Club
Certificate
2024

Boat

MAJE

FRA-9759

ORC
Central Rating Office
Issuing certificates for
UNITED KINGDOM
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles43.1°41.2°40.1°39.8°39.1°38.8°38.6°39.0°
Beat VMG3.464.134.604.844.975.055.115.10
52°5.246.106.666.947.067.137.197.21
60°5.496.336.847.117.237.317.387.42
75°5.636.476.977.267.437.537.667.75
90°5.616.577.127.437.617.737.928.05
110°5.416.487.137.497.737.928.258.55
120°5.266.347.057.467.778.028.438.72
135°4.775.856.717.247.597.898.428.90
150°4.075.125.976.607.007.307.778.19
Run VMG3.524.435.175.726.066.557.307.77
Gybe Angles144.8°147.4°147.1°147.6°149.1°172.3°175.4°175.9°
APH ToD:577.7CDL: 8.987APH ToT: 1.0387CertNo:091606
BOAT
ClassSwan 41DesignerSparkman&StephensBuilderNautor SwanAge date01/1976Series date01/1973Offset fileSWN41S&S.OFFData file41-047
HULL
Length Overall12.527 mMaximum Beam3.664 mDraft2.080 mDisplacement10,801 kgDLR11.7233IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.440%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationShaft exposedTypeFolding 3 bladesDiameter0.457m
CREW
Maximum weight630 kg(declared)Minimum weight500 kg * when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail34.7035.90Headsail Luffed61.1961.19Headsail Flying77.5677.56SymmetricAsymmetric116.03116.03 (All asymmetric spinnakers with SHW/SFL > 85%)
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail10.14Storm Jib13.27Heavy Weather Jib35.83
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5  Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.

Club
Certificate
2024

Boat

MAJE

FRA-9759

ORC
Central Rating Office
Issuing certificates for
UNITED KINGDOM
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1040.9872.0783.1743.2723.7712.9704.8706.3
52°686.9589.9540.6518.9510.2505.2500.8499.5
60°656.2568.8526.1506.6497.7492.7487.6485.1
75°639.0556.2516.2496.0484.8478.3469.8464.5
90°641.7548.3505.5484.8472.9465.5454.5447.5
110°665.6555.7505.1480.6465.4454.8436.2421.1
120°684.9568.2510.5482.3463.5448.8427.1413.0
135°754.6614.9536.8497.4474.4456.5427.6404.5
150°884.9703.3603.4545.5514.1492.9463.5439.4
Run VMG1021.8812.1696.7629.9593.7550.0493.4463.1
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1031.3842.1739.9686.5658.7631.5599.1584.7
All purpose798.8663.6593.1557.6538.7524.2505.5494.5
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward714.60.8397
All purpose577.71.0387
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low731.20.8206
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium573.61.0461
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High520.81.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low936.60.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium710.30.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High626.10.9583
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance628.70.9543
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low731.20.8206
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium573.61.0461
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High520.81.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low936.60.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium710.30.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High626.10.9583
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1030.4793.1667.6596.1559.6529.7485.7474.9
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.7526
Downwind "popa"0.8754
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.7857
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.8346
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low731.20.8206
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium573.61.0461
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High520.81.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low936.60.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium710.30.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High626.10.9583
Predominantly Upwind619.80.9680
Predominantly Downwind589.41.0181
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low731.20.8206
Triple Number AP Medium573.61.0460
Triple Number AP High520.81.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low936.60.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium710.30.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High626.10.9583
Single Number Predominant Upwind618.60.9699
Single Number Predominant Reaching550.41.0901
Single Number Predominant Downwind590.01.0169
Predominant Upwind - Low797.40.7525
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med674.50.8896
Predominant Upwind - Medium601.00.9984
Predominant Upwind - Med/High566.01.0600
Predominant Upwind - High551.81.0874
Predominant Downwind Low803.90.7463
Predominant Downwind Low/Med660.70.9081
Predominant Downwind Medium569.91.0529
Predominant Downwind Med/High516.21.1623
Predominant Downwind High485.01.2371
Predominant Reaching Low716.00.8380
Predominant Reaching Low/Med603.10.9948
Predominant Reaching Medium534.51.1226
Predominant Reaching Med/High498.41.2040
Predominant Reaching High479.61.2511
SA/DSPL Upwind19.47SA/DSPL Downwind30.60
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low988.30.6071
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med811.00.7399
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium699.20.8581
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High635.30.9444
5-Band Windward/Leeward High602.20.9964
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low991.20.6053
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med818.10.7334
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium710.30.8447
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High651.50.9210
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High623.00.9630
5-Band AP Low768.10.7811
5-Band AP Low/Med643.00.9331
5-Band AP Medium566.41.0593
5-Band AP Med/High526.31.1400
5-Band AP High506.81.1839
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low939.30.6388
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med774.80.7744
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium672.20.8926
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High616.70.9729
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High589.91.0171
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9516
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9745
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.0012
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.9118
Bayview-Mac Shore0.9215
Harvest Moon Regatta506.71.1840
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance628.70.9543
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low731.20.8206
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium573.61.0461
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High520.81.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low936.60.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium710.30.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High626.10.9583
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1030.4793.1667.6596.1559.6529.7485.7474.9
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance628.70.9543
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low731.20.8206
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium573.61.0461
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High520.81.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low936.60.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium710.30.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High626.10.9583
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1030.4793.1667.6596.1559.6529.7485.7474.9
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance628.7
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1030.4793.1667.6596.1559.6529.7485.7474.9
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low731.20.8206
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium573.61.0461
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High520.81.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low936.60.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium710.30.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High626.10.9583
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating (Coastal/Long Distance)628.70.9543
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low731.20.8206
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium573.61.0461
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High520.81.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low936.60.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium710.30.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High626.10.9583
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1030.4793.1667.6596.1559.6529.7485.7474.9
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low731.20.8206
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium573.61.0461
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High520.81.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low936.60.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium710.30.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High626.10.9583
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8206
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0461
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9583
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1030.4793.1667.6596.1559.6529.7485.7474.9
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance628.70.9543
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low731.20.8206
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium573.61.0461
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High520.81.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low936.60.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium710.30.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High626.10.9583
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1030.4793.1667.6596.1559.6529.7485.7474.9
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low731.20.8206
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium573.61.0461
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High520.81.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low936.60.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium710.30.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High626.10.9583
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance628.70.9543
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low731.20.8206
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium573.61.0461
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High520.81.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low936.60.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium710.30.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High626.10.9583
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1030.4793.1667.6596.1559.6529.7485.7474.9
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance628.70.9543
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low731.20.8206
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium573.61.0461
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High520.81.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low936.60.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium710.30.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High626.10.9583
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1030.4793.1667.6596.1559.6529.7485.7474.9
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low731.2
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium573.6
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High520.8
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low936.6
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium710.3
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High626.1
Predominantly Upwind619.8
Predominantly Downwind589.4
Predominantly Reaching561.4
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance628.70.9543
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low731.20.8206
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium573.61.0461
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High520.81.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low936.60.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium710.30.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High626.10.9583
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1030.4793.1667.6596.1559.6529.7485.7474.9
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8206
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0461
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9583
Coastal/Long Distance0.9543
Predominantly Upwind0.9680
Predominantly Downwind1.0181
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)645.6
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Tretall Distanseseilas Lite vind0.8206
Tretall Distanseseilas Mellomvind1.0461
Tretall Distanseseilas Mye vind1.1521
Tretall Pølsebane Lite vind0.6406
Tretall Pølsebane Mellomvind0.8447
Tretall Pølsebane Mye vind0.9583
Distanseseilas ett tall1.0387
Enkeltall Motvind0.9680
Enkeltall Medvind1.0181
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low731.20.8206
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium573.61.0461
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High520.81.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low936.60.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium710.30.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High626.10.9583
Coastal/Long Distance628.70.9543
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind619.80.9680
Predominantly Downwind589.41.0181
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore589.01.0187
Cape Doctor Coastal497.81.2053
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low731.20.8206
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium573.61.0461
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High520.81.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low936.60.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium710.30.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High626.10.9583
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8206
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0461
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9583
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8206
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0461
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9583
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance628.70.9543
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low731.20.8206
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium573.61.0461
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High520.81.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low936.60.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium710.30.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High626.10.9583
Predominantly Upwind619.80.9680
Predominantly Downwind589.41.0181
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1030.4793.1667.6596.1559.6529.7485.7474.9
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance628.70.9543
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low731.20.8206
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium573.61.0461
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High520.81.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low936.60.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium710.30.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High626.10.9583
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1030.4793.1667.6596.1559.6529.7485.7474.9
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low731.20.8206
Triple Number AP Medium573.61.0460
Triple Number AP High520.81.1521
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low936.60.6406
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium710.30.8447
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High626.10.9583
Single Number Predominant Upwind618.60.9699
Single Number Predominant Reaching550.41.0901
Single Number Predominant Downwind590.01.0169
Predominant Upwind - Low797.40.7525
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med674.50.8896
Predominant Upwind - Medium601.00.9984
Predominant Upwind - Med/High566.01.0600
Predominant Upwind - High551.81.0874
Predominant Downwind Low803.90.7463
Predominant Downwind Low/Med660.70.9081
Predominant Downwind Medium569.91.0529
Predominant Downwind Med/High516.21.1623
Predominant Downwind High485.01.2371
Predominant Reaching Low716.00.8380
Predominant Reaching Low/Med603.10.9948
Predominant Reaching Medium534.51.1226
Predominant Reaching Med/High498.41.2040
Predominant Reaching High479.61.2511
SA/DSPL Upwind19.47SA/DSPL Downwind30.60
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low988.30.6071
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med811.00.7399
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium699.20.8581
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High635.30.9444
5-Band Windward/Leeward High602.20.9964
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low991.20.6053
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med818.10.7334
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium710.30.8447
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High651.50.9210
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High623.00.9630
5-Band AP Low768.10.7811
5-Band AP Low/Med643.00.9331
5-Band AP Medium566.41.0593
5-Band AP Med/High526.31.1400
5-Band AP High506.81.1839
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low939.30.6388
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med774.80.7744
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium672.20.8926
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High616.70.9729
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High589.91.0171
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9516
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9745
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.0012
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.9118
Bayview-Mac Shore0.9215
Harvest Moon Regatta506.71.1840

Club
Certificate
2024

Boat

MAJE

FRA-9759

ORC
Central Rating Office
Issuing certificates for
UNITED KINGDOM
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassSwan 41Measurement18/07/2023HIN41-047Plan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon RudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA12.527Max. Beam3.664Draft2.080Displacement10,801Wetted area31.66IMS L9.900LSM09.730Acc. length11.908Sink (kg/mm) 22.39
VCGD0.014VCGM0.000RM Rated (kg·m) 185.4Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight662Declared crew weight630
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 3 blades
InstallationShaft exposedTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.457PBW0.100PIPA0.0041
PSD0.030PHD0.060PHL0.130
PSA16.0°ESL0.893
ST10.026ST20.120ST30.120
ST40.050ST50.185
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayFixedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunners/Checkstays0Spreaders2Rotating mastNo
P14.630IG16.200ISP16.450MDT10.130MDL10.305MDT20.130MDL20.215TL2.000MW0.270GO0.300
E3.960J5.440BAS1.350FSD0.040SFJSPLWPLTPS5.620BD0.150MWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodVCG entered directlyVCG entered0.014Flotation Date05/06/2023
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible

Club
Certificate
2024

Boat

MAJE

FRA-9759

ORC
Central Rating Office
Issuing certificates for
UNITED KINGDOM
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateCommentM010.831.492.5634.7005/06/2023
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateCommentHSF0.111.513.025.507.217.9216.05NoYes077.5605/08/2024H010.951.923.857.6515.90NoNo 61.19H022.669.80NoInner 13.27Staysail
ASYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLRatioAreaMeas.DateCommentAS0116.5315.2315.888.679.1695%116.03
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length11.9 mTable area0.55 m²Headroom1.81 mMinimum number of berths5Personal gear stowage0.20 m³Fresh water capacity148 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit5Food stowage0.30 m³Fuel capacity88 l
*This list refers to the calculated requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for the complete list of requirements.