Club Certificate2025
PAPILLONP 247
Deutscher Segler Verband e.V.
Soling 16
24159 Kiel Schilksee
technik@dsv.org
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles43.4°43.4°40.1°38.6°37.8°37.7°37.5°37.9°39.5°
Beat VMG2.843.834.504.764.904.955.005.034.93
52°4.555.836.496.726.836.886.947.027.01
60°4.856.116.666.897.007.077.147.247.27
75°5.056.296.807.077.237.357.477.677.79
90°4.966.236.817.147.417.637.838.208.51
110°4.575.966.797.197.487.758.028.599.26
120°4.445.856.747.227.648.098.499.3610.44
135°3.845.296.387.017.508.038.7511.0212.75
150°3.144.445.556.457.067.528.049.8713.17
Run VMG2.723.844.805.616.306.817.238.5511.41
Gybe Angles139.3°139.3°149.4°153.2°161.3°168.1°168.6°144.5°147.3°
APH ToD:556.4CDL: 8.207APH ToT: 1.0783CertNo:142703
BOAT
Class45M2 NATIONALERDesignerKLAUS RÖDERBuilderGLASAge date01/2014Series date01/2014Offset fileCL45er_P247.offData fileP247
HULL
Length Overall10.500 mMaximum Beam2.404 mDraft1.196 mDisplacement2,595 kgDLR6.4390IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.000%Age Allowance0.357%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 2 bladesDiameter0.290m
CREW
Maximum weight480 kg(declared)Minimum weight350 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm ExtensionLoose or no lifelines
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail29.4629.93Headsail Luffed37.4437.44Headsail FlyingSymmetric92.1492.14Asymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail8.62Storm Jib7.86Heavy Weather Jib21.23
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5
✱ One set on the forestay
✱ Woven polyester sails
Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
COMMENTS
KRÄUTLER E-MOTOR
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
PAPILLONP 247
Deutscher Segler Verband e.V.
Soling 16
24159 Kiel Schilksee
technik@dsv.org
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1267.0939.7800.7755.6734.8727.5719.6715.5730.4
52°791.3617.1554.7536.0527.3523.0518.4513.1513.3
60°741.6589.4540.3522.9514.4509.3504.0497.3495.4
75°713.1572.5529.7509.2497.6489.6481.9469.3462.3
90°725.5577.7529.0504.0486.2471.7459.9438.9422.8
110°788.4603.6530.1500.4481.1464.6448.8419.1388.7
120°811.1615.0533.9498.3471.1445.2424.2384.6344.8
135°937.8680.8564.5513.8480.3448.4411.4326.5282.3
150°1145.4811.5649.1558.2510.1478.6448.0364.7273.3
Run VMG1323.8937.0749.5641.9571.6528.9498.0421.2315.5
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1294.8938.4775.1698.7653.2628.2608.8568.3523.0
All purpose965.8723.0618.7572.5545.0527.3510.9477.1448.7
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward675.10.8888
All purpose556.41.0783
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low670.80.8944
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium555.91.0794
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.31.1944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low856.80.7003
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.30.8925
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.41.0026
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance601.60.9973
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low670.80.8944
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium555.91.0794
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.31.1944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low856.80.7003
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.30.8925
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.41.0026
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1370.8938.2732.7636.7579.1545.8515.5458.4426.5
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.7787
Downwind "popa"0.9660
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.8268
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.9010
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low670.80.8944
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium555.91.0794
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.31.1944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low856.80.7003
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.30.8925
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.41.0026
Predominantly Upwind601.30.9978
Predominantly Downwind554.91.0813
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low670.80.8944
Triple Number AP Medium555.91.0793
Triple Number AP High502.31.1944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low893.00.6719
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.30.8925
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.41.0026
Single Number Predominant Upwind618.60.9699
Single Number Predominant Reaching543.71.1036
Single Number Predominant Downwind572.11.0488
Predominant Upwind - Low783.20.7661
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med638.50.9397
Predominant Upwind - Medium590.31.0165
Predominant Upwind - Med/High561.21.0692
Predominant Upwind - High540.71.1096
Predominant Downwind Low799.50.7505
Predominant Downwind Low/Med618.20.9705
Predominant Downwind Medium541.71.1075
Predominant Downwind Med/High481.81.2453
Predominant Downwind High426.61.4065
Predominant Reaching Low703.40.8530
Predominant Reaching Low/Med572.61.0478
Predominant Reaching Medium521.81.1499
Predominant Reaching Med/High480.41.2489
Predominant Reaching High443.81.3518
SA/DSPL Upwind35.32SA/DSPL Downwind64.19
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low986.80.6080
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med754.20.7955
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium663.10.9048
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High608.90.9853
5-Band Windward/Leeward High567.51.0573
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low986.80.6080
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med762.50.7869
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium678.70.8840
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High631.50.9502
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High597.71.0038
5-Band AP Low727.90.8243
5-Band AP Low/Med606.90.9887
5-Band AP Medium549.91.0910
5-Band AP Med/High510.81.1745
5-Band AP High478.11.2551
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low855.30.7015
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med722.80.8301
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium643.00.9331
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High593.91.0103
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High555.11.0809
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9471
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9816
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.0117
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7518
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7578
Harvest Moon Regatta483.81.2402
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance601.60.9973
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low670.80.8944
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium555.91.0794
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.31.1944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low856.80.7003
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.30.8925
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.41.0026
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1370.8938.2732.7636.7579.1545.8515.5458.4426.5
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance601.60.9973
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low670.80.8944
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium555.91.0794
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.31.1944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low856.80.7003
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.30.8925
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.41.0026
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1370.8938.2732.7636.7579.1545.8515.5458.4426.5
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance601.6
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1370.8938.2732.7636.7579.1545.8515.5458.4426.5
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low670.80.8944
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium555.91.0794
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.31.1944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low856.80.7003
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.30.8925
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.41.0026
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating601.60.9973
FinRating, kevyt tuuli966.21.0350
FinRating, kova tuuli478.51.0450
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low670.80.8944
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium555.91.0794
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.31.1944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low856.80.7003
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.30.8925
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.41.0026
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.9973
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8944
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0794
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7003
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8925
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0026
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1370.8938.2732.7636.7579.1545.8515.5458.4426.5
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)614.5
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance601.60.9973
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low670.80.8944
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium555.91.0794
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.31.1944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low856.80.7003
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.30.8925
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.41.0026
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1370.8938.2732.7636.7579.1545.8515.5458.4426.5
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low670.80.8944
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium555.91.0794
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.31.1944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low856.80.7003
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.30.8925
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.41.0026
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance601.60.9973
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low670.80.8944
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium555.91.0794
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.31.1944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low856.80.7003
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.30.8925
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.41.0026
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1370.8938.2732.7636.7579.1545.8515.5458.4426.5
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance601.60.9973
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low670.80.8944
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium555.91.0794
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.31.1944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low856.80.7003
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.30.8925
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.41.0026
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1370.8938.2732.7636.7579.1545.8515.5458.4426.5
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low670.8
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium555.9
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.3
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low856.8
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.3
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.4
Predominantly Upwind601.3
Predominantly Downwind554.9
Predominantly Reaching536.5
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance601.60.9973
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low670.80.8944
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium555.91.0794
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.31.1944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low856.80.7003
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.30.8925
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.41.0026
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1370.8938.2732.7636.7579.1545.8515.5458.4426.5
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8944
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0794
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7003
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8925
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0026
Coastal/Long Distance0.9973
Predominantly Upwind0.9978
Predominantly Downwind1.0813
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)614.5
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.0783
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.8944
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.0794
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.1944
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.7003
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.8925
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind1.0026
Motvind Singeltall0.9978
Medvind Singeltall1.0813
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low670.80.8944
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium555.91.0794
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.31.1944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low856.80.7003
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.30.8925
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.41.0026
Coastal/Long Distance601.60.9973
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind601.30.9978
Predominantly Downwind554.91.0813
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore536.61.1182
Cape Doctor Coastal457.21.3122
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low670.80.8944
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium555.91.0794
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.31.1944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low856.80.7003
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.30.8925
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.41.0026
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8944
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0794
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7003
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8925
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0026
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8944
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0794
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7003
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8925
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0026
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance601.60.9973
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low670.80.8944
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium555.91.0794
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.31.1944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low856.80.7003
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.30.8925
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.41.0026
Predominantly Upwind601.30.9978
Predominantly Downwind554.91.0813
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1370.8938.2732.7636.7579.1545.8515.5458.4426.5
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance601.60.9973
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low670.80.8944
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium555.91.0794
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.31.1944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low856.80.7003
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.30.8925
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.41.0026
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1370.8938.2732.7636.7579.1545.8515.5458.4426.5
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low670.80.8944
Triple Number AP Medium555.91.0793
Triple Number AP High502.31.1944
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low893.00.6719
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium672.30.8925
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High598.41.0026
Single Number Predominant Upwind618.60.9699
Single Number Predominant Reaching543.71.1036
Single Number Predominant Downwind572.11.0488
Predominant Upwind - Low783.20.7661
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med638.50.9397
Predominant Upwind - Medium590.31.0165
Predominant Upwind - Med/High561.21.0692
Predominant Upwind - High540.71.1096
Predominant Downwind Low799.50.7505
Predominant Downwind Low/Med618.20.9705
Predominant Downwind Medium541.71.1075
Predominant Downwind Med/High481.81.2453
Predominant Downwind High426.61.4065
Predominant Reaching Low703.40.8530
Predominant Reaching Low/Med572.61.0478
Predominant Reaching Medium521.81.1499
Predominant Reaching Med/High480.41.2489
Predominant Reaching High443.81.3518
SA/DSPL Upwind35.32SA/DSPL Downwind64.19
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low986.80.6080
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med754.20.7955
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium663.10.9048
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High608.90.9853
5-Band Windward/Leeward High567.51.0573
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low986.80.6080
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med762.50.7869
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium678.70.8840
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High631.50.9502
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High597.71.0038
5-Band AP Low727.90.8243
5-Band AP Low/Med606.90.9887
5-Band AP Medium549.91.0910
5-Band AP Med/High510.81.1745
5-Band AP High478.11.2551
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low855.30.7015
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med722.80.8301
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium643.00.9331
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High593.91.0103
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High555.11.0809
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9471
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9816
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.0117
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7518
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7578
Harvest Moon Regatta483.81.2402
Club Certificate2025
PAPILLONP 247
Deutscher Segler Verband e.V.
Soling 16
24159 Kiel Schilksee
technik@dsv.org
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
Class45M2 NATIONALERMeasurement05/09/2024HINDE-GLMGL282F314Plan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA10.500Max. Beam2.404Draft1.196Displacement2,595Wetted area16.69IMS L8.153LSM07.386Acc. length7.813Sink (kg/mm) 12.46
VCGD-0.181VCGM-0.204RM Rated (kg·m) 61.8Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight447Declared crew weight480
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 2 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.290PBWPIPA0.0003
EDLST1ST2
ST3ST4ST5
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerYesMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays1Checkstays1Spreaders2Rotating mastNo
P12.655IG12.538ISP12.956MDT10.090MDL10.130MDT2MDL2TLTaperMWGO
E3.890J3.130BAS1.531FSD0.030SFJ1.200SPL3.130WPLTPSBD0.110MWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM estimatedFlotation Date26/04/2022
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
PAPILLONP 247
Deutscher Segler Verband e.V.
Soling 16
24159 Kiel Schilksee
technik@dsv.org
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment1772050.190.851.502.513.2629.4628/08/2024
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment1775200.070.751.462.974.556.1112.40NoNo 37.4428/08/2024
SYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLAreaMeas.DateComment17753713.1013.1013.108.657.6092.1428/08/2024
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length7.8 mTable area0.22 m²Headroom1.40 mMinimum number of berths2Personal gear stowage0.08 m³Fresh water capacity18 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit2Food stowage0.12 m³Fuel capacity20 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.