Club Certificate2025
MARAESP-10839_C
RFEV
c/ Gamazo sn
39004 Santander – España
crucero@rfev.es
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles47.3°47.3°45.9°44.5°43.6°43.0°42.6°43.4°45.5°
Beat VMG1.792.553.213.684.044.324.504.524.31
52°2.884.055.015.666.146.506.726.832.15
60°3.154.375.325.986.456.786.997.157.11
75°3.324.575.546.276.717.037.257.557.65
90°3.655.036.106.827.237.477.617.828.06
110°3.735.176.297.007.427.788.128.628.92
120°3.625.026.136.897.357.738.108.849.50
135°3.184.495.616.487.067.467.838.599.48
150°2.623.804.875.756.466.977.327.948.58
Run VMG2.273.294.224.985.606.076.477.087.61
Gybe Angles144.4°144.4°147.1°148.3°149.8°153.7°158.8°163.3°161.9°
APH ToD:633.7CDL: 7.553APH ToT: 0.9468CertNo:108391
BOAT
ClassSun Odyssey 349 TRDesignerMarc LombardBuilderJeanneauAge date01/2014Series date01/2013Offset filesunodyssey349-SD.offData fileE10839_C
HULL
Length Overall9.970 mMaximum Beam3.440 mDraft1.472 mDisplacement5,715 kgDLR6.8821IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.430%Age Allowance0.390%
PROPELLER
InstallationShaft exposedTypeFolding 3 bladesDiameter0.400m
CREW
Maximum weight500 kg(declared)Minimum weight370 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail23.8523.67Headsail Luffed23.6023.60Headsail FlyingSymmetricAsymmetric76.2876.28 (All asymmetric spinnakers with SHW/SFL > 85%)
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail8.89Storm Jib8.28Heavy Weather Jib22.34
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5
✱ One set on the forestay
Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
MARAESP-10839_C
RFEV
c/ Gamazo sn
39004 Santander – España
crucero@rfev.es
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG2009.71409.41122.9979.1891.9833.0800.6797.1834.7
52°1251.7889.5719.2636.4585.9553.5535.3527.11674.1
60°1142.6824.4676.3602.5558.0531.1514.8503.4506.3
75°1083.4788.6649.9574.2536.1512.5496.8477.1470.8
90°985.9715.7590.2527.8497.9482.0473.2460.1446.7
110°964.5696.0571.9514.4485.1462.7443.5417.7403.4
120°995.6717.5587.1522.4489.8465.8444.2407.2378.9
135°1131.7801.4641.8555.3509.7482.5459.6418.9379.8
150°1371.8946.6739.2626.0557.2516.7491.8453.5419.7
Run VMG1583.91093.1853.5722.9643.4593.4556.6508.5473.2
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1796.71251.2988.2851.0767.7713.2678.6652.8653.9
All purpose1340.2947.0759.3663.0607.5572.0548.7526.6565.8
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward805.00.7453
All purpose633.70.9468
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low853.10.7033
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium629.80.9527
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High546.21.0984
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1119.80.5358
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium800.20.7498
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High677.60.8855
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance695.50.8627
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low853.10.7033
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium629.80.9527
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High546.21.0984
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1119.80.5358
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium800.20.7498
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High677.60.8855
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1886.81235.4920.2756.1654.6594.6552.4495.6483.4
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.6146
Downwind "popa"0.8448
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.6693
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.7595
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low853.10.7033
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium629.80.9527
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High546.21.0984
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1119.80.5358
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium800.20.7498
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High677.60.8855
Predominantly Upwind705.90.8500
Predominantly Downwind627.50.9561
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
TriNum AP Low853.20.7033
TriNum AP Med629.90.9526
TriNum AP High546.21.0984
TriNum W/L Low1173.70.5112
TriNum W/L Med800.20.7498
TriNum W/L Hig677.60.8855
Predom. Upwind753.70.7961
Predom. Reaching625.90.9587
Predom. Downwind661.40.9071
Predom. Up Low1093.00.5490
Predom. Up L/M800.70.7493
Predom. Up Med678.80.8839
Predom. Up M/H611.10.9818
Predom. Up High660.50.9084
Predom. Dn Low991.80.6050
Predom. Dn L/M717.80.8358
Predom. Dn Med601.40.9976
Predom. Dn M/H532.31.1272
Predom. Dn High519.31.1555
Predom. Rc Low902.30.6650
Predom. Rc L/M666.60.9001
Predom. Rc Med570.21.0522
Predom. Rc M/H516.81.1610
Predom. Rc High528.21.1359
SA/DSPL Upwind14.76SA/DSPL Downwind31.14
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5B W/L Low1321.90.4539
5B W/L L/M946.00.6342
5B W/L Med783.30.7660
5B W/L M/H687.70.8725
5B W/L High657.40.9126
W/L 60-40 Low1355.10.4428
W/L 60-40 L/M972.90.6167
W/L 60-40 Med808.30.7423
W/L 60-40 M/H712.80.8418
W/L 60-40 High686.80.8736
5B AP Low935.90.6411
5B AP L/M730.60.8213
5B AP Med618.50.9701
5B AP M/H553.91.0833
5B AP High537.21.1169
5B SF Bay Low1138.90.5268
5B SF Bay L/M907.80.6609
5B SF Bay Med755.70.7939
5B SF Bay M/H667.40.8991
5B SF Bay High643.10.9330
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.7691
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8233
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.8734
BayMac Cove Island1030.90.5820
BayMac Shore1025.10.5853
Harvest Moon527.61.1372
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance695.50.8627
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low853.10.7033
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium629.80.9527
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High546.21.0984
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1119.80.5358
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium800.20.7498
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High677.60.8855
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1886.81235.4920.2756.1654.6594.6552.4495.6483.4
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance695.50.8627
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low853.10.7033
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium629.80.9527
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High546.21.0984
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1119.80.5358
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium800.20.7498
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High677.60.8855
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1886.81235.4920.2756.1654.6594.6552.4495.6483.4
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance695.5
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1886.81235.4920.2756.1654.6594.6552.4495.6483.4
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low853.10.7033
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium629.80.9527
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High546.21.0984
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1119.80.5358
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium800.20.7498
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High677.60.8855
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating695.50.8627
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1288.80.7759
FinRating, kova tuuli532.10.9397
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low853.10.7033
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium629.80.9527
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High546.21.0984
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1119.80.5358
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium800.20.7498
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High677.60.8855
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.8627
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7033
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9527
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0984
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5358
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7498
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8855
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1886.81235.4920.2756.1654.6594.6552.4495.6483.4
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)719.3
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance695.50.8627
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low853.10.7033
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium629.80.9527
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High546.21.0984
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1119.80.5358
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium800.20.7498
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High677.60.8855
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1886.81235.4920.2756.1654.6594.6552.4495.6483.4
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low853.10.7033
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium629.80.9527
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High546.21.0984
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1119.80.5358
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium800.20.7498
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High677.60.8855
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance695.50.8627
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low853.10.7033
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium629.80.9527
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High546.21.0984
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1119.80.5358
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium800.20.7498
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High677.60.8855
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1886.81235.4920.2756.1654.6594.6552.4495.6483.4
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance695.50.8627
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low853.10.7033
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium629.80.9527
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High546.21.0984
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1119.80.5358
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium800.20.7498
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High677.60.8855
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1886.81235.4920.2756.1654.6594.6552.4495.6483.4
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low853.1
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium629.8
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High546.2
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1119.8
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium800.2
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High677.6
Predominantly Upwind705.9
Predominantly Downwind627.5
Predominantly Reaching599.7
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance695.50.8627
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low853.10.7033
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium629.80.9527
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High546.21.0984
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1119.80.5358
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium800.20.7498
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High677.60.8855
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1886.81235.4920.2756.1654.6594.6552.4495.6483.4
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7033
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9527
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0984
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5358
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7498
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8855
Coastal/Long Distance0.8627
Predominantly Upwind0.8500
Predominantly Downwind0.9561
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)719.3
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)0.9468
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.7033
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind0.9527
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.0984
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.5358
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.7498
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind0.8855
Motvind Singeltall0.8500
Medvind Singeltall0.9561
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low853.10.7033
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium629.80.9527
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High546.21.0984
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1119.80.5358
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium800.20.7498
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High677.60.8855
Coastal/Long Distance695.50.8627
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind705.90.8500
Predominantly Downwind627.50.9561
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore653.60.9180
Cape Doctor Coastal554.01.0830
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low853.10.7033
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium629.80.9527
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High546.21.0984
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1119.80.5358
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium800.20.7498
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High677.60.8855
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7033
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9527
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0984
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5358
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7498
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8855
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7033
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9527
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0984
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5358
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7498
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8855
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance695.50.8627
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low853.10.7033
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium629.80.9527
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High546.21.0984
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1119.80.5358
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium800.20.7498
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High677.60.8855
Predominantly Upwind705.90.8500
Predominantly Downwind627.50.9561
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1886.81235.4920.2756.1654.6594.6552.4495.6483.4
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance695.50.8627
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low853.10.7033
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium629.80.9527
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High546.21.0984
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1119.80.5358
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium800.20.7498
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High677.60.8855
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1886.81235.4920.2756.1654.6594.6552.4495.6483.4
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
TriNum AP Low853.20.7033
TriNum AP Med629.90.9526
TriNum AP High546.21.0984
TriNum W/L Low1173.70.5112
TriNum W/L Med800.20.7498
TriNum W/L Hig677.60.8855
Predom. Upwind753.70.7961
Predom. Reaching625.90.9587
Predom. Downwind661.40.9071
Predom. Up Low1093.00.5490
Predom. Up L/M800.70.7493
Predom. Up Med678.80.8839
Predom. Up M/H611.10.9818
Predom. Up High660.50.9084
Predom. Dn Low991.80.6050
Predom. Dn L/M717.80.8358
Predom. Dn Med601.40.9976
Predom. Dn M/H532.31.1272
Predom. Dn High519.31.1555
Predom. Rc Low902.30.6650
Predom. Rc L/M666.60.9001
Predom. Rc Med570.21.0522
Predom. Rc M/H516.81.1610
Predom. Rc High528.21.1359
SA/DSPL Upwind14.76SA/DSPL Downwind31.14
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5B W/L Low1321.90.4539
5B W/L L/M946.00.6342
5B W/L Med783.30.7660
5B W/L M/H687.70.8725
5B W/L High657.40.9126
W/L 60-40 Low1355.10.4428
W/L 60-40 L/M972.90.6167
W/L 60-40 Med808.30.7423
W/L 60-40 M/H712.80.8418
W/L 60-40 High686.80.8736
5B AP Low935.90.6411
5B AP L/M730.60.8213
5B AP Med618.50.9701
5B AP M/H553.91.0833
5B AP High537.21.1169
5B SF Bay Low1138.90.5268
5B SF Bay L/M907.80.6609
5B SF Bay Med755.70.7939
5B SF Bay M/H667.40.8991
5B SF Bay High643.10.9330
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.7691
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8233
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.8734
BayMac Cove Island1030.90.5820
BayMac Shore1025.10.5853
Harvest Moon527.61.1372
Club Certificate2025
MARAESP-10839_C
RFEV
c/ Gamazo sn
39004 Santander – España
crucero@rfev.es
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassSun Odyssey 349 TRMeasurement30/01/2021HINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA9.970Max. Beam3.440Draft1.472Displacement5,715Wetted area26.27IMS L9.499LSM09.399Acc. length9.972Sink (kg/mm) 19.31
VCGD0.165VCGM0.159RM Rated (kg·m) 109.1Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight630Declared crew weight500
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 3 blades
InstallationShaft exposedTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.400PBWPIPA0.0019
PSD0.025PHD0.025PHL0.060
PSA14.0°ESL0.930
ST10.020ST20.090ST30.080
ST40.050ST50.225
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerYesMainsail furlerIn mastArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0Checkstays0Spreaders2Rotating mastNo
P12.261IG12.760ISP13.220MDT10.095MDL10.180MDT20.095MDL20.180TL0.000MW0.180GO0.210
E4.140J3.740BAS1.410FSD0.035SFJ0.000SPLWPLTPS4.480BD0.150MWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM entered directlyRM entered109.9Flotation Date01/02/2023MeasurerESP-222-ESP-870CommentBoom Inclining
BALLAST
TANKS
IdDescriptionCapacityLCGVCGSp.WghtLevel
Sailing
1FUEL905.000.000.84002H2O1501.00003H2O CALIENTE304.500.001.0000
INVENTORY
IdDescriptionWeight SailingLCGVCGGAIdDescriptionWeight SailingLCGVCGGA12 Batt7.700.00    2Toldo con armazon9.002.00    3Spray hood7.101.20   
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
TANKSIdDescriptionSp.WghtCapacityConditionLCGVCG1FUELFuel90235.000.002H2OWater15003H2O CALIENTEWater30304.500.00Total deductible494.700.00
OTHER ITEMSIdKindDescriptionWeightLCGVCG1Battery2 Batt07.700.002ToolsToldo con armazon09.002.003ToolsSpray hood07.101.20Total deductible0
Club Certificate2025
MARAESP-10839_C
RFEV
c/ Gamazo sn
39004 Santander – España
crucero@rfev.es
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateCommentM10.060.430.881.872.9523.8529/12/202029122002
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateCommentEnr0.060.410.831.802.874.0612.42NoNo 23.6029/12/202029122003
ASYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLRatioAreaMeas.DateCommentA113.9212.4213.176.956.95100%76.2829/12/202029122001
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length10.0 mTable area0.44 m²Headroom1.70 mMinimum number of berths4Personal gear stowage0.16 m³Fresh water capacity80 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit4Food stowage0.24 m³Fuel capacity50 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.