Club Certificate2025
PASAYESP-4764_C
RFEV
c/ Gamazo sn
39004 Santander – España
crucero@rfev.es
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles44.4°44.4°41.9°40.5°39.6°39.0°38.8°38.8°39.4°
Beat VMG2.683.704.505.035.315.455.525.575.52
52°4.235.706.737.357.647.777.857.937.94
60°4.536.037.027.587.868.008.078.178.20
75°4.756.277.237.768.068.258.378.538.63
90°4.646.177.177.768.118.368.568.859.04
110°4.195.797.027.778.208.528.799.169.43
120°4.035.586.817.648.138.498.819.439.90
135°3.494.946.187.157.818.248.609.3310.20
150°2.844.145.346.377.237.828.238.949.72
Run VMG2.463.594.625.536.337.017.568.359.01
Gybe Angles144.2°144.2°148.7°152.3°156.3°163.3°169.3°178.1°178.1°
APH ToD:528.1CDL: 10.710APH ToT: 1.1361CertNo:476401
BOAT
ClassFIRST 45F5DesignerB. FARRBuilderBENETEAUAge date01/1991Series date05/1990Offset fileFirst45F5.offData fileE4764_C
HULL
Length Overall13.660 mMaximum Beam4.234 mDraft2.195 mDisplacement10,840 kgDLR7.3412IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.240%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationShaft exposedTypeFeathering 3 bladesDiameter0.534m
CREW
Maximum weight500 kg(declared)Minimum weight370 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail55.2556.12Headsail Luffed56.5256.52Headsail FlyingSymmetric107.65107.65Asymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail16.69Storm Jib13.67Heavy Weather Jib36.89
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails6
✱ One set on the forestay
Spinnakers5
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
PASAYESP-4764_C
RFEV
c/ Gamazo sn
39004 Santander – España
crucero@rfev.es
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1342.8972.0799.6715.6677.9661.0652.3646.3651.9
52°851.5632.0534.7489.9471.0463.1458.7454.2453.5
60°795.4597.5512.6474.8458.0450.2446.0440.9439.1
75°757.2574.3498.1464.2446.9436.5430.0422.3417.3
90°775.5583.8501.9464.1444.1430.8420.6406.8398.4
110°860.1622.2512.9463.4439.1422.5409.4393.1381.6
120°894.4645.1528.7471.3442.9424.2408.4381.6363.7
135°1031.6729.2582.9503.5461.1436.9418.4385.7353.1
150°1266.8869.6674.3564.8498.2460.2437.2402.6370.4
Run VMG1462.31004.1778.6650.9569.1513.5475.9431.1399.6
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1401.1988.1789.1683.3623.5587.2564.1538.7525.7
All purpose1046.7753.3615.5545.5508.3486.7472.6454.6442.9
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward652.80.9191
All purpose528.11.1361
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low684.40.8767
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium524.21.1445
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High469.41.2783
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low888.60.6752
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium648.20.9257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High560.41.0707
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance576.41.0409
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low684.40.8767
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium524.21.1445
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High469.41.2783
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low888.60.6752
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium648.20.9257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High560.41.0707
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1500.8989.7742.2615.4543.0505.3477.6435.0422.6
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.8196
Downwind "popa"0.9495
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.8547
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.9064
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low684.40.8767
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium524.21.1445
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High469.41.2783
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low888.60.6752
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium648.20.9257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High560.41.0707
Predominantly Upwind567.11.0580
Predominantly Downwind542.21.1066
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low684.40.8767
Triple Number AP Medium524.31.1444
Triple Number AP High469.41.2783
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.40.6456
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium648.20.9257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High560.41.0707
Single Number Predominant Upwind590.11.0168
Single Number Predominant Reaching525.91.1410
Single Number Predominant Downwind568.11.0561
Predominant Upwind - Low813.30.7377
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med621.00.9662
Predominant Upwind - Medium548.41.0941
Predominant Upwind - Med/High513.91.1675
Predominant Upwind - High500.41.1991
Predominant Downwind Low847.40.7080
Predominant Downwind Low/Med619.00.9693
Predominant Downwind Medium521.41.1507
Predominant Downwind Med/High463.31.2950
Predominant Downwind High432.91.3860
Predominant Reaching Low733.30.8182
Predominant Reaching Low/Med558.71.0739
Predominant Reaching Medium489.71.2252
Predominant Reaching Med/High451.61.3287
Predominant Reaching High431.41.3910
SA/DSPL Upwind22.64SA/DSPL Downwind33.00
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1041.90.5758
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med756.60.7930
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium636.20.9431
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High568.71.0550
5-Band Windward/Leeward High540.81.1094
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1037.90.5781
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med760.80.7887
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium646.80.9276
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High586.01.0240
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High562.31.0670
5-Band AP Low760.50.7889
5-Band AP Low/Med595.31.0079
5-Band AP Medium516.81.1610
5-Band AP Med/High474.91.2633
5-Band AP High455.71.3167
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low892.70.6721
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med721.50.8316
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium613.40.9781
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High555.81.0795
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High531.61.1287
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9860
Chicago-Mac All Purpose1.0053
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.0159
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7288
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7358
Harvest Moon Regatta458.91.3075
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance576.41.0409
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low684.40.8767
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium524.21.1445
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High469.41.2783
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low888.60.6752
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium648.20.9257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High560.41.0707
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1500.8989.7742.2615.4543.0505.3477.6435.0422.6
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance576.41.0409
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low684.40.8767
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium524.21.1445
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High469.41.2783
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low888.60.6752
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium648.20.9257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High560.41.0707
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1500.8989.7742.2615.4543.0505.3477.6435.0422.6
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance576.4
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1500.8989.7742.2615.4543.0505.3477.6435.0422.6
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low684.40.8767
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium524.21.1445
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High469.41.2783
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low888.60.6752
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium648.20.9257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High560.41.0707
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating576.41.0409
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1023.20.9773
FinRating, kova tuuli458.61.0903
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low684.40.8767
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium524.21.1445
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High469.41.2783
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low888.60.6752
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium648.20.9257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High560.41.0707
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance1.0409
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8767
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1445
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2783
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6752
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0707
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1500.8989.7742.2615.4543.0505.3477.6435.0422.6
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)593.9
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance576.41.0409
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low684.40.8767
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium524.21.1445
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High469.41.2783
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low888.60.6752
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium648.20.9257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High560.41.0707
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1500.8989.7742.2615.4543.0505.3477.6435.0422.6
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low684.40.8767
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium524.21.1445
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High469.41.2783
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low888.60.6752
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium648.20.9257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High560.41.0707
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance576.41.0409
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low684.40.8767
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium524.21.1445
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High469.41.2783
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low888.60.6752
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium648.20.9257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High560.41.0707
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1500.8989.7742.2615.4543.0505.3477.6435.0422.6
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance576.41.0409
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low684.40.8767
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium524.21.1445
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High469.41.2783
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low888.60.6752
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium648.20.9257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High560.41.0707
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1500.8989.7742.2615.4543.0505.3477.6435.0422.6
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low684.4
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium524.2
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High469.4
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low888.6
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium648.2
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High560.4
Predominantly Upwind567.1
Predominantly Downwind542.2
Predominantly Reaching516.2
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance576.41.0409
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low684.40.8767
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium524.21.1445
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High469.41.2783
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low888.60.6752
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium648.20.9257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High560.41.0707
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1500.8989.7742.2615.4543.0505.3477.6435.0422.6
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8767
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1445
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2783
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6752
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0707
Coastal/Long Distance1.0409
Predominantly Upwind1.0580
Predominantly Downwind1.1066
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)593.9
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.1361
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.8767
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.1445
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.2783
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6752
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.9257
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind1.0707
Motvind Singeltall1.0580
Medvind Singeltall1.1066
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low684.40.8767
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium524.21.1445
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High469.41.2783
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low888.60.6752
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium648.20.9257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High560.41.0707
Coastal/Long Distance576.41.0409
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind567.11.0580
Predominantly Downwind542.21.1066
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore529.61.1329
Cape Doctor Coastal446.41.3441
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low684.40.8767
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium524.21.1445
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High469.41.2783
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low888.60.6752
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium648.20.9257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High560.41.0707
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8767
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1445
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2783
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6752
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0707
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8767
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1445
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2783
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6752
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0707
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance576.41.0409
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low684.40.8767
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium524.21.1445
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High469.41.2783
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low888.60.6752
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium648.20.9257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High560.41.0707
Predominantly Upwind567.11.0580
Predominantly Downwind542.21.1066
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1500.8989.7742.2615.4543.0505.3477.6435.0422.6
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance576.41.0409
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low684.40.8767
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium524.21.1445
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High469.41.2783
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low888.60.6752
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium648.20.9257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High560.41.0707
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1500.8989.7742.2615.4543.0505.3477.6435.0422.6
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low684.40.8767
Triple Number AP Medium524.31.1444
Triple Number AP High469.41.2783
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.40.6456
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium648.20.9257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High560.41.0707
Single Number Predominant Upwind590.11.0168
Single Number Predominant Reaching525.91.1410
Single Number Predominant Downwind568.11.0561
Predominant Upwind - Low813.30.7377
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med621.00.9662
Predominant Upwind - Medium548.41.0941
Predominant Upwind - Med/High513.91.1675
Predominant Upwind - High500.41.1991
Predominant Downwind Low847.40.7080
Predominant Downwind Low/Med619.00.9693
Predominant Downwind Medium521.41.1507
Predominant Downwind Med/High463.31.2950
Predominant Downwind High432.91.3860
Predominant Reaching Low733.30.8182
Predominant Reaching Low/Med558.71.0739
Predominant Reaching Medium489.71.2252
Predominant Reaching Med/High451.61.3287
Predominant Reaching High431.41.3910
SA/DSPL Upwind22.64SA/DSPL Downwind33.00
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1041.90.5758
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med756.60.7930
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium636.20.9431
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High568.71.0550
5-Band Windward/Leeward High540.81.1094
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1037.90.5781
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med760.80.7887
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium646.80.9276
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High586.01.0240
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High562.31.0670
5-Band AP Low760.50.7889
5-Band AP Low/Med595.31.0079
5-Band AP Medium516.81.1610
5-Band AP Med/High474.91.2633
5-Band AP High455.71.3167
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low892.70.6721
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med721.50.8316
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium613.40.9781
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High555.81.0795
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High531.61.1287
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9860
Chicago-Mac All Purpose1.0053
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.0159
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7288
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7358
Harvest Moon Regatta458.91.3075
Club Certificate2025
PASAYESP-4764_C
RFEV
c/ Gamazo sn
39004 Santander – España
crucero@rfev.es
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassFIRST 45F5Measurement20/06/2020HINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA13.660Max. Beam4.234Draft2.195Displacement10,840Wetted area37.06IMS L11.715LSM011.386Acc. length13.720Sink (kg/mm) 28.08
VCGD0.033VCGM0.090RM Rated (kg·m) 266.9Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight828Declared crew weight500
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFeathering 3 blades
InstallationShaft exposedTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.534PBW0.171PIPA0.0065
PSD0.030PHD0.079PHL0.144
PSA16.0°ESL1.175
ST10.043ST20.132ST30.132
ST40.063ST50.255
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerYesMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders2Rotating mastNo
P16.820IG16.440ISP16.540MDT10.125MDL10.245MDT20.125MDL20.180TL1.560MW0.245GO0.270
E5.670J4.570BAS1.950FSD0.043SFJ0.420SPL4.651WPLTPSBD0.225MWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM entered directlyRM entered270.0Flotation Date08/04/2010
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
PASAYESP-4764_C
RFEV
c/ Gamazo sn
39004 Santander – España
crucero@rfev.es
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateCommentM0.201.112.003.514.6955.2522/06/2020
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment16.9416.00NoNo 56.52RIG0.080.721.452.984.576.3015.92NoNo 48.6022/06/2020
SYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLAreaMeas.DateCommentS15.9215.9215.928.197.81107.6522/06/2020
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length13.7 mTable area0.66 m²Headroom1.88 mMinimum number of berths6Personal gear stowage0.24 m³Fresh water capacity231 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit6Food stowage0.36 m³Fuel capacity124 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.