Club Certificate2025
GARVIESP-7910_C
RFEV
c/ Gamazo sn
39004 Santander – España
crucero@rfev.es
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles43.0°43.0°41.2°39.3°37.9°38.1°38.2°39.3°42.4°
Beat VMG2.253.073.684.114.344.424.454.414.21
52°3.504.665.435.846.076.186.236.276.17
60°3.734.905.615.976.216.366.446.516.46
75°3.905.115.826.146.356.596.776.957.00
90°4.155.356.026.396.666.836.967.347.59
110°4.025.266.016.466.877.267.628.168.71
120°3.825.085.906.376.807.227.718.9510.24
135°3.344.605.556.116.526.937.388.8811.95
150°2.773.924.905.656.116.486.867.7310.17
Run VMG2.403.404.254.925.525.986.337.028.81
Gybe Angles145.3°145.3°148.7°157.0°165.1°173.6°176.8°176.3°139.7°
APH ToD:634.1CDL: 6.623APH ToT: 0.9462CertNo:791001
BOAT
ClassMALBEC 240DesignerJAVIER SOTOBuilderOCEANTECHAge date01/2004Series date01/1997Offset fileMYSTIC.OFFData fileE7910_C
HULL
Length Overall7.110 mMaximum Beam2.688 mDraft1.386 mDisplacement1,633 kgDLR5.8066IMS DivisionSportboatDynamic Allowance0.150%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationNo PropellerTypeN/ADiameterN/A
CREW
Maximum weight300 kg(declared)Minimum weight170 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail18.2018.64Headsail Luffed15.2915.29Headsail FlyingSymmetric43.4743.47Asymmetric45.9745.97 (1 asymmetric(s) with SHW/SFL < 85%)
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail5.21Storm Jib5.01Heavy Weather Jib13.52
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5Spinnakers4
✱ Asymmetric SHALL NOT be tacked on the pole
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
COMMENTS
PESADO 1 DINA.
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
GARVIESP-7910_C
RFEV
c/ Gamazo sn
39004 Santander – España
crucero@rfev.es
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1598.11174.2978.6875.1828.8814.3808.7815.9855.1
52°1029.4772.9663.6616.7593.6582.5577.6574.6583.7
60°964.6735.2642.0602.9580.1566.0559.3552.8557.4
75°923.3704.9618.2586.6566.9546.5532.1518.1514.0
90°866.7672.5598.2563.7540.6527.5517.5490.7474.6
110°894.6684.7599.5557.7524.4495.9472.6441.4413.4
120°943.3709.0609.8565.1529.8498.5467.0402.3351.4
135°1078.0782.6648.7589.7552.4519.2487.8405.5301.3
150°1298.4917.8734.2637.4589.7555.3524.6465.6353.8
Run VMG1501.51059.8847.7731.7651.6602.4568.3512.7408.6
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1548.61117.0913.2803.4740.2708.4688.5664.3631.9
All purpose1165.4860.6723.3654.8615.6591.9574.4545.9517.2
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward773.60.7756
All purpose634.10.9462
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low792.00.7576
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium631.70.9498
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High568.11.0562
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1015.10.5911
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium767.80.7815
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.40.8767
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance687.70.8725
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low792.00.7576
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium631.70.9498
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High568.11.0562
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1015.10.5911
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium767.80.7815
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.40.8767
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1630.61111.3859.7730.3655.4614.4580.1516.3483.9
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.6671
Downwind "popa"0.8443
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.7120
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.7820
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low792.00.7576
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium631.70.9498
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High568.11.0562
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1015.10.5911
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium767.80.7815
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.40.8767
Predominantly Upwind689.90.8696
Predominantly Downwind635.60.9440
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low791.90.7576
Triple Number AP Medium631.80.9497
Triple Number AP High568.11.0562
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1057.60.5673
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium767.80.7815
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.40.8767
Single Number Predominant Upwind715.10.8390
Single Number Predominant Reaching623.60.9622
Single Number Predominant Downwind657.70.9123
Predominant Upwind - Low954.60.6286
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med748.20.8019
Predominant Upwind - Medium670.60.8948
Predominant Upwind - Med/High633.50.9472
Predominant Upwind - High617.30.9719
Predominant Downwind Low930.30.6450
Predominant Downwind Low/Med710.30.8448
Predominant Downwind Medium617.50.9717
Predominant Downwind Med/High553.91.0833
Predominant Downwind High501.01.1976
Predominant Reaching Low831.00.7220
Predominant Reaching Low/Med659.10.9103
Predominant Reaching Medium591.61.0141
Predominant Reaching Med/High547.01.0970
Predominant Reaching High509.51.1776
SA/DSPL Upwind24.12SA/DSPL Downwind46.20
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1174.20.5110
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med878.90.6826
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium755.60.7941
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High692.10.8669
5-Band Windward/Leeward High662.90.9052
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1185.60.5061
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med892.90.6720
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium773.40.7758
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High716.20.8378
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High694.60.8638
5-Band AP Low861.70.6963
5-Band AP Low/Med703.50.8529
5-Band AP Medium623.70.9620
5-Band AP Med/High576.01.0417
5-Band AP High545.91.0991
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1020.40.5880
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med844.20.7107
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium733.40.8181
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High675.80.8878
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High646.30.9284
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8157
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8505
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.8805
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6373
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6419
Harvest Moon Regatta549.71.0916
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance687.70.8725
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low792.00.7576
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium631.70.9498
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High568.11.0562
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1015.10.5911
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium767.80.7815
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.40.8767
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1630.61111.3859.7730.3655.4614.4580.1516.3483.9
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance687.70.8725
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low792.00.7576
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium631.70.9498
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High568.11.0562
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1015.10.5911
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium767.80.7815
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.40.8767
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1630.61111.3859.7730.3655.4614.4580.1516.3483.9
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance687.7
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1630.61111.3859.7730.3655.4614.4580.1516.3483.9
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low792.00.7576
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium631.70.9498
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High568.11.0562
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1015.10.5911
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium767.80.7815
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.40.8767
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating687.70.8725
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1148.30.8709
FinRating, kova tuuli545.10.9173
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low792.00.7576
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium631.70.9498
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High568.11.0562
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1015.10.5911
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium767.80.7815
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.40.8767
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.8725
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7576
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9498
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0562
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5911
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7815
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8767
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1630.61111.3859.7730.3655.4614.4580.1516.3483.9
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)706.6
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance687.70.8725
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low792.00.7576
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium631.70.9498
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High568.11.0562
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1015.10.5911
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium767.80.7815
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.40.8767
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1630.61111.3859.7730.3655.4614.4580.1516.3483.9
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low792.00.7576
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium631.70.9498
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High568.11.0562
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1015.10.5911
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium767.80.7815
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.40.8767
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance687.70.8725
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low792.00.7576
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium631.70.9498
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High568.11.0562
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1015.10.5911
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium767.80.7815
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.40.8767
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1630.61111.3859.7730.3655.4614.4580.1516.3483.9
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance687.70.8725
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low792.00.7576
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium631.70.9498
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High568.11.0562
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1015.10.5911
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium767.80.7815
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.40.8767
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1630.61111.3859.7730.3655.4614.4580.1516.3483.9
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low792.0
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium631.7
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High568.1
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1015.1
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium767.8
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.4
Predominantly Upwind689.9
Predominantly Downwind635.6
Predominantly Reaching612.8
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance687.70.8725
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low792.00.7576
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium631.70.9498
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High568.11.0562
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1015.10.5911
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium767.80.7815
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.40.8767
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1630.61111.3859.7730.3655.4614.4580.1516.3483.9
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7576
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9498
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0562
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5911
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7815
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8767
Coastal/Long Distance0.8725
Predominantly Upwind0.8696
Predominantly Downwind0.9440
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)706.6
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)0.9462
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.7576
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind0.9498
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.0562
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.5911
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.7815
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind0.8767
Motvind Singeltall0.8696
Medvind Singeltall0.9440
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low792.00.7576
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium631.70.9498
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High568.11.0562
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1015.10.5911
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium767.80.7815
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.40.8767
Coastal/Long Distance687.70.8725
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind689.90.8696
Predominantly Downwind635.60.9440
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore641.60.9352
Cape Doctor Coastal525.91.1410
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low792.00.7576
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium631.70.9498
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High568.11.0562
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1015.10.5911
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium767.80.7815
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.40.8767
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7576
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9498
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0562
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5911
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7815
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8767
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7576
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9498
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0562
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5911
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7815
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8767
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance687.70.8725
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low792.00.7576
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium631.70.9498
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High568.11.0562
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1015.10.5911
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium767.80.7815
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.40.8767
Predominantly Upwind689.90.8696
Predominantly Downwind635.60.9440
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1630.61111.3859.7730.3655.4614.4580.1516.3483.9
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance687.70.8725
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low792.00.7576
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium631.70.9498
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High568.11.0562
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1015.10.5911
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium767.80.7815
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.40.8767
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1630.61111.3859.7730.3655.4614.4580.1516.3483.9
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low791.90.7576
Triple Number AP Medium631.80.9497
Triple Number AP High568.11.0562
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1057.60.5673
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium767.80.7815
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.40.8767
Single Number Predominant Upwind715.10.8390
Single Number Predominant Reaching623.60.9622
Single Number Predominant Downwind657.70.9123
Predominant Upwind - Low954.60.6286
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med748.20.8019
Predominant Upwind - Medium670.60.8948
Predominant Upwind - Med/High633.50.9472
Predominant Upwind - High617.30.9719
Predominant Downwind Low930.30.6450
Predominant Downwind Low/Med710.30.8448
Predominant Downwind Medium617.50.9717
Predominant Downwind Med/High553.91.0833
Predominant Downwind High501.01.1976
Predominant Reaching Low831.00.7220
Predominant Reaching Low/Med659.10.9103
Predominant Reaching Medium591.61.0141
Predominant Reaching Med/High547.01.0970
Predominant Reaching High509.51.1776
SA/DSPL Upwind24.12SA/DSPL Downwind46.20
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1174.20.5110
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med878.90.6826
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium755.60.7941
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High692.10.8669
5-Band Windward/Leeward High662.90.9052
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1185.60.5061
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med892.90.6720
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium773.40.7758
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High716.20.8378
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High694.60.8638
5-Band AP Low861.70.6963
5-Band AP Low/Med703.50.8529
5-Band AP Medium623.70.9620
5-Band AP Med/High576.01.0417
5-Band AP High545.91.0991
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1020.40.5880
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med844.20.7107
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium733.40.8181
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High675.80.8878
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High646.30.9284
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8157
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8505
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.8805
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6373
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6419
Harvest Moon Regatta549.71.0916
Club Certificate2025
GARVIESP-7910_C
RFEV
c/ Gamazo sn
39004 Santander – España
crucero@rfev.es
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassMALBEC 240MeasurementHINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA7.110Max. Beam2.688Draft1.386Displacement1,633Wetted area11.80IMS L6.752LSM06.551Acc. length7.110Sink (kg/mm) 9.39
VCGD-0.289VCGM-0.179RM Rated (kg·m) 39.2Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight377Declared crew weight300
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeNo Propeller
Hydro generatorNo
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders1Rotating mastNo
P9.140IG10.005ISP10.100MDT10.090MDL10.140MDT20.090MDL20.140TLMW0.140GO0.140
E3.255J2.840BAS1.110FSD0.035SFJSPL2.840WPLTPS3.408BD0.100MWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM entered directlyRM entered40.0Flotation Date01/01/2010
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
GARVIESP-7910_C
RFEV
c/ Gamazo sn
39004 Santander – España
crucero@rfev.es
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment10.140.721.302.2018.20RI
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment10.070.821.563.049.84NoNo 15.29RI
SYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLAreaMeas.DateComment19.919.919.915.325.0443.47RI
ASYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLRatioAreaMeas.DateComment00110.949.5210.235.066.7275%45.97RI
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length7.1 mTable area0.22 m²Headroom1.40 mMinimum number of berths2Personal gear stowage0.08 m³Fresh water capacity11 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit2Food stowage0.12 m³Fuel capacity20 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.