Club Certificate2025
SORAYAPOR 8167
Federação Portuguesa de Vela
Doca de Belém
1300-038 Lisboa, Portugal
fpvela.pt
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles44.1°44.1°41.5°40.0°38.5°37.8°37.6°37.7°38.5°
Beat VMG2.563.584.404.995.345.495.575.625.57
52°4.055.516.587.247.567.727.807.877.88
60°4.355.836.867.457.757.938.028.118.14
75°4.566.077.067.607.938.178.348.538.64
90°4.425.957.007.607.978.268.538.939.18
110°4.155.777.017.738.168.538.849.259.52
120°4.005.576.827.618.098.518.919.6810.22
135°3.494.956.207.167.778.228.659.6010.90
150°2.864.165.376.417.247.798.219.0510.09
Run VMG2.483.614.655.566.357.017.538.339.11
Gybe Angles144.2°144.2°148.7°152.1°156.5°163.7°170.0°176.8°174.5°
APH ToD:530.5CDL: 10.553APH ToT: 1.1311CertNo:
BOAT
ClassCENTURION 40 SDesignerBERRET RACOPEAUBuilderWAUQUIEZAge date01/2004Series date01/2003Offset fileCEN40S.OFFData filePOR8167
HULL
Length Overall12.550 mMaximum Beam3.848 mDraft2.259 mDisplacement7,600 kgDLR5.4630IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.270%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 3 bladesDiameter0.432m
CREW
Maximum weight805 kg(default)Minimum weight675 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail47.5848.23Headsail Luffed42.2342.23Headsail FlyingSymmetric98.9398.93Asymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail15.21Storm Jib12.23Heavy Weather Jib33.01
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails6
✱ One set on the forestay
✱ Woven polyester sails
Spinnakers5
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
SORAYAPOR 8167
Federação Portuguesa de Vela
Doca de Belém
1300-038 Lisboa, Portugal
fpvela.pt
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1404.21006.6818.3721.2674.4655.6646.2640.7646.9
52°888.5653.6547.5497.6475.9466.3461.6457.4457.0
60°828.4617.0524.6483.5464.3454.0449.0443.8442.3
75°788.7593.0509.7473.4454.0440.8431.5422.1416.7
90°814.0605.5514.3473.5451.9435.9422.3403.0392.3
110°867.5624.4513.2466.0441.4422.2407.0389.0378.1
120°901.1646.6528.2473.1445.0423.1403.8371.7352.2
135°1031.3727.4580.6502.7463.1438.1416.0374.9330.3
150°1258.9864.6670.7562.0497.3462.0438.6397.7356.7
Run VMG1453.5998.4774.5647.8567.2513.6477.9432.3395.3
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1427.81002.5796.4684.5620.8584.6562.0536.5521.1
All purpose1071.1766.4622.4549.2509.8487.1471.6451.1436.8
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward652.90.9190
All purpose530.51.1311
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low694.40.8640
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium526.61.1393
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High467.81.2826
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low899.40.6671
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium647.60.9265
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High558.11.0751
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance578.21.0377
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low694.40.8640
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium526.61.1393
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High467.81.2826
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low899.40.6671
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium647.60.9265
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High558.11.0751
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1523.81002.1749.0617.9543.6505.4476.7431.5417.0
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.8135
Downwind "popa"0.9520
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.8506
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.9057
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low694.40.8640
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium526.61.1393
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High467.81.2826
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low899.40.6671
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium647.60.9265
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High558.11.0751
Predominantly Upwind571.31.0502
Predominantly Downwind543.91.1032
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low694.40.8640
Triple Number AP Medium526.71.1392
Triple Number AP High467.81.2826
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low941.20.6375
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium647.60.9265
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High558.11.0751
Single Number Predominant Upwind595.81.0071
Single Number Predominant Reaching530.51.1309
Single Number Predominant Downwind569.61.0533
Predominant Upwind - Low836.10.7176
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med630.40.9518
Predominant Upwind - Medium551.21.0886
Predominant Upwind - Med/High513.21.1690
Predominant Upwind - High497.91.2050
Predominant Downwind Low854.00.7026
Predominant Downwind Low/Med621.50.9654
Predominant Downwind Medium522.81.1476
Predominant Downwind Med/High462.91.2961
Predominant Downwind High428.51.4001
Predominant Reaching Low748.60.8015
Predominant Reaching Low/Med565.81.0605
Predominant Reaching Medium493.51.2157
Predominant Reaching Med/High451.71.3283
Predominant Reaching High427.11.4049
SA/DSPL Upwind23.08SA/DSPL Downwind37.65
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1057.60.5673
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med761.40.7881
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium635.10.9448
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High566.51.0592
5-Band Windward/Leeward High538.31.1147
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1057.80.5672
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med767.20.7821
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium645.80.9291
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High583.01.0291
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High559.11.0731
5-Band AP Low772.30.7769
5-Band AP Low/Med601.20.9980
5-Band AP Medium518.71.1567
5-Band AP Med/High474.01.2659
5-Band AP High452.21.3269
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low906.30.6620
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med726.80.8255
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium612.80.9791
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High553.01.0849
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High527.31.1378
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9751
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9976
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.0127
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7185
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7246
Harvest Moon Regatta460.71.3023
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance578.21.0377
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low694.40.8640
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium526.61.1393
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High467.81.2826
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low899.40.6671
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium647.60.9265
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High558.11.0751
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1523.81002.1749.0617.9543.6505.4476.7431.5417.0
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance578.21.0377
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low694.40.8640
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium526.61.1393
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High467.81.2826
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low899.40.6671
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium647.60.9265
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High558.11.0751
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1523.81002.1749.0617.9543.6505.4476.7431.5417.0
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance578.2
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1523.81002.1749.0617.9543.6505.4476.7431.5417.0
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low694.40.8640
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium526.61.1393
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High467.81.2826
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low899.40.6671
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium647.60.9265
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High558.11.0751
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating578.21.0377
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1039.20.9623
FinRating, kova tuuli454.71.0996
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low694.40.8640
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium526.61.1393
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High467.81.2826
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low899.40.6671
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium647.60.9265
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High558.11.0751
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance1.0377
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8640
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1393
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2826
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6671
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9265
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0751
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1523.81002.1749.0617.9543.6505.4476.7431.5417.0
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)598.1
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance578.21.0377
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low694.40.8640
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium526.61.1393
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High467.81.2826
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low899.40.6671
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium647.60.9265
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High558.11.0751
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1523.81002.1749.0617.9543.6505.4476.7431.5417.0
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low694.40.8640
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium526.61.1393
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High467.81.2826
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low899.40.6671
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium647.60.9265
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High558.11.0751
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance578.21.0377
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low694.40.8640
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium526.61.1393
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High467.81.2826
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low899.40.6671
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium647.60.9265
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High558.11.0751
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1523.81002.1749.0617.9543.6505.4476.7431.5417.0
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance578.21.0377
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low694.40.8640
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium526.61.1393
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High467.81.2826
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low899.40.6671
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium647.60.9265
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High558.11.0751
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1523.81002.1749.0617.9543.6505.4476.7431.5417.0
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low694.4
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium526.6
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High467.8
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low899.4
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium647.6
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High558.1
Predominantly Upwind571.3
Predominantly Downwind543.9
Predominantly Reaching519.5
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance578.21.0377
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low694.40.8640
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium526.61.1393
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High467.81.2826
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low899.40.6671
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium647.60.9265
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High558.11.0751
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1523.81002.1749.0617.9543.6505.4476.7431.5417.0
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8640
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1393
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2826
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6671
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9265
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0751
Coastal/Long Distance1.0377
Predominantly Upwind1.0502
Predominantly Downwind1.1032
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)598.1
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.1311
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.8640
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.1393
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.2826
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6671
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.9265
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind1.0751
Motvind Singeltall1.0502
Medvind Singeltall1.1032
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low694.40.8640
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium526.61.1393
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High467.81.2826
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low899.40.6671
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium647.60.9265
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High558.11.0751
Coastal/Long Distance578.21.0377
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind571.31.0502
Predominantly Downwind543.91.1032
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore525.71.1413
Cape Doctor Coastal441.11.3603
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low694.40.8640
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium526.61.1393
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High467.81.2826
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low899.40.6671
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium647.60.9265
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High558.11.0751
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8640
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1393
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2826
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6671
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9265
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0751
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8640
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1393
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2826
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6671
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9265
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0751
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance578.21.0377
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low694.40.8640
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium526.61.1393
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High467.81.2826
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low899.40.6671
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium647.60.9265
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High558.11.0751
Predominantly Upwind571.31.0502
Predominantly Downwind543.91.1032
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1523.81002.1749.0617.9543.6505.4476.7431.5417.0
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance578.21.0377
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low694.40.8640
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium526.61.1393
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High467.81.2826
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low899.40.6671
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium647.60.9265
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High558.11.0751
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1523.81002.1749.0617.9543.6505.4476.7431.5417.0
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low694.40.8640
Triple Number AP Medium526.71.1392
Triple Number AP High467.81.2826
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low941.20.6375
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium647.60.9265
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High558.11.0751
Single Number Predominant Upwind595.81.0071
Single Number Predominant Reaching530.51.1309
Single Number Predominant Downwind569.61.0533
Predominant Upwind - Low836.10.7176
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med630.40.9518
Predominant Upwind - Medium551.21.0886
Predominant Upwind - Med/High513.21.1690
Predominant Upwind - High497.91.2050
Predominant Downwind Low854.00.7026
Predominant Downwind Low/Med621.50.9654
Predominant Downwind Medium522.81.1476
Predominant Downwind Med/High462.91.2961
Predominant Downwind High428.51.4001
Predominant Reaching Low748.60.8015
Predominant Reaching Low/Med565.81.0605
Predominant Reaching Medium493.51.2157
Predominant Reaching Med/High451.71.3283
Predominant Reaching High427.11.4049
SA/DSPL Upwind23.08SA/DSPL Downwind37.65
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1057.60.5673
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med761.40.7881
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium635.10.9448
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High566.51.0592
5-Band Windward/Leeward High538.31.1147
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1057.80.5672
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med767.20.7821
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium645.80.9291
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High583.01.0291
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High559.11.0731
5-Band AP Low772.30.7769
5-Band AP Low/Med601.20.9980
5-Band AP Medium518.71.1567
5-Band AP Med/High474.01.2659
5-Band AP High452.21.3269
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low906.30.6620
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med726.80.8255
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium612.80.9791
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High553.01.0849
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High527.31.1378
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9751
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9976
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.0127
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7185
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7246
Harvest Moon Regatta460.71.3023
Club Certificate2025
SORAYAPOR 8167
Federação Portuguesa de Vela
Doca de Belém
1300-038 Lisboa, Portugal
fpvela.pt
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassCENTURION 40 SMeasurement13/05/2021HINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA12.550Max. Beam3.848Draft2.259Displacement7,600Wetted area32.11IMS L11.301LSM011.162Acc. length12.408Sink (kg/mm) 23.86
VCGD-0.128VCGM-0.013RM Rated (kg·m) 187.2Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight805Declared crew weightN/A
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 3 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.432PBW0.110PIPA0.0038
EDL2.840ST10.042ST20.180
ST30.180ST40.112ST50.290
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerYesMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders2Rotating mastNo
P14.850IG15.635ISP15.920MDT10.130MDL10.230MDT2MDL2TLTaperMWGO
E5.850J4.330BAS1.680FSD0.045SFJ0.000SPL4.360WPLTPSBD0.190MWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM estimatedFlotation Date13/05/2021
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
SORAYAPOR 8167
Federação Portuguesa de Vela
Doca de Belém
1300-038 Lisboa, Portugal
fpvela.pt
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateCommentORC0.120.981.833.364.6447.5828/04/2021
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment00.060.721.402.824.305.8014.74NoNo 42.2328/07/2022
SYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLAreaMeas.DateCommentORC15.2215.2215.227.887.4898.9328/04/2021
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length12.4 mTable area0.55 m²Headroom1.83 mMinimum number of berths5Personal gear stowage0.20 m³Fresh water capacity160 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit5Food stowage0.30 m³Fuel capacity98 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.