Club Certificate2025
IsabellaGER-8510
ORC
Central Rating Office
Issuing certificates for
UNITED KINGDOM
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles42.8°42.8°40.5°39.5°38.9°38.7°38.6°38.6°39.2°
Beat VMG2.203.003.614.054.384.584.684.774.75
52°3.404.535.315.886.266.496.636.726.73
60°3.584.745.516.076.436.666.806.916.93
75°3.674.865.666.236.586.826.987.187.24
90°3.604.875.806.416.746.887.037.337.51
110°3.685.005.966.576.937.187.377.607.73
120°3.564.855.836.506.917.207.447.858.10
135°3.224.445.416.206.717.057.347.878.39
150°2.703.844.845.666.326.767.077.608.13
Run VMG2.333.334.204.945.596.146.567.157.63
Gybe Angles147.8°147.8°152.1°155.0°160.1°165.5°172.3°178.1°178.1°
APH ToD:628.1CDL: 7.415APH ToT: 0.9553CertNo:060401
BOAT
ClassSWAN 36DesignerSPARKMAN&STEPHENSBuilderNAUTORAge date07/1968Series date07/1967Offset fileSWN36S&S.offData file36-010
HULL
Length Overall10.910 mMaximum Beam2.940 mDraft1.835 mDisplacement7,001 kgDLR14.3274IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.660%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationShaft exposedTypeFolding 2 bladesDiameter0.412m
CREW
Maximum weight450 kg(declared)Minimum weight320 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail24.6525.03Headsail Luffed31.1331.13Headsail FlyingSymmetric82.5682.56Asymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail7.31Storm Jib9.61Heavy Weather Jib25.95
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5
✱ Woven polyester sails
Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
IsabellaGER-8510
ORC
Central Rating Office
Issuing certificates for
UNITED KINGDOM
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1639.81199.8996.4887.9822.8786.5768.7754.7758.4
52°1057.8795.0678.5612.7575.3554.5543.1535.6535.2
60°1004.5759.7653.1593.1559.8540.8529.6521.3519.8
75°982.2741.3636.1578.2546.8528.1515.5501.6497.3
90°1000.6739.2621.0561.8534.4523.6511.8491.2479.1
110°977.2720.3604.2547.7519.4501.3488.7473.9465.5
120°1012.1742.1617.8553.5521.1500.2483.9458.4444.3
135°1118.3811.4665.0580.6536.2510.3490.5457.6429.1
150°1334.7936.9743.6635.8569.7532.6509.1473.5442.8
Run VMG1544.01081.9856.8729.2643.9586.8548.9503.4471.8
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1590.71140.8926.6808.5733.4686.6658.8629.1615.1
All purpose1221.2890.9736.9653.1604.5576.1558.3537.0525.6
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward766.10.7832
All purpose628.10.9553
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.90.7372
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium624.60.9606
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High554.71.0816
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1033.80.5804
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium762.90.7865
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High654.60.9166
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance681.60.8803
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.90.7372
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium624.60.9606
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High554.71.0816
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1033.80.5804
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium762.90.7865
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High654.60.9166
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1671.41134.9873.1731.7644.5597.5564.5516.4504.1
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.6756
Downwind "popa"0.8483
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.7195
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.7879
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.90.7372
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium624.60.9606
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High554.71.0816
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1033.80.5804
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium762.90.7865
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High654.60.9166
Predominantly Upwind683.90.8773
Predominantly Downwind632.80.9481
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low813.90.7372
Triple Number AP Medium624.70.9605
Triple Number AP High554.81.0816
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1077.70.5567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium762.90.7865
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High654.60.9166
Single Number Predominant Upwind710.20.8448
Single Number Predominant Reaching627.00.9570
Single Number Predominant Downwind659.60.9097
Predominant Upwind - Low986.80.6080
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med757.40.7922
Predominant Upwind - Medium660.70.9081
Predominant Upwind - Med/High608.90.9854
Predominant Upwind - High589.81.0173
Predominant Downwind Low963.10.6230
Predominant Downwind Low/Med717.20.8366
Predominant Downwind Medium609.00.9852
Predominant Downwind Med/High544.01.1029
Predominant Downwind High511.31.1735
Predominant Reaching Low874.60.6860
Predominant Reaching Low/Med668.80.8972
Predominant Reaching Medium583.91.0276
Predominant Reaching Med/High537.21.1169
Predominant Reaching High513.31.1690
SA/DSPL Upwind15.14SA/DSPL Downwind29.11
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1200.00.5000
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med888.00.6757
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium748.00.8022
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High664.80.9026
5-Band Windward/Leeward High631.80.9497
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1211.80.4951
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med902.90.6645
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium765.90.7834
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High686.60.8739
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High657.00.9133
5-Band AP Low895.00.6704
5-Band AP Low/Med710.50.8445
5-Band AP Medium615.00.9756
5-Band AP Med/High561.61.0684
5-Band AP High538.71.1137
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1042.60.5755
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med853.00.7034
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium725.10.8274
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High651.80.9206
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High622.60.9637
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8160
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8481
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.8766
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6232
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6268
Harvest Moon Regatta547.11.0966
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance681.60.8803
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.90.7372
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium624.60.9606
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High554.71.0816
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1033.80.5804
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium762.90.7865
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High654.60.9166
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1671.41134.9873.1731.7644.5597.5564.5516.4504.1
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance681.60.8803
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.90.7372
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium624.60.9606
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High554.71.0816
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1033.80.5804
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium762.90.7865
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High654.60.9166
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1671.41134.9873.1731.7644.5597.5564.5516.4504.1
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance681.6
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1671.41134.9873.1731.7644.5597.5564.5516.4504.1
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.90.7372
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium624.60.9606
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High554.71.0816
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1033.80.5804
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium762.90.7865
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High654.60.9166
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating681.60.8803
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1179.30.8480
FinRating, kova tuuli543.10.9207
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.90.7372
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium624.60.9606
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High554.71.0816
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1033.80.5804
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium762.90.7865
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High654.60.9166
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.8803
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7372
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9606
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0816
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5804
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7865
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9166
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1671.41134.9873.1731.7644.5597.5564.5516.4504.1
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)706.2
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance681.60.8803
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.90.7372
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium624.60.9606
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High554.71.0816
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1033.80.5804
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium762.90.7865
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High654.60.9166
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1671.41134.9873.1731.7644.5597.5564.5516.4504.1
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.90.7372
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium624.60.9606
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High554.71.0816
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1033.80.5804
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium762.90.7865
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High654.60.9166
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance681.60.8803
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.90.7372
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium624.60.9606
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High554.71.0816
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1033.80.5804
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium762.90.7865
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High654.60.9166
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1671.41134.9873.1731.7644.5597.5564.5516.4504.1
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance681.60.8803
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.90.7372
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium624.60.9606
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High554.71.0816
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1033.80.5804
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium762.90.7865
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High654.60.9166
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1671.41134.9873.1731.7644.5597.5564.5516.4504.1
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.9
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium624.6
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High554.7
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1033.8
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium762.9
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High654.6
Predominantly Upwind683.9
Predominantly Downwind632.8
Predominantly Reaching611.2
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance681.60.8803
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.90.7372
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium624.60.9606
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High554.71.0816
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1033.80.5804
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium762.90.7865
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High654.60.9166
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1671.41134.9873.1731.7644.5597.5564.5516.4504.1
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7372
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9606
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0816
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5804
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7865
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9166
Coastal/Long Distance0.8803
Predominantly Upwind0.8773
Predominantly Downwind0.9481
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)706.2
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)0.9553
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.7372
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind0.9606
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.0816
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.5804
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.7865
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind0.9166
Motvind Singeltall0.8773
Medvind Singeltall0.9481
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.90.7372
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium624.60.9606
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High554.71.0816
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1033.80.5804
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium762.90.7865
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High654.60.9166
Coastal/Long Distance681.60.8803
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind683.90.8773
Predominantly Downwind632.80.9481
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore619.30.9689
Cape Doctor Coastal529.01.1342
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.90.7372
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium624.60.9606
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High554.71.0816
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1033.80.5804
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium762.90.7865
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High654.60.9166
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7372
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9606
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0816
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5804
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7865
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9166
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7372
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9606
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0816
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5804
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7865
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9166
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance681.60.8803
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.90.7372
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium624.60.9606
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High554.71.0816
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1033.80.5804
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium762.90.7865
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High654.60.9166
Predominantly Upwind683.90.8773
Predominantly Downwind632.80.9481
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1671.41134.9873.1731.7644.5597.5564.5516.4504.1
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance681.60.8803
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.90.7372
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium624.60.9606
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High554.71.0816
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1033.80.5804
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium762.90.7865
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High654.60.9166
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1671.41134.9873.1731.7644.5597.5564.5516.4504.1
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low813.90.7372
Triple Number AP Medium624.70.9605
Triple Number AP High554.81.0816
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1077.70.5567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium762.90.7865
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High654.60.9166
Single Number Predominant Upwind710.20.8448
Single Number Predominant Reaching627.00.9570
Single Number Predominant Downwind659.60.9097
Predominant Upwind - Low986.80.6080
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med757.40.7922
Predominant Upwind - Medium660.70.9081
Predominant Upwind - Med/High608.90.9854
Predominant Upwind - High589.81.0173
Predominant Downwind Low963.10.6230
Predominant Downwind Low/Med717.20.8366
Predominant Downwind Medium609.00.9852
Predominant Downwind Med/High544.01.1029
Predominant Downwind High511.31.1735
Predominant Reaching Low874.60.6860
Predominant Reaching Low/Med668.80.8972
Predominant Reaching Medium583.91.0276
Predominant Reaching Med/High537.21.1169
Predominant Reaching High513.31.1690
SA/DSPL Upwind15.14SA/DSPL Downwind29.11
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1200.00.5000
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med888.00.6757
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium748.00.8022
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High664.80.9026
5-Band Windward/Leeward High631.80.9497
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1211.80.4951
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med902.90.6645
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium765.90.7834
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High686.60.8739
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High657.00.9133
5-Band AP Low895.00.6704
5-Band AP Low/Med710.50.8445
5-Band AP Medium615.00.9756
5-Band AP Med/High561.61.0684
5-Band AP High538.71.1137
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1042.60.5755
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med853.00.7034
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium725.10.8274
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High651.80.9206
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High622.60.9637
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8160
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8481
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.8766
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6232
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6268
Harvest Moon Regatta547.11.0966
Club Certificate2025
IsabellaGER-8510
ORC
Central Rating Office
Issuing certificates for
UNITED KINGDOM
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassSWAN 36Measurement22/04/1990HIN36-010Plan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA10.910Max. Beam2.940Draft1.835Displacement7,001Wetted area23.65IMS L8.243LSM07.876Acc. length9.555Sink (kg/mm) 15.04
VCGD-0.375VCGM-0.327RM Rated (kg·m) 98.0Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight490Declared crew weight450
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 2 blades
InstallationShaft exposedTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.412PBW0.098PIPA0.0009
PSD0.025PHD0.060PHL0.100
PSA15.0°ESL0.000
ST10.000ST20.000ST30.000
ST40.000ST50.000
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders1Rotating mastNo
P12.100IG13.750ISP13.780MDT10.138MDL10.220MDT20.138MDL20.186TLMW0.190GO0.224
E3.450J4.180BAS1.490FSD0.030SFJ0.000SPL4.460WPLTPSBD0.156MWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodVCG entered directlyVCG entered-0.375Flotation Date21/05/2021
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
IsabellaGER-8510
ORC
Central Rating Office
Issuing certificates for
UNITED KINGDOM
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateCommentM010.140.711.262.172.9224.6523/05/2023
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateCommentH010.070.631.222.433.825.3212.20NoNo 31.1323/05/2023
SYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLAreaMeas.DateCommentSS0112.8012.8012.807.707.9082.5623/05/2023
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length9.6 mTable area0.44 m²Headroom1.67 mMinimum number of berths4Personal gear stowage0.16 m³Fresh water capacity72 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit4Food stowage0.24 m³Fuel capacity42 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.