Club Certificate2025
DELARTEGER-33_C
RFEV
c/ Gamazo sn
39004 Santander – España
crucero@rfev.es
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles44.1°44.1°42.1°40.7°39.7°38.9°38.4°38.1°38.5°
Beat VMG2.533.474.204.735.055.225.315.385.36
52°3.985.346.296.897.217.387.457.547.56
60°4.255.646.557.097.387.557.647.747.79
75°4.445.846.737.247.537.747.888.068.18
90°4.335.746.677.267.647.868.018.328.52
110°4.065.596.747.417.808.128.408.849.15
120°3.935.436.597.317.738.088.409.029.65
135°3.454.846.016.917.467.838.168.849.62
150°2.834.075.186.126.907.407.768.389.03
Run VMG2.453.524.495.306.026.637.167.868.45
Gybe Angles143.2°143.2°147.4°148.1°155.2°164.6°175.9°179.0°179.0°
APH ToD:556.3CDL: 9.650APH ToT: 1.0786CertNo:3301
BOAT
ClassSUN BEAM 39DesignerNissenBuilderSchöchl YatchbauAge date01/1998Series date09/1994Offset fileSunBeam39CLB.offData fileGER33_C
HULL
Length Overall11.950 mMaximum Beam3.900 mDraft1.977 mDisplacement8,860 kgDLR7.7534IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.380%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationShaft exposedTypeFolding 3 bladesDiameter0.360m
CREW
Maximum weight600 kg(declared)Minimum weight470 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail35.8936.60Headsail Luffed57.3757.37Headsail FlyingSymmetricAsymmetric109.44109.44 (All asymmetric spinnakers with SHW/SFL > 85%)
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail10.24Storm Jib11.86Heavy Weather Jib32.02
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails6
✱ One set on the forestay
✱ Woven polyester sails
Spinnakers5
✱ Asymmetric may be tacked on the pole
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
COMMENTS
casco estimado
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
DELARTEGER-33_C
RFEV
c/ Gamazo sn
39004 Santander – España
crucero@rfev.es
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1425.81038.3857.4761.5712.4690.1678.2669.6672.0
52°904.4674.4572.5522.3499.0488.1482.9477.8476.1
60°846.4638.2549.2507.6487.5476.7471.3465.2462.0
75°810.7616.0534.9497.5477.9465.3456.6446.7439.9
90°831.6627.4539.6495.5471.4457.8449.6432.7422.6
110°887.0644.2533.9485.8461.4443.4428.6407.2393.6
120°917.0663.2546.3492.5465.6445.8428.6399.1373.2
135°1044.3743.5598.7520.9482.8459.9440.9407.5374.4
150°1272.0884.7695.1587.9522.0486.2464.1429.7398.8
Run VMG1469.31021.5802.6678.9597.8543.1502.8457.8426.2
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1446.21029.9830.0720.2655.1616.6590.5563.7549.1
All purpose1088.3788.9648.9575.8535.6512.5497.1477.4464.0
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward685.60.8751
All purpose556.31.0786
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.90.8346
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium552.71.0856
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High493.61.2156
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.90.6452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium681.70.8801
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.01.0222
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance606.80.9888
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.90.8346
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium552.71.0856
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High493.61.2156
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.90.6452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium681.70.8801
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.01.0222
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1539.21029.1780.5649.2571.8532.0502.9458.3443.0
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.7767
Downwind "popa"0.9121
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.8129
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.8668
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.90.8346
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium552.71.0856
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High493.61.2156
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.90.6452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium681.70.8801
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.01.0222
Predominantly Upwind599.01.0016
Predominantly Downwind569.11.0543
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low718.90.8346
Triple Number AP Medium552.71.0855
Triple Number AP High493.61.2156
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low970.70.6181
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium681.70.8801
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.01.0222
Single Number Predominant Upwind622.50.9638
Single Number Predominant Reaching554.31.0825
Single Number Predominant Downwind594.51.0093
Predominant Upwind - Low859.80.6978
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med658.50.9112
Predominant Upwind - Medium578.81.0366
Predominant Upwind - Med/High539.71.1118
Predominant Upwind - High524.21.1445
Predominant Downwind Low874.60.6860
Predominant Downwind Low/Med646.00.9288
Predominant Downwind Medium548.01.0949
Predominant Downwind Med/High488.81.2275
Predominant Downwind High457.21.3123
Predominant Reaching Low769.20.7800
Predominant Reaching Low/Med589.21.0184
Predominant Reaching Medium516.91.1608
Predominant Reaching Med/High477.21.2572
Predominant Reaching High455.61.3169
SA/DSPL Upwind21.62SA/DSPL Downwind33.70
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1084.30.5533
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med794.90.7548
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium668.70.8973
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High595.81.0070
5-Band Windward/Leeward High565.81.0604
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1085.50.5528
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med801.70.7484
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium680.20.8821
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High613.00.9788
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High586.91.0223
5-Band AP Low793.60.7561
5-Band AP Low/Med627.00.9569
5-Band AP Medium544.71.1016
5-Band AP Med/High499.61.2009
5-Band AP High478.51.2539
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low933.90.6425
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med758.70.7909
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium644.70.9307
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High582.11.0308
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High555.81.0796
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9333
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9559
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9719
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6981
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7039
Harvest Moon Regatta485.71.2354
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance606.80.9888
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.90.8346
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium552.71.0856
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High493.61.2156
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.90.6452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium681.70.8801
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.01.0222
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1539.21029.1780.5649.2571.8532.0502.9458.3443.0
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance606.80.9888
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.90.8346
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium552.71.0856
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High493.61.2156
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.90.6452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium681.70.8801
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.01.0222
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1539.21029.1780.5649.2571.8532.0502.9458.3443.0
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance606.8
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1539.21029.1780.5649.2571.8532.0502.9458.3443.0
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.90.8346
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium552.71.0856
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High493.61.2156
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.90.6452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium681.70.8801
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.01.0222
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating606.80.9888
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1063.60.9402
FinRating, kova tuuli481.71.0380
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.90.8346
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium552.71.0856
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High493.61.2156
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.90.6452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium681.70.8801
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.01.0222
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.9888
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8346
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0856
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2156
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8801
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0222
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1539.21029.1780.5649.2571.8532.0502.9458.3443.0
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)625.1
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance606.80.9888
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.90.8346
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium552.71.0856
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High493.61.2156
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.90.6452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium681.70.8801
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.01.0222
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1539.21029.1780.5649.2571.8532.0502.9458.3443.0
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.90.8346
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium552.71.0856
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High493.61.2156
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.90.6452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium681.70.8801
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.01.0222
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance606.80.9888
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.90.8346
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium552.71.0856
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High493.61.2156
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.90.6452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium681.70.8801
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.01.0222
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1539.21029.1780.5649.2571.8532.0502.9458.3443.0
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance606.80.9888
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.90.8346
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium552.71.0856
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High493.61.2156
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.90.6452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium681.70.8801
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.01.0222
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1539.21029.1780.5649.2571.8532.0502.9458.3443.0
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.9
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium552.7
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High493.6
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.9
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium681.7
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.0
Predominantly Upwind599.0
Predominantly Downwind569.1
Predominantly Reaching543.9
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance606.80.9888
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.90.8346
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium552.71.0856
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High493.61.2156
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.90.6452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium681.70.8801
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.01.0222
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1539.21029.1780.5649.2571.8532.0502.9458.3443.0
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8346
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0856
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2156
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8801
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0222
Coastal/Long Distance0.9888
Predominantly Upwind1.0016
Predominantly Downwind1.0543
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)625.1
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.0786
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.8346
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.0856
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.2156
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6452
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.8801
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind1.0222
Motvind Singeltall1.0016
Medvind Singeltall1.0543
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.90.8346
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium552.71.0856
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High493.61.2156
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.90.6452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium681.70.8801
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.01.0222
Coastal/Long Distance606.80.9888
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind599.01.0016
Predominantly Downwind569.11.0543
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore553.51.0841
Cape Doctor Coastal468.01.2820
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.90.8346
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium552.71.0856
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High493.61.2156
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.90.6452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium681.70.8801
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.01.0222
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8346
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0856
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2156
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8801
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0222
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8346
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0856
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2156
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8801
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0222
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance606.80.9888
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.90.8346
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium552.71.0856
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High493.61.2156
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.90.6452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium681.70.8801
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.01.0222
Predominantly Upwind599.01.0016
Predominantly Downwind569.11.0543
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1539.21029.1780.5649.2571.8532.0502.9458.3443.0
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance606.80.9888
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low718.90.8346
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium552.71.0856
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High493.61.2156
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.90.6452
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium681.70.8801
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.01.0222
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1539.21029.1780.5649.2571.8532.0502.9458.3443.0
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low718.90.8346
Triple Number AP Medium552.71.0855
Triple Number AP High493.61.2156
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low970.70.6181
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium681.70.8801
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High587.01.0222
Single Number Predominant Upwind622.50.9638
Single Number Predominant Reaching554.31.0825
Single Number Predominant Downwind594.51.0093
Predominant Upwind - Low859.80.6978
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med658.50.9112
Predominant Upwind - Medium578.81.0366
Predominant Upwind - Med/High539.71.1118
Predominant Upwind - High524.21.1445
Predominant Downwind Low874.60.6860
Predominant Downwind Low/Med646.00.9288
Predominant Downwind Medium548.01.0949
Predominant Downwind Med/High488.81.2275
Predominant Downwind High457.21.3123
Predominant Reaching Low769.20.7800
Predominant Reaching Low/Med589.21.0184
Predominant Reaching Medium516.91.1608
Predominant Reaching Med/High477.21.2572
Predominant Reaching High455.61.3169
SA/DSPL Upwind21.62SA/DSPL Downwind33.70
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1084.30.5533
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med794.90.7548
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium668.70.8973
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High595.81.0070
5-Band Windward/Leeward High565.81.0604
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1085.50.5528
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med801.70.7484
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium680.20.8821
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High613.00.9788
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High586.91.0223
5-Band AP Low793.60.7561
5-Band AP Low/Med627.00.9569
5-Band AP Medium544.71.1016
5-Band AP Med/High499.61.2009
5-Band AP High478.51.2539
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low933.90.6425
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med758.70.7909
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium644.70.9307
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High582.11.0308
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High555.81.0796
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9333
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9559
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9719
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6981
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7039
Harvest Moon Regatta485.71.2354
Club Certificate2025
DELARTEGER-33_C
RFEV
c/ Gamazo sn
39004 Santander – España
crucero@rfev.es
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassSUN BEAM 39MeasurementHINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA11.950Max. Beam3.900Draft1.977Displacement8,860Wetted area32.60IMS L10.512LSM010.454Acc. length11.960Sink (kg/mm) 24.20
VCGD-0.008VCGM0.001RM Rated (kg·m) 218.2Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight733Declared crew weight600
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 3 blades
InstallationShaft exposedTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.360PBW0.095PIPA0.0043
PSD0.025PHD0.068PHL0.115
PSA18.0°ESL0.725
ST10.026ST20.102ST30.102
ST40.045ST50.153
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerYesMainsail furlerIn mastArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays1CheckstaysSpreaders2Rotating mastNo
P13.600IG15.400ISP15.400MDT10.100MDL10.110MDT2MDL2TLMWGO
E4.300J4.700BAS1.650FSD0.050SFJSPL4.770WPLTPS4.700BDMWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM entered directlyRM entered220.0Flotation Date01/01/2010
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
DELARTEGER-33_C
RFEV
c/ Gamazo sn
39004 Santander – España
crucero@rfev.es
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment00135.89
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment0017.00NoNo 57.37
ASYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLRatioAreaMeas.DateComment00115.30NaN109.44
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length12.0 mTable area0.55 m²Headroom1.81 mMinimum number of berths5Personal gear stowage0.20 m³Fresh water capacity150 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit5Food stowage0.30 m³Fuel capacity90 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.