Club
Certificate
2024

Boat

CUATRO VIENTOS

ESP-9792_C

RFEV
c/ Gamazo sn
39004 Santander – España
crucero@rfev.es
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles44.3°42.3°41.0°40.7°40.4°40.5°41.1°42.7°
Beat VMG2.823.504.004.354.544.604.604.42
52°4.345.275.956.416.656.756.786.67
60°4.615.546.226.666.897.017.077.00
75°4.805.766.456.887.137.297.457.47
90°5.226.266.857.087.237.427.757.93
110°5.356.477.097.447.707.878.168.34
120°5.186.337.047.457.808.128.548.86
135°4.665.836.707.237.627.998.749.65
150°3.965.065.966.627.027.327.888.46
Run VMG3.434.385.175.736.086.557.297.84
Gybe Angles144.4°146.9°147.2°148.1°149.8°171.8°176.3°176.3°
APH ToD:611.9CDL: 8.018APH ToT: 0.9805CertNo:979201
BOAT
ClassOCEANIS 343 CLIPPDesignerFINOTBuilderBENETEAUAge date01/2007Series date01/2007Offset fileoce343DK.offData fileE9792_C
HULL
Length Overall10.380 mMaximum Beam3.508 mDraft1.958 mDisplacement5,593 kgDLR6.5586IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.360%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationShaft non exposedTypeFeathering 3 bladesDiameter0.410m
CREW
Maximum weight320 kg(declared)Minimum weight190 kg * when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail26.8027.07Headsail Luffed20.1120.11Headsail FlyingSymmetricAsymmetric84.0184.01 (All asymmetric spinnakers with SHW/SFL > 85%)
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail8.58Storm Jib8.45Heavy Weather Jib22.80
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5 * Woven polyester sails  Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
COMMENTS
QUILLA DK
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.

Club
Certificate
2024

Boat

CUATRO VIENTOS

ESP-9792_C

RFEV
c/ Gamazo sn
39004 Santander – España
crucero@rfev.es
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1278.11028.2899.2827.2792.9782.1783.5813.8
52°829.1682.5605.1561.4541.4533.6530.7539.8
60°780.9649.3578.8540.7522.4513.8509.5514.0
75°750.3624.9558.0523.5504.8493.7483.4481.9
90°689.4575.1525.6508.2498.0485.1464.6454.1
110°673.4556.8507.9483.6467.6457.3441.2431.7
120°694.5568.6511.7483.3461.6443.6421.8406.3
135°771.8617.8537.1498.1472.7450.7411.8373.1
150°909.5712.1603.6543.9512.8491.6457.0425.3
Run VMG1050.2822.3697.0628.0592.1550.0493.8459.1
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1164.2925.2798.1727.6692.5666.1638.6636.5
All purpose890.7719.8632.3586.0561.5545.1526.6521.0
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward765.70.7836
All purpose611.90.9805
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low805.30.7451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium606.50.9893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High542.31.1065
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1044.80.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium758.80.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High662.40.9058
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance667.90.8983
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low805.30.7451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium606.50.9893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High542.31.1065
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1044.80.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium758.80.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High662.40.9058
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1152.8865.4715.2628.4583.6549.4499.2490.7
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.6571
Downwind "popa"0.8690
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.7090
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.7923
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low805.30.7451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium606.50.9893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High542.31.1065
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1044.80.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium758.80.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High662.40.9058
Predominantly Upwind674.90.8890
Predominantly Downwind608.70.9858
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Predominant Upwind674.50.8896
Predominant Reaching584.81.0260
Predominant Downwind584.81.0260
Predominant Upwind - Low921.90.6508
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med753.50.7963
Predominant Upwind - Medium649.80.9233
Predominant Upwind - Med/High601.50.9974
Predominant Upwind - High588.51.0195
Predominant Reaching Low779.20.7700
Predominant Reaching Low/Med641.40.9355
Predominant Reaching Medium559.01.0733
Predominant Reaching Med/High515.11.1648
Predominant Reaching High491.31.2213
Predominant Downwind Low779.20.7700
Predominant Downwind Low/Med689.00.8708
Predominant Downwind Medium585.71.0244
Predominant Downwind Med/High526.01.1408
Predominant Downwind High490.91.2224
Harvest Moon Regatta523.11.1470
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8693
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9148
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9687
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.8402
Bayview-Mac Shore0.8415
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1109.90.5406
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med886.40.6769
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium744.90.8055
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High671.10.8940
5-Band Windward/Leeward High643.00.9331
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1044.80.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium758.80.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High662.40.9058
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1132.20.5299
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med907.10.6614
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium765.20.7841
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High694.50.8639
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High672.10.8927
5-Band AP Low851.90.7043
5-Band AP Low/Med694.40.8641
5-Band AP Medium597.31.0045
5-Band AP Med/High548.21.0945
5-Band AP High528.81.1346
Triple Number AP Low805.20.7451
Triple Number AP Medium606.50.9892
Triple Number AP High542.31.1065
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1059.70.5662
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med850.00.7059
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium718.10.8355
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High651.90.9204
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High628.80.9542
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance667.90.8983
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low805.30.7451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium606.50.9893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High542.31.1065
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1044.80.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium758.80.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High662.40.9058
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1152.8865.4715.2628.4583.6549.4499.2490.7
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance667.90.8983
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low805.30.7451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium606.50.9893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High542.31.1065
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1044.80.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium758.80.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High662.40.9058
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1152.8865.4715.2628.4583.6549.4499.2490.7
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance667.9
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1152.8865.4715.2628.4583.6549.4499.2490.7
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low805.30.7451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium606.50.9893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High542.31.1065
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1044.80.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium758.80.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High662.40.9058
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating (Coastal/Long Distance)667.90.8983
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low805.30.7451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium606.50.9893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High542.31.1065
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1044.80.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium758.80.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High662.40.9058
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1152.8865.4715.2628.4583.6549.4499.2490.7
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low805.30.7451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium606.50.9893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High542.31.1065
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1044.80.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium758.80.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High662.40.9058
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1065
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9058
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1152.8865.4715.2628.4583.6549.4499.2490.7
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance667.90.8983
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low805.30.7451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium606.50.9893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High542.31.1065
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1044.80.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium758.80.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High662.40.9058
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1152.8865.4715.2628.4583.6549.4499.2490.7
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low805.30.7451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium606.50.9893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High542.31.1065
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1044.80.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium758.80.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High662.40.9058
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance667.90.8983
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low805.30.7451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium606.50.9893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High542.31.1065
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1044.80.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium758.80.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High662.40.9058
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1152.8865.4715.2628.4583.6549.4499.2490.7
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance667.90.8983
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low805.30.7451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium606.50.9893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High542.31.1065
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1044.80.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium758.80.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High662.40.9058
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1152.8865.4715.2628.4583.6549.4499.2490.7
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low805.3
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium606.5
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High542.3
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1044.8
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium758.8
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High662.4
Predominantly Upwind674.9
Predominantly Downwind608.7
Predominantly Reaching584.8
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance667.90.8983
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low805.30.7451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium606.50.9893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High542.31.1065
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1044.80.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium758.80.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High662.40.9058
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1152.8865.4715.2628.4583.6549.4499.2490.7
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1065
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9058
Coastal/Long Distance0.8983
Predominantly Upwind0.8890
Predominantly Downwind0.9858
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)690.7
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Tretall Distanseseilas Lite vind0.7451
Tretall Distanseseilas Mellomvind0.9893
Tretall Distanseseilas Mye vind1.1065
Tretall Pølsebane Lite vind0.5743
Tretall Pølsebane Mellomvind0.7907
Tretall Pølsebane Mye vind0.9058
Distanseseilas ett tall (OSN 8-16kn)0.8983
Distanseseilas ett tall (APH 6-20kn)0.9805
Enkeltall Motvind0.8890
Enkeltall Medvind0.9858
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low805.30.7451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium606.50.9893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High542.31.1065
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1044.80.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium758.80.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High662.40.9058
Coastal/Long Distance667.90.8983
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind674.90.8890
Predominantly Downwind608.70.9858
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore637.10.9417
Cape Doctor Coastal522.71.1480
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low805.30.7451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium606.50.9893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High542.31.1065
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1044.80.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium758.80.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High662.40.9058
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1065
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9058
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1065
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9058
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance667.90.8983
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low805.30.7451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium606.50.9893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High542.31.1065
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1044.80.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium758.80.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High662.40.9058
Predominantly Upwind674.90.8890
Predominantly Downwind608.70.9858
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1152.8865.4715.2628.4583.6549.4499.2490.7
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance667.90.8983
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low805.30.7451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium606.50.9893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High542.31.1065
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1044.80.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium758.80.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High662.40.9058
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1152.8865.4715.2628.4583.6549.4499.2490.7
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Predominant Upwind674.50.8896
Predominant Reaching584.81.0260
Predominant Downwind584.81.0260
Predominant Upwind - Low921.90.6508
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med753.50.7963
Predominant Upwind - Medium649.80.9233
Predominant Upwind - Med/High601.50.9974
Predominant Upwind - High588.51.0195
Predominant Reaching Low779.20.7700
Predominant Reaching Low/Med641.40.9355
Predominant Reaching Medium559.01.0733
Predominant Reaching Med/High515.11.1648
Predominant Reaching High491.31.2213
Predominant Downwind Low779.20.7700
Predominant Downwind Low/Med689.00.8708
Predominant Downwind Medium585.71.0244
Predominant Downwind Med/High526.01.1408
Predominant Downwind High490.91.2224
Harvest Moon Regatta523.11.1470
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8693
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9148
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9687
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.8402
Bayview-Mac Shore0.8415
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1109.90.5406
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med886.40.6769
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium744.90.8055
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High671.10.8940
5-Band Windward/Leeward High643.00.9331
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1044.80.5743
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium758.80.7907
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High662.40.9058
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1132.20.5299
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med907.10.6614
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium765.20.7841
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High694.50.8639
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High672.10.8927
5-Band AP Low851.90.7043
5-Band AP Low/Med694.40.8641
5-Band AP Medium597.31.0045
5-Band AP Med/High548.21.0945
5-Band AP High528.81.1346
Triple Number AP Low805.20.7451
Triple Number AP Medium606.50.9892
Triple Number AP High542.31.1065
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1059.70.5662
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med850.00.7059
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium718.10.8355
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High651.90.9204
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High628.80.9542

Club
Certificate
2024

Boat

CUATRO VIENTOS

ESP-9792_C

RFEV
c/ Gamazo sn
39004 Santander – España
crucero@rfev.es
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassOCEANIS 343 CLIPPMeasurementHINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon RudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA10.380Max. Beam3.508Draft1.958Displacement5,593Wetted area24.51IMS L9.519LSM09.482Acc. length10.415Sink (kg/mm) 18.30
VCGD0.203VCGM0.221RM Rated (kg·m) 88.5Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight638Declared crew weight320
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFeathering 3 blades
InstallationShaft non exposedTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.410PBWPIPA0.0028
PSD0.030PHD0.100PHL0.150
PSA22.0°ESL0.100
RIG
Forestay tensionFixedInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunners/Checkstays0Spreaders2Rotating mastNo
P11.900IG12.960ISP13.080MDT10.114MDL10.200MDT20.114MDL20.200TL0.000MW0.200GO0.210
E4.120J3.900BAS1.660FSD0.035SFJ0.100SPLWPLTPS4.600BD0.180MWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM entered directlyRM entered90.0Flotation Date01/01/2010
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible

Club
Certificate
2024

Boat

CUATRO VIENTOS

ESP-9792_C

RFEV
c/ Gamazo sn
39004 Santander – España
crucero@rfev.es
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment0010.100.681.272.353.2826.8020/03/2014
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment0020.060.440.811.582.443.3712.25YesNo 20.1104/02/2016
ASYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLRatioAreaMeas.DateComment00314.4012.7613.587.337.8094%84.0106/02/2024
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length10.4 mTable area0.44 m²Headroom1.73 mMinimum number of berths4Personal gear stowage0.16 m³Fresh water capacity88 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit 4 Food stowage0.24 m³Fuel capacity58 l
*This list refers to the calculated requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for the complete list of requirements.