Club Certificate2025
SHI JI HAOCHN 54
ORC
Central Rating Office
Issuing certificates for
CHINA
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles45.3°45.3°43.3°41.5°40.2°39.4°38.9°39.3°39.9°
Beat VMG2.673.764.675.375.846.096.226.346.32
52°4.275.867.107.978.498.778.909.039.06
60°4.636.277.478.288.769.039.179.319.36
75°4.926.587.748.508.969.289.519.789.92
90°4.736.477.798.659.049.349.6610.1610.48
110°4.796.638.078.969.509.9310.2310.7411.19
120°4.676.517.978.899.479.9910.4711.2511.90
135°3.945.747.348.429.119.6410.1811.3512.94
150°3.374.806.107.358.348.989.4510.3611.42
Run VMG2.924.165.296.377.237.818.269.069.89
Gybe Angles141.5°141.5°144.9°144.7°151.0°152.8°155.9°158.8°147.1°
APH ToD:471.6CDL: 13.141APH ToT: 1.2724CertNo:
BOAT
ClassOceanis 54DesignerBerret RacoupeauBuilderBeneteauAge date01/2023Series date01/2019Offset fileOCE54CL.offData fileCHN54
HULL
Length Overall16.260 mMaximum Beam4.956 mDraft2.291 mDisplacement16,600 kgDLR5.6293IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.200%Age Allowance0.195%
PROPELLER
InstallationShaft exposedTypeFeathering 3 bladesDiameter0.500m
CREW
Maximum weight689 kg(declared)Minimum weight559 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerYesCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail76.2677.19Headsail Luffed76.9276.92Headsail FlyingSymmetricAsymmetric244.93244.93 (All asymmetric spinnakers with SHW/SFL > 85%)
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail23.80Storm Jib19.83Heavy Weather Jib53.54
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails7
✱ One set on the forestay
✱ Woven polyester sails
Spinnakers5
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
SHI JI HAOCHN 54
ORC
Central Rating Office
Issuing certificates for
CHINA
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1347.6958.0771.1670.7616.4591.2578.3567.8569.2
52°843.7613.9506.9451.5423.8410.7404.6398.9397.5
60°777.9574.3482.0434.9411.0398.9392.7386.7384.4
75°732.3546.9464.9423.5401.6388.1378.6368.3363.1
90°760.4556.1462.1416.3398.0385.4372.8354.2343.4
110°751.8542.8446.3401.7378.9362.5351.8335.2321.7
120°770.7553.1452.0404.9380.1360.4343.7320.0302.5
135°913.1626.7490.4427.8395.3373.4353.7317.1278.2
150°1069.4749.8589.8489.7431.8400.9380.9347.4315.2
Run VMG1234.8865.8681.0565.4498.1460.7435.6397.6364.0
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1291.3911.9726.0618.1557.3525.9507.0482.7466.6
All purpose972.3694.4561.3489.5451.3430.0415.9396.5382.6
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward589.01.0187
All purpose471.61.2724
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low627.80.9557
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium467.91.2823
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High412.11.4558
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low819.00.7326
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High502.61.1938
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance516.41.1620
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low627.80.9557
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium467.91.2823
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High412.11.4558
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low819.00.7326
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High502.61.1938
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1368.3907.3680.1554.4482.9446.6419.6378.8365.2
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.8836
Downwind "popa"1.0758
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.9336
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"1.0099
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low627.80.9557
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium467.91.2823
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High412.11.4558
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low819.00.7326
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High502.61.1938
Predominantly Upwind514.01.1672
Predominantly Downwind478.81.2532
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low627.80.9557
Triple Number AP Medium468.01.2822
Triple Number AP High412.11.4558
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low855.40.7014
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High502.61.1938
Single Number Predominant Upwind537.71.1159
Single Number Predominant Reaching470.01.2766
Single Number Predominant Downwind501.71.1960
Predominant Upwind - Low775.50.7737
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med574.81.0439
Predominant Upwind - Medium494.21.2142
Predominant Upwind - Med/High454.51.3201
Predominant Upwind - High438.21.3691
Predominant Downwind Low756.80.7928
Predominant Downwind Low/Med547.01.0969
Predominant Downwind Medium459.01.3073
Predominant Downwind Med/High408.21.4699
Predominant Downwind High378.01.5872
Predominant Reaching Low677.40.8857
Predominant Reaching Low/Med502.81.1934
Predominant Reaching Medium434.41.3812
Predominant Reaching Med/High396.11.5148
Predominant Reaching High373.21.6079
SA/DSPL Upwind23.32SA/DSPL Downwind48.90
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low960.30.6248
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med690.40.8690
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium572.11.0489
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High510.31.1758
5-Band Windward/Leeward High484.11.2395
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low969.90.6186
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med700.40.8566
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium583.81.0277
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High524.61.1437
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High501.21.1971
5-Band AP Low693.10.8657
5-Band AP Low/Med539.31.1125
5-Band AP Medium460.31.3035
5-Band AP Med/High418.01.4355
5-Band AP High397.41.5097
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low826.10.7263
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med658.80.9107
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium550.21.0906
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High493.71.2152
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High469.31.2786
Chicago-Mac Upwind1.0760
Chicago-Mac All Purpose1.1156
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.1494
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7945
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7993
Harvest Moon Regatta404.81.4823
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance516.41.1620
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low627.80.9557
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium467.91.2823
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High412.11.4558
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low819.00.7326
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High502.61.1938
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1368.3907.3680.1554.4482.9446.6419.6378.8365.2
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance516.41.1620
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low627.80.9557
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium467.91.2823
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High412.11.4558
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low819.00.7326
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High502.61.1938
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1368.3907.3680.1554.4482.9446.6419.6378.8365.2
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance516.4
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1368.3907.3680.1554.4482.9446.6419.6378.8365.2
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low627.80.9557
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium467.91.2823
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High412.11.4558
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low819.00.7326
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High502.61.1938
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating516.41.1620
FinRating, kevyt tuuli939.91.0639
FinRating, kova tuuli399.71.2508
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low627.80.9557
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium467.91.2823
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High412.11.4558
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low819.00.7326
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High502.61.1938
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance1.1620
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.9557
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.2823
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.4558
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7326
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium1.0278
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.1938
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1368.3907.3680.1554.4482.9446.6419.6378.8365.2
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)533.7
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance516.41.1620
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low627.80.9557
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium467.91.2823
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High412.11.4558
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low819.00.7326
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High502.61.1938
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1368.3907.3680.1554.4482.9446.6419.6378.8365.2
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low627.80.9557
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium467.91.2823
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High412.11.4558
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low819.00.7326
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High502.61.1938
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance516.41.1620
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low627.80.9557
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium467.91.2823
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High412.11.4558
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low819.00.7326
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High502.61.1938
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1368.3907.3680.1554.4482.9446.6419.6378.8365.2
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance516.41.1620
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low627.80.9557
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium467.91.2823
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High412.11.4558
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low819.00.7326
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High502.61.1938
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1368.3907.3680.1554.4482.9446.6419.6378.8365.2
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low627.8
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium467.9
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High412.1
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low819.0
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium583.8
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High502.6
Predominantly Upwind514.0
Predominantly Downwind478.8
Predominantly Reaching457.7
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance516.41.1620
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low627.80.9557
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium467.91.2823
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High412.11.4558
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low819.00.7326
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High502.61.1938
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1368.3907.3680.1554.4482.9446.6419.6378.8365.2
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.9557
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.2823
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.4558
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7326
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium1.0278
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.1938
Coastal/Long Distance1.1620
Predominantly Upwind1.1672
Predominantly Downwind1.2532
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)533.7
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.2724
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.9557
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.2823
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.4558
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.7326
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind1.0278
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind1.1938
Motvind Singeltall1.1672
Medvind Singeltall1.2532
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low627.80.9557
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium467.91.2823
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High412.11.4558
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low819.00.7326
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High502.61.1938
Coastal/Long Distance516.41.1620
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind514.01.1672
Predominantly Downwind478.81.2532
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore471.41.2728
Cape Doctor Coastal386.81.5513
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low627.80.9557
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium467.91.2823
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High412.11.4558
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low819.00.7326
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High502.61.1938
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.9557
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.2823
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.4558
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7326
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium1.0278
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.1938
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.9557
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.2823
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.4558
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7326
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium1.0278
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.1938
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance516.41.1620
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low627.80.9557
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium467.91.2823
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High412.11.4558
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low819.00.7326
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High502.61.1938
Predominantly Upwind514.01.1672
Predominantly Downwind478.81.2532
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1368.3907.3680.1554.4482.9446.6419.6378.8365.2
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance516.41.1620
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low627.80.9557
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium467.91.2823
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High412.11.4558
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low819.00.7326
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High502.61.1938
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1368.3907.3680.1554.4482.9446.6419.6378.8365.2
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low627.80.9557
Triple Number AP Medium468.01.2822
Triple Number AP High412.11.4558
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low855.40.7014
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium583.81.0278
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High502.61.1938
Single Number Predominant Upwind537.71.1159
Single Number Predominant Reaching470.01.2766
Single Number Predominant Downwind501.71.1960
Predominant Upwind - Low775.50.7737
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med574.81.0439
Predominant Upwind - Medium494.21.2142
Predominant Upwind - Med/High454.51.3201
Predominant Upwind - High438.21.3691
Predominant Downwind Low756.80.7928
Predominant Downwind Low/Med547.01.0969
Predominant Downwind Medium459.01.3073
Predominant Downwind Med/High408.21.4699
Predominant Downwind High378.01.5872
Predominant Reaching Low677.40.8857
Predominant Reaching Low/Med502.81.1934
Predominant Reaching Medium434.41.3812
Predominant Reaching Med/High396.11.5148
Predominant Reaching High373.21.6079
SA/DSPL Upwind23.32SA/DSPL Downwind48.90
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low960.30.6248
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med690.40.8690
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium572.11.0489
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High510.31.1758
5-Band Windward/Leeward High484.11.2395
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low969.90.6186
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med700.40.8566
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium583.81.0277
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High524.61.1437
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High501.21.1971
5-Band AP Low693.10.8657
5-Band AP Low/Med539.31.1125
5-Band AP Medium460.31.3035
5-Band AP Med/High418.01.4355
5-Band AP High397.41.5097
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low826.10.7263
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med658.80.9107
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium550.21.0906
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High493.71.2152
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High469.31.2786
Chicago-Mac Upwind1.0760
Chicago-Mac All Purpose1.1156
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.1494
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7945
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7993
Harvest Moon Regatta404.81.4823
Club Certificate2025
SHI JI HAOCHN 54
ORC
Central Rating Office
Issuing certificates for
CHINA
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassOceanis 54Measurement15/04/2013HINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA16.260Max. Beam4.956Draft2.291Displacement16,600Wetted area52.00IMS L14.544LSM014.339Acc. length16.107Sink (kg/mm) 41.92
VCGD0.181VCGM0.094RM Rated (kg·m) 600.0Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight1,151Declared crew weight689
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFeathering 3 blades
InstallationShaft exposedTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.500PBWPIPA0.0103
PSD0.035PHD0.094PHL0.150
PSA16.0°ESL1.720
ST10.120ST2ST3
ST40.120ST50.300
RIG
Forestay tensionFixedInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerYesMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders2Rotating mastNo
P20.000IG19.850ISP20.150MDT10.170MDL10.320MDT20.170MDL20.320TL0.000MW0.320GO0.342
E6.800J6.800BAS2.050FSD0.055SFJ0.000SPLWPLTPS6.900BD0.250MWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM entered directlyRM entered600.0Flotation Date21/11/2025
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
SHI JI HAOCHN 54
ORC
Central Rating Office
Issuing certificates for
CHINA
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment10.101.122.093.9276.26IRC 2024
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment10.050.981.964.066.198.1618.87NoNo 76.9209/09/2009IRC 2024
ASYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLRatioAreaMeas.DateComment025.6622.2423.9512.1012.9693%244.93IRC 2024
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length16.1 mTable area0.77 m²Headroom1.90 mMinimum number of berths7Personal gear stowage0.28 m³Fresh water capacity354 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit7Food stowage0.42 m³Fuel capacity172 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.