Club
Certificate
Double Handed
2024

Boat

ANA BELLA

BUL-8666

ORC Bulgaria
Varna
Mosrka Gara 1
orcratingbulgaria@gmail.com
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles47.2°45.5°44.1°42.9°42.4°42.2°42.4°43.6°
Beat VMG3.013.854.535.055.385.545.635.53
52°4.776.006.947.648.068.308.448.42
60°5.166.407.337.998.408.648.828.85
75°5.446.707.648.288.708.999.389.55
90°5.346.637.618.308.759.109.7310.20
110°4.716.037.138.008.609.049.8610.71
120°4.435.736.837.738.418.889.7310.63
135°3.855.066.147.087.888.489.3310.17
150°3.264.325.236.136.937.638.669.41
Run VMG2.833.744.645.516.327.068.309.13
Gybe Angles143.8°144.4°176.6°178.4°179.3°179.3°179.7°179.9°
APH ToD:569.7CDL: 11.313APH ToT: 1.0531CertNo:016/23
BOAT
ClassCYCLADES 50.5DesignerBERRET/RACOUPEAUBuilderBENETEAUAge date01/2006Series date01/2006Offset fileCYC505CL.OFFData fileBUL8666 DH NS
HULL
Length Overall15.240 mMaximum Beam4.888 mDraft2.098 mDisplacement12,682 kgDLR4.6713IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.360%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationShaft exposedTypeSolid 3 bladesDiameter0.500m
CREW
Maximum weight170 kg(default)Minimum weight120 kg * when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail56.7757.40Headsail Luffed48.3748.37Headsail FlyingSymmetricAsymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail18.23Storm Jib16.38Heavy Weather Jib44.22
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails7 * Woven polyester sails  Spinnakers0 * No spinnaker pole aboard
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.

Club
Certificate
Double Handed
2024

Boat

ANA BELLA

BUL-8666

ORC Bulgaria
Varna
Mosrka Gara 1
orcratingbulgaria@gmail.com
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1195.8934.6795.1712.7668.6649.5639.3650.4
52°754.9599.9518.7471.4446.4433.9426.5427.3
60°698.2562.7491.4450.4428.4416.7408.4407.0
75°661.3537.3471.2434.5414.0400.6383.7377.1
90°674.4543.3473.2433.7411.3395.5369.9352.8
110°764.5596.6505.1450.2418.6398.4365.0336.2
120°813.5628.7527.3465.5428.0405.2370.1338.8
135°935.5711.4586.1508.5457.1424.7386.0353.9
150°1103.5832.6687.7587.3519.6471.7415.8382.6
Run VMG1274.2961.4775.9653.8570.0509.9433.7394.2
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1235.0948.0785.5683.3619.3579.7536.5522.3
All purpose927.0720.5607.8538.3496.1470.3440.9426.3
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward727.30.8250
All purpose569.71.0531
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low823.70.7284
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium566.11.0599
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High465.71.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1091.50.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.40.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High573.41.0464
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance630.90.9510
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low823.70.7284
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium566.11.0599
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High465.71.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1091.50.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.40.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High573.41.0464
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1238.9886.8697.8580.7517.6475.4417.5399.7
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.7506
Downwind "popa"0.8110
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.7677
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.7919
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low823.70.7284
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium566.11.0599
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High465.71.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1091.50.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.40.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High573.41.0464
Predominantly Upwind607.50.9877
Predominantly Downwind604.20.9930
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low823.70.7284
Triple Number AP Medium566.21.0597
Triple Number AP High465.71.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1091.50.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.40.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High573.41.0464
Single Number Predominant Upwind605.60.9908
Single Number Predominant Reaching540.31.1104
Single Number Predominant Downwind605.40.9911
Predominant Upwind - Low898.70.6677
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med704.40.8518
Predominant Upwind - Medium576.21.0413
Predominant Upwind - Med/High507.41.1825
Predominant Upwind - High484.71.2378
Predominant Downwind Low952.60.6299
Predominant Downwind Low/Med727.70.8246
Predominant Downwind Medium571.41.0501
Predominant Downwind Med/High472.81.2689
Predominant Downwind High426.61.4063
Predominant Reaching Low809.40.7413
Predominant Reaching Low/Med632.50.9486
Predominant Reaching Medium513.91.1676
Predominant Reaching Med/High444.31.3503
Predominant Reaching High413.21.4521
SA/DSPL Upwind19.17SA/DSPL Downwind19.17
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1169.80.5129
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med893.90.6712
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium703.00.8535
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High587.81.0208
5-Band Windward/Leeward High541.51.1080
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1163.20.5158
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med893.30.6716
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium708.90.8464
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High601.50.9975
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High561.81.0680
5-Band AP Low880.10.6817
5-Band AP Low/Med684.30.8768
5-Band AP Medium552.31.0863
5-Band AP Med/High475.41.2620
5-Band AP High443.51.3530
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1105.80.5426
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med849.00.7067
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium673.70.8906
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High570.81.0511
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High531.41.1291
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9617
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9633
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9670
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.8706
Bayview-Mac Shore0.8946
Harvest Moon Regatta473.61.2670
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance630.90.9510
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low823.70.7284
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium566.11.0599
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High465.71.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1091.50.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.40.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High573.41.0464
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1238.9886.8697.8580.7517.6475.4417.5399.7
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance630.90.9510
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low823.70.7284
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium566.11.0599
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High465.71.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1091.50.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.40.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High573.41.0464
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1238.9886.8697.8580.7517.6475.4417.5399.7
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance630.9
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1238.9886.8697.8580.7517.6475.4417.5399.7
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low823.70.7284
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium566.11.0599
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High465.71.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1091.50.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.40.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High573.41.0464
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating (Coastal/Long Distance)630.90.9510
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low823.70.7284
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium566.11.0599
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High465.71.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1091.50.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.40.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High573.41.0464
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1238.9886.8697.8580.7517.6475.4417.5399.7
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low823.70.7284
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium566.11.0599
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High465.71.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1091.50.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.40.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High573.41.0464
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7284
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0599
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0464
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1238.9886.8697.8580.7517.6475.4417.5399.7
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance630.90.9510
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low823.70.7284
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium566.11.0599
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High465.71.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1091.50.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.40.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High573.41.0464
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1238.9886.8697.8580.7517.6475.4417.5399.7
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low823.70.7284
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium566.11.0599
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High465.71.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1091.50.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.40.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High573.41.0464
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance630.90.9510
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low823.70.7284
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium566.11.0599
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High465.71.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1091.50.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.40.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High573.41.0464
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1238.9886.8697.8580.7517.6475.4417.5399.7
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance630.90.9510
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low823.70.7284
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium566.11.0599
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High465.71.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1091.50.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.40.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High573.41.0464
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1238.9886.8697.8580.7517.6475.4417.5399.7
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low823.7
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium566.1
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High465.7
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1091.5
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.4
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High573.4
Predominantly Upwind607.5
Predominantly Downwind604.2
Predominantly Reaching560.6
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance630.90.9510
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low823.70.7284
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium566.11.0599
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High465.71.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1091.50.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.40.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High573.41.0464
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1238.9886.8697.8580.7517.6475.4417.5399.7
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7284
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0599
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0464
Coastal/Long Distance0.9510
Predominantly Upwind0.9877
Predominantly Downwind0.9930
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)656.6
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Tretall Distanseseilas Lite vind0.7284
Tretall Distanseseilas Mellomvind1.0599
Tretall Distanseseilas Mye vind1.2883
Tretall Pølsebane Lite vind0.5497
Tretall Pølsebane Mellomvind0.8294
Tretall Pølsebane Mye vind1.0464
Distanseseilas ett tall1.0531
Enkeltall Motvind0.9877
Enkeltall Medvind0.9930
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low823.70.7284
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium566.11.0599
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High465.71.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1091.50.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.40.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High573.41.0464
Coastal/Long Distance630.90.9510
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind607.50.9877
Predominantly Downwind604.20.9930
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore526.61.1394
Cape Doctor Coastal430.71.3931
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low823.70.7284
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium566.11.0599
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High465.71.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1091.50.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.40.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High573.41.0464
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7284
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0599
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0464
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7284
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0599
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0464
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance630.90.9510
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low823.70.7284
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium566.11.0599
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High465.71.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1091.50.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.40.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High573.41.0464
Predominantly Upwind607.50.9877
Predominantly Downwind604.20.9930
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1238.9886.8697.8580.7517.6475.4417.5399.7
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance630.90.9510
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low823.70.7284
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium566.11.0599
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High465.71.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1091.50.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.40.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High573.41.0464
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1238.9886.8697.8580.7517.6475.4417.5399.7
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low823.70.7284
Triple Number AP Medium566.21.0597
Triple Number AP High465.71.2883
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1091.50.5497
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium723.40.8294
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High573.41.0464
Single Number Predominant Upwind605.60.9908
Single Number Predominant Reaching540.31.1104
Single Number Predominant Downwind605.40.9911
Predominant Upwind - Low898.70.6677
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med704.40.8518
Predominant Upwind - Medium576.21.0413
Predominant Upwind - Med/High507.41.1825
Predominant Upwind - High484.71.2378
Predominant Downwind Low952.60.6299
Predominant Downwind Low/Med727.70.8246
Predominant Downwind Medium571.41.0501
Predominant Downwind Med/High472.81.2689
Predominant Downwind High426.61.4063
Predominant Reaching Low809.40.7413
Predominant Reaching Low/Med632.50.9486
Predominant Reaching Medium513.91.1676
Predominant Reaching Med/High444.31.3503
Predominant Reaching High413.21.4521
SA/DSPL Upwind19.17SA/DSPL Downwind19.17
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1169.80.5129
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med893.90.6712
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium703.00.8535
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High587.81.0208
5-Band Windward/Leeward High541.51.1080
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1163.20.5158
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med893.30.6716
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium708.90.8464
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High601.50.9975
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High561.81.0680
5-Band AP Low880.10.6817
5-Band AP Low/Med684.30.8768
5-Band AP Medium552.31.0863
5-Band AP Med/High475.41.2620
5-Band AP High443.51.3530
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1105.80.5426
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med849.00.7067
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium673.70.8906
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High570.81.0511
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High531.41.1291
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9617
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9633
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9670
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.8706
Bayview-Mac Shore0.8946
Harvest Moon Regatta473.61.2670

Club
Certificate
Double Handed
2024

Boat

ANA BELLA

BUL-8666

ORC Bulgaria
Varna
Mosrka Gara 1
orcratingbulgaria@gmail.com
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassCYCLADES 50.5Measurement01/03/2008HINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon RudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA15.240Max. Beam4.888Draft2.098Displacement12,682Wetted area47.39IMS L13.847LSM013.949Acc. length15.240Sink (kg/mm) 37.10
VCGD-0.200VCGM-0.113RM Rated (kg·m) 498.8Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight1,107Declared crew weightN/A
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeSolid 3 blades
InstallationShaft exposedTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.500PBW0.135PIPA0.0319
PSD0.030PHD0.060PHL0.060
PSA15.0°ESL0.890
ST10.023ST20.100ST30.110
ST40.055ST50.210
RIG
Forestay tensionFixedInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerYesMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunners/Checkstays0Spreaders2Rotating mastNo
P16.800IG18.080ISP18.300MDT10.180MDL10.295MDT2MDL2TLNo TaperMW0.295GO0.300
E6.200J5.450BAS1.690FSDFoilSFJ0.400SPLWPLTPS5.700BD0.200MWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodVCG entered directlyVCG entered-0.200Flotation Date22/05/2018
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible

Club
Certificate
Double Handed
2024

Boat

ANA BELLA

BUL-8666

ORC Bulgaria
Varna
Mosrka Gara 1
orcratingbulgaria@gmail.com
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateCommentA0.070.951.903.505.0056.77* Copied from legacy *
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateCommentA5.5917.00NoNo 48.37
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length15.2 mTable area0.77 m²Headroom1.90 mMinimum number of berths7Personal gear stowage0.28 m³Fresh water capacity322 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit7Food stowage0.42 m³Fuel capacity154 l
*This list refers to the calculated requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for the complete list of requirements.