Club Certificate2025
VelaFIN 11648
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles45.6°45.6°43.4°40.0°38.9°38.2°37.9°38.5°39.6°
Beat VMG2.393.293.994.444.774.925.005.044.98
52°3.825.166.096.546.776.937.017.097.09
60°4.185.546.406.796.957.117.207.297.32
75°4.525.886.677.047.257.367.457.637.72
90°4.555.946.757.157.437.657.808.008.12
110°4.185.586.537.077.427.738.028.528.92
120°3.855.296.376.997.397.738.048.749.59
135°3.384.745.876.677.167.547.918.689.86
150°2.804.045.156.086.767.197.568.299.20
Run VMG2.423.494.465.296.006.577.017.698.38
Gybe Angles145.8°145.8°150.5°154.1°160.6°167.5°175.9°178.1°177.2°
APH ToD:577.9CDL: 8.457APH ToT: 1.0383CertNo:
BOAT
ClassDehler 35 CWSDesignerE. G. Van de StadtBuilderDehler YachtsAge date01/1994Series date01/1993Offset fileDEH35.OFFData fileFIN11648
HULL
Length Overall10.510 mMaximum Beam3.336 mDraft1.892 mDisplacement5,100 kgDLR7.2272IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.260%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 3 bladesDiameter0.440m
CREW
Maximum weight400 kg(declared)Minimum weight270 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail34.5334.94Headsail Luffed23.9423.94Headsail Flying51.6951.69Symmetric75.6075.60Asymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail10.99Storm Jib8.14Heavy Weather Jib21.98
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
VelaFIN 11648
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1508.11093.2902.6811.1755.0731.1719.7713.7722.2
52°942.4697.6591.1550.3532.0519.2513.3508.0507.8
60°860.8650.1562.6529.9518.3506.6499.8493.6492.1
75°796.2612.2540.0511.1496.5488.9483.0471.6466.3
90°790.4606.5533.7503.2484.3470.6461.4450.2443.2
110°861.8645.3551.6509.1485.4465.5448.7422.4403.5
120°934.1680.4565.5514.8487.5466.0447.8412.0375.5
135°1064.1758.8613.7539.9502.9477.4455.4414.6365.0
150°1287.0892.2698.8592.0532.7500.4476.2434.0391.4
Run VMG1486.11030.2806.6680.0599.9547.8513.8467.9429.7
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1496.21061.7854.6745.5677.5639.4616.7590.8575.9
All purpose1108.2805.2665.8597.7558.2535.4520.0498.9483.0
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward710.00.8451
All purpose577.91.0383
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low735.60.8157
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium574.71.0441
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.01.1629
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low958.20.6262
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium705.40.8506
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High612.70.9793
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance629.60.9529
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low735.60.8157
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium574.71.0441
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.01.1629
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low958.20.6262
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium705.40.8506
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High612.70.9793
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1590.91058.5801.7672.3595.7555.3525.5478.0459.9
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.7335
Downwind "popa"0.9040
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.7775
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.8450
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low735.60.8157
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium574.71.0441
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.01.1629
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low958.20.6262
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium705.40.8506
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High612.70.9793
Predominantly Upwind625.60.9591
Predominantly Downwind583.81.0277
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low735.50.8157
Triple Number AP Medium574.71.0440
Triple Number AP High515.91.1629
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1001.10.5993
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium705.40.8506
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High612.70.9793
Single Number Predominant Upwind650.50.9224
Single Number Predominant Reaching570.21.0523
Single Number Predominant Downwind609.40.9845
Predominant Upwind - Low886.80.6766
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med684.30.8768
Predominant Upwind - Medium607.00.9885
Predominant Upwind - Med/High567.81.0568
Predominant Upwind - High552.81.0854
Predominant Downwind Low887.50.6761
Predominant Downwind Low/Med659.40.9099
Predominant Downwind Medium563.71.0644
Predominant Downwind Med/High505.21.1877
Predominant Downwind High471.51.2725
Predominant Reaching Low775.50.7737
Predominant Reaching Low/Med602.30.9962
Predominant Reaching Medium535.21.1210
Predominant Reaching Med/High495.81.2102
Predominant Reaching High473.41.2673
SA/DSPL Upwind19.63SA/DSPL Downwind36.97
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1118.80.5363
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med820.50.7312
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium692.20.8668
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High621.30.9658
5-Band Windward/Leeward High592.71.0123
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1124.90.5334
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med831.70.7214
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium707.70.8478
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High641.70.9350
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High617.40.9718
5-Band AP Low805.80.7446
5-Band AP Low/Med646.50.9281
5-Band AP Medium566.81.0586
5-Band AP Med/High522.31.1488
5-Band AP High499.81.2005
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low964.80.6219
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med786.20.7631
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium670.90.8944
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High608.60.9858
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High582.21.0306
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8941
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9258
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9496
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6786
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6846
Harvest Moon Regatta502.21.1949
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance629.60.9529
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low735.60.8157
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium574.71.0441
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.01.1629
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low958.20.6262
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium705.40.8506
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High612.70.9793
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1590.91058.5801.7672.3595.7555.3525.5478.0459.9
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance629.60.9529
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low735.60.8157
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium574.71.0441
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.01.1629
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low958.20.6262
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium705.40.8506
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High612.70.9793
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1590.91058.5801.7672.3595.7555.3525.5478.0459.9
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance629.6
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1590.91058.5801.7672.3595.7555.3525.5478.0459.9
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low735.60.8157
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium574.71.0441
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.01.1629
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low958.20.6262
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium705.40.8506
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High612.70.9793
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating629.60.9529
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1093.70.9143
FinRating, kova tuuli502.40.9952
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low735.60.8157
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium574.71.0441
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.01.1629
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low958.20.6262
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium705.40.8506
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High612.70.9793
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.9529
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8157
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0441
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1629
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6262
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8506
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9793
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1590.91058.5801.7672.3595.7555.3525.5478.0459.9
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)647.2
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance629.60.9529
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low735.60.8157
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium574.71.0441
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.01.1629
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low958.20.6262
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium705.40.8506
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High612.70.9793
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1590.91058.5801.7672.3595.7555.3525.5478.0459.9
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low735.60.8157
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium574.71.0441
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.01.1629
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low958.20.6262
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium705.40.8506
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High612.70.9793
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance629.60.9529
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low735.60.8157
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium574.71.0441
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.01.1629
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low958.20.6262
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium705.40.8506
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High612.70.9793
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1590.91058.5801.7672.3595.7555.3525.5478.0459.9
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance629.60.9529
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low735.60.8157
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium574.71.0441
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.01.1629
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low958.20.6262
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium705.40.8506
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High612.70.9793
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1590.91058.5801.7672.3595.7555.3525.5478.0459.9
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low735.6
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium574.7
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.0
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low958.2
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium705.4
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High612.7
Predominantly Upwind625.6
Predominantly Downwind583.8
Predominantly Reaching559.0
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance629.60.9529
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low735.60.8157
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium574.71.0441
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.01.1629
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low958.20.6262
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium705.40.8506
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High612.70.9793
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1590.91058.5801.7672.3595.7555.3525.5478.0459.9
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8157
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0441
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1629
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6262
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8506
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9793
Coastal/Long Distance0.9529
Predominantly Upwind0.9591
Predominantly Downwind1.0277
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)647.2
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.0383
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.8157
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.0441
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.1629
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6262
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.8506
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind0.9793
Motvind Singeltall0.9591
Medvind Singeltall1.0277
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low735.60.8157
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium574.71.0441
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.01.1629
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low958.20.6262
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium705.40.8506
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High612.70.9793
Coastal/Long Distance629.60.9529
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind625.60.9591
Predominantly Downwind583.81.0277
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore580.41.0338
Cape Doctor Coastal487.71.2302
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low735.60.8157
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium574.71.0441
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.01.1629
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low958.20.6262
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium705.40.8506
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High612.70.9793
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8157
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0441
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1629
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6262
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8506
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9793
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8157
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0441
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1629
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6262
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8506
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9793
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance629.60.9529
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low735.60.8157
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium574.71.0441
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.01.1629
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low958.20.6262
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium705.40.8506
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High612.70.9793
Predominantly Upwind625.60.9591
Predominantly Downwind583.81.0277
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1590.91058.5801.7672.3595.7555.3525.5478.0459.9
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance629.60.9529
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low735.60.8157
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium574.71.0441
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High516.01.1629
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low958.20.6262
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium705.40.8506
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High612.70.9793
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1590.91058.5801.7672.3595.7555.3525.5478.0459.9
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low735.50.8157
Triple Number AP Medium574.71.0440
Triple Number AP High515.91.1629
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1001.10.5993
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium705.40.8506
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High612.70.9793
Single Number Predominant Upwind650.50.9224
Single Number Predominant Reaching570.21.0523
Single Number Predominant Downwind609.40.9845
Predominant Upwind - Low886.80.6766
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med684.30.8768
Predominant Upwind - Medium607.00.9885
Predominant Upwind - Med/High567.81.0568
Predominant Upwind - High552.81.0854
Predominant Downwind Low887.50.6761
Predominant Downwind Low/Med659.40.9099
Predominant Downwind Medium563.71.0644
Predominant Downwind Med/High505.21.1877
Predominant Downwind High471.51.2725
Predominant Reaching Low775.50.7737
Predominant Reaching Low/Med602.30.9962
Predominant Reaching Medium535.21.1210
Predominant Reaching Med/High495.81.2102
Predominant Reaching High473.41.2673
SA/DSPL Upwind19.63SA/DSPL Downwind36.97
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1118.80.5363
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med820.50.7312
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium692.20.8668
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High621.30.9658
5-Band Windward/Leeward High592.71.0123
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1124.90.5334
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med831.70.7214
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium707.70.8478
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High641.70.9350
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High617.40.9718
5-Band AP Low805.80.7446
5-Band AP Low/Med646.50.9281
5-Band AP Medium566.81.0586
5-Band AP Med/High522.31.1488
5-Band AP High499.81.2005
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low964.80.6219
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med786.20.7631
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium670.90.8944
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High608.60.9858
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High582.21.0306
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8941
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9258
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9496
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6786
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6846
Harvest Moon Regatta502.21.1949
Club Certificate2025
VelaFIN 11648
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassDehler 35 CWSMeasurement31/07/2021HINPlan reviewHull constructionCoredCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA10.510Max. Beam3.336Draft1.892Displacement5,100Wetted area23.76IMS L9.090LSM08.902Acc. length10.510Sink (kg/mm) 17.59
VCGD-0.365VCGM0.003RM Rated (kg·m) 111.8Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight583Declared crew weight400
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 3 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.440PBWPIPA0.0008
EDLST1ST2
ST3ST4ST5
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders2Rotating mastNo
P13.180IG12.759ISP14.600MDT10.105MDL10.160MDT2MDL2TLNo TaperMWGO
E4.762J3.750BAS1.440FSDSFJSPL3.740WPLTPS4.570BDMWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS114.6004.570
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM estimatedFlotation Date31/07/2021
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
VelaFIN 11648
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment20.140.821.502.763.7734.5320/05/20232023
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateCommentCode 00.071.812.214.225.636.7413.28NoYes151.6920/05/2023202320.070.531.041.962.893.7812.31NoNo 23.9420/05/20232023
SYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLAreaMeas.DateComment113.7713.7713.776.606.5475.60
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length10.5 mTable area0.44 m²Headroom1.73 mMinimum number of berths4Personal gear stowage0.16 m³Fresh water capacity90 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit4Food stowage0.24 m³Fuel capacity60 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.