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles41.9°41.9°40.1°40.0°40.5°40.8°41.1°42.1°44.4°
Beat VMG2.273.053.593.863.963.993.993.923.71
52°3.454.565.265.625.785.845.855.835.68
60°3.624.765.475.815.976.046.076.086.00
75°3.734.915.635.986.176.296.356.426.42
90°3.644.835.606.026.266.426.546.706.78
110°3.554.815.706.166.436.636.756.936.95
120°3.394.655.596.136.446.686.907.207.38
135°3.014.195.175.886.296.596.877.397.92
150°2.523.624.615.425.996.346.637.197.77
Run VMG2.173.134.004.735.375.866.226.767.27
Gybe Angles148.0°148.0°152.5°156.4°163.3°170.5°177.7°178.3°178.1°
APH ToD:672.6CDL: 6.290APH ToT: 0.8921CertNo:6414
BOAT
ClassCUMULUSDesignerPeterNorlinBuilderAlbinAge date01/1979Series date01/1968Offset fileALBCUM.OFFData file6414
HULL
Length Overall8.640 mMaximum Beam2.856 mDraft1.739 mDisplacement3,596 kgDLR9.5615IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.610%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationPIPA entered directlyTypeN/APIPA0.0010
CREW
Maximum weight170 kg(default)Minimum weight120 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail19.4519.77Headsail Luffed25.6225.62Headsail FlyingSymmetric49.6749.67Asymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail5.62Storm Jib5.84Heavy Weather Jib15.75
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
RuffenNOR 8806
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1589.21181.01003.8933.4909.2901.3902.0919.3971.4
52°1043.6789.8684.0640.3622.7616.9615.1617.6634.0
60°994.5755.9658.4619.7602.5595.9593.0591.9599.7
75°964.1733.6639.7601.7583.5572.5566.8560.9560.4
90°989.4745.7642.6598.0575.4560.9550.4537.7531.1
110°1015.1748.3631.1584.2559.8542.7532.9519.2518.2
120°1062.3774.1643.7587.3559.2538.6521.6500.3487.6
135°1197.0858.3696.9612.2572.5546.0523.7487.3454.6
150°1429.7994.5781.6664.5601.2567.5542.7500.9463.3
Run VMG1655.31148.4900.4760.4670.0614.3578.8532.4495.1
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1619.31164.7952.1846.9789.6757.8740.4725.8733.3
All purpose1239.4907.5756.9686.4651.4632.0620.4607.9609.1
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward821.60.7303
All purpose672.60.8921
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.20.7210
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium667.00.8996
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High618.60.9699
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1058.40.5669
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium814.30.7368
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High739.30.8116
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance728.40.8237
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.20.7210
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium667.00.8996
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High618.60.9699
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1058.40.5669
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium814.30.7368
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High739.30.8116
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1714.01163.1898.0767.8695.2655.9625.1575.8571.0
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.6222
Downwind "popa"0.8070
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.6681
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.7410
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.20.7210
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium667.00.8996
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High618.60.9699
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1058.40.5669
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium814.30.7368
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High739.30.8116
Predominantly Upwind732.50.8191
Predominantly Downwind669.00.8969
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low832.20.7210
Triple Number AP Medium667.10.8995
Triple Number AP High618.60.9699
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1104.30.5433
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium814.30.7368
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High739.30.8116
Single Number Predominant Upwind760.60.7888
Single Number Predominant Reaching666.30.9005
Single Number Predominant Downwind699.50.8578
Predominant Upwind - Low991.00.6055
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med783.80.7655
Predominant Upwind - Medium713.90.8405
Predominant Upwind - Med/High686.70.8737
Predominant Upwind - High684.10.8771
Predominant Downwind Low1002.30.5986
Predominant Downwind Low/Med750.10.7999
Predominant Downwind Medium647.20.9271
Predominant Downwind Med/High588.81.0190
Predominant Downwind High559.81.0718
Predominant Reaching Low894.40.6708
Predominant Reaching Low/Med697.60.8601
Predominant Reaching Medium624.90.9602
Predominant Reaching Med/High587.11.0220
Predominant Reaching High569.71.0532
SA/DSPL Upwind19.12SA/DSPL Downwind29.32
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1225.90.4894
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med922.30.6505
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium803.20.7470
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High745.00.8054
5-Band Windward/Leeward High729.60.8223
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1228.50.4884
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med936.10.6410
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium826.40.7261
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High777.10.7721
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High768.80.7805
5-Band AP Low917.10.6542
5-Band AP Low/Med738.60.8123
5-Band AP Medium660.10.9089
5-Band AP Med/High622.90.9633
5-Band AP High610.30.9831
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1062.90.5645
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med885.90.6772
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium781.40.7679
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High733.10.8184
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High721.10.8320
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.7702
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8020
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.8304
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6023
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6067
Harvest Moon Regatta584.31.0269
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance728.40.8237
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.20.7210
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium667.00.8996
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High618.60.9699
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1058.40.5669
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium814.30.7368
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High739.30.8116
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1714.01163.1898.0767.8695.2655.9625.1575.8571.0
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance728.40.8237
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.20.7210
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium667.00.8996
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High618.60.9699
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1058.40.5669
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium814.30.7368
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High739.30.8116
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1714.01163.1898.0767.8695.2655.9625.1575.8571.0
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance728.4
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1714.01163.1898.0767.8695.2655.9625.1575.8571.0
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.20.7210
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium667.00.8996
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High618.60.9699
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1058.40.5669
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium814.30.7368
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High739.30.8116
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating728.40.8237
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1205.90.8293
FinRating, kova tuuli614.40.8137
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.20.7210
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium667.00.8996
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High618.60.9699
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1058.40.5669
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium814.30.7368
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High739.30.8116
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.8237
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7210
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.8996
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High0.9699
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5669
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7368
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8116
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1714.01163.1898.0767.8695.2655.9625.1575.8571.0
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)747.4
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance728.40.8237
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.20.7210
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium667.00.8996
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High618.60.9699
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1058.40.5669
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium814.30.7368
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High739.30.8116
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1714.01163.1898.0767.8695.2655.9625.1575.8571.0
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.20.7210
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium667.00.8996
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High618.60.9699
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1058.40.5669
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium814.30.7368
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High739.30.8116
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance728.40.8237
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.20.7210
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium667.00.8996
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High618.60.9699
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1058.40.5669
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium814.30.7368
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High739.30.8116
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1714.01163.1898.0767.8695.2655.9625.1575.8571.0
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance728.40.8237
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.20.7210
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium667.00.8996
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High618.60.9699
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1058.40.5669
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium814.30.7368
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High739.30.8116
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1714.01163.1898.0767.8695.2655.9625.1575.8571.0
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.2
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium667.0
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High618.6
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1058.4
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium814.3
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High739.3
Predominantly Upwind732.5
Predominantly Downwind669.0
Predominantly Reaching647.9
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance728.40.8237
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.20.7210
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium667.00.8996
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High618.60.9699
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1058.40.5669
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium814.30.7368
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High739.30.8116
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1714.01163.1898.0767.8695.2655.9625.1575.8571.0
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7210
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.8996
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High0.9699
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5669
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7368
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8116
Coastal/Long Distance0.8237
Predominantly Upwind0.8191
Predominantly Downwind0.8969
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)747.4
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)0.8921
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.7210
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind0.8996
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind0.9699
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.5669
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.7368
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind0.8116
Motvind Singeltall0.8191
Medvind Singeltall0.8969
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.20.7210
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium667.00.8996
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High618.60.9699
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1058.40.5669
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium814.30.7368
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High739.30.8116
Coastal/Long Distance728.40.8237
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind732.50.8191
Predominantly Downwind669.00.8969
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore731.00.8208
Cape Doctor Coastal608.80.9856
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.20.7210
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium667.00.8996
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High618.60.9699
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1058.40.5669
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium814.30.7368
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High739.30.8116
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7210
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.8996
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High0.9699
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5669
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7368
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8116
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7210
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.8996
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High0.9699
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5669
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7368
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8116
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance728.40.8237
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.20.7210
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium667.00.8996
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High618.60.9699
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1058.40.5669
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium814.30.7368
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High739.30.8116
Predominantly Upwind732.50.8191
Predominantly Downwind669.00.8969
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1714.01163.1898.0767.8695.2655.9625.1575.8571.0
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance728.40.8237
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low832.20.7210
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium667.00.8996
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High618.60.9699
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1058.40.5669
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium814.30.7368
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High739.30.8116
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1714.01163.1898.0767.8695.2655.9625.1575.8571.0
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low832.20.7210
Triple Number AP Medium667.10.8995
Triple Number AP High618.60.9699
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1104.30.5433
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium814.30.7368
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High739.30.8116
Single Number Predominant Upwind760.60.7888
Single Number Predominant Reaching666.30.9005
Single Number Predominant Downwind699.50.8578
Predominant Upwind - Low991.00.6055
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med783.80.7655
Predominant Upwind - Medium713.90.8405
Predominant Upwind - Med/High686.70.8737
Predominant Upwind - High684.10.8771
Predominant Downwind Low1002.30.5986
Predominant Downwind Low/Med750.10.7999
Predominant Downwind Medium647.20.9271
Predominant Downwind Med/High588.81.0190
Predominant Downwind High559.81.0718
Predominant Reaching Low894.40.6708
Predominant Reaching Low/Med697.60.8601
Predominant Reaching Medium624.90.9602
Predominant Reaching Med/High587.11.0220
Predominant Reaching High569.71.0532
SA/DSPL Upwind19.12SA/DSPL Downwind29.32
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1225.90.4894
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med922.30.6505
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium803.20.7470
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High745.00.8054
5-Band Windward/Leeward High729.60.8223
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1228.50.4884
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med936.10.6410
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium826.40.7261
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High777.10.7721
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High768.80.7805
5-Band AP Low917.10.6542
5-Band AP Low/Med738.60.8123
5-Band AP Medium660.10.9089
5-Band AP Med/High622.90.9633
5-Band AP High610.30.9831
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1062.90.5645
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med885.90.6772
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium781.40.7679
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High733.10.8184
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High721.10.8320
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.7702
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8020
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.8304
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6023
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6067
Harvest Moon Regatta584.31.0269
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
RuffenNOR 8806
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassCUMULUSMeasurementHINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA8.640Max. Beam2.856Draft1.739Displacement3,596Wetted area17.52IMS L7.184LSM07.218Acc. length8.640Sink (kg/mm) 11.64
VCGD0.000VCGM0.026RM Rated (kg·m) 45.9Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight170Declared crew weightN/A
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeEnter PIPA directly
Hydro generatorNo
PIPA0.0010
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders1Rotating mastNo
P10.700IG10.800ISP10.885MDT10.120MDL10.170MDT20.000MDL20.000TL0.000MW0.000GO0.000
E3.000J3.300BAS1.300FSDFoilSFJ0.000SPL3.460WPLTPS0.000BD0.000MWT0.00MCG0.000
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodVCG entered directlyVCG entered0.000Flotation Date01/01/2015
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
RuffenNOR 8806
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment990-2021051914370.120.661.201.982.5319.4502/01/2021
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment990-2022060317250.060.561.122.333.644.9410.67NoNo 25.6230/05/2022417-2021012714450.060.571.122.313.534.8810.52NoNo 24.8627/01/2021990-2021081711070.050.500.961.812.643.4410.68YesNo 19.0213/07/2021417-2021012714530.060.380.781.512.403.3910.28NoNo 16.5327/01/2021
SYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLAreaMeas.DateComment417-20210127145410.4610.4610.465.745.5349.6727/01/2021
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length8.6 mTable area0.33 m²Headroom1.55 mMinimum number of berths3Personal gear stowage0.12 m³Fresh water capacity39 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit3Food stowage0.18 m³Fuel capacity22 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.