Non Spin/HSFClub Certificate2025
HORSMAFIN 8521
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles43.0°43.0°40.5°39.4°38.8°38.2°37.8°37.8°38.7°
Beat VMG2.173.013.664.134.444.614.694.754.69
52°3.374.555.405.976.326.506.596.676.67
60°3.564.775.626.166.486.666.776.876.89
75°3.644.905.786.326.626.847.007.207.28
90°3.514.785.716.316.656.897.117.457.67
110°3.094.315.326.096.566.867.137.638.10
120°2.854.045.065.876.416.767.037.568.09
135°2.423.534.545.376.056.506.817.347.88
150°2.053.054.014.855.576.156.567.107.62
Run VMG1.772.653.514.325.055.696.226.887.39
Gybe Angles152.5°152.5°180.0°180.0°180.0°180.0°180.0°180.0°180.0°
APH ToD:656.4CDL: 7.571APH ToT: 0.9141CertNo:
BOAT
ClassSunwind 30DesignerRogebergBuilderOY SunwindAge date01/1992Series date10/1989Offset filehc18502.offData fileFIN8521
HULL
Length Overall9.250 mMaximum Beam2.810 mDraft1.857 mDisplacement3,801 kgDLR6.7544IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.340%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 3 bladesDiameter0.356m
CREW
Maximum weight400 kg(declared)Minimum weight270 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail24.9725.46Headsail Luffed16.5916.59Headsail FlyingSymmetricAsymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail7.38Storm Jib5.52Heavy Weather Jib14.89
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5
✱ Zero set flying
Spinnakers0
✱ Spinnaker pole aboard
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Non Spin/HSFClub Certificate2025
HORSMAFIN 8521
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1658.31197.9982.3871.7810.9780.8767.0758.5768.0
52°1066.8791.1666.8602.6570.1553.9546.1539.7539.9
60°1010.7754.0640.5584.1555.7540.4531.4524.0522.7
75°989.9735.1622.4569.9543.4526.5514.3499.9494.3
90°1024.5753.3630.3570.7541.4522.1506.1483.3469.4
110°1166.4835.0676.5591.2548.9524.5505.2471.8444.3
120°1261.0890.4711.0613.4561.2532.8512.1476.5444.9
135°1488.91020.3792.1670.0595.3553.6528.5490.6456.7
150°1757.91180.6897.2742.3646.7585.0549.0506.8472.6
Run VMG2035.81360.41025.2832.7713.5632.8578.9523.5487.2
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1843.01279.21003.8852.2762.2706.8672.9641.0627.6
All purpose1386.4982.3788.4685.5627.3593.0571.8547.0532.5
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward804.10.7461
All purpose656.40.9141
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low885.30.6777
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium651.60.9208
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High567.81.0567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1141.60.5256
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium798.50.7514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High669.40.8963
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance715.80.8382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low885.30.6777
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium651.60.9208
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High567.81.0567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1141.60.5256
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium798.50.7514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High669.40.8963
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1992.11287.3947.0770.9669.0615.1578.2525.7508.6
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.6808
Downwind "popa"0.7411
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.6979
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.7219
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low885.30.6777
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium651.60.9208
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High567.81.0567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1141.60.5256
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium798.50.7514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High669.40.8963
Predominantly Upwind696.60.8613
Predominantly Downwind686.40.8741
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low885.30.6777
Triple Number AP Medium651.70.9207
Triple Number AP High567.81.0567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1196.90.5013
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium798.50.7514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High669.40.8963
Single Number Predominant Upwind726.40.8260
Single Number Predominant Reaching661.80.9067
Single Number Predominant Downwind725.30.8273
Predominant Upwind - Low1037.80.5782
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med776.20.7730
Predominant Upwind - Medium669.50.8962
Predominant Upwind - Med/High615.20.9752
Predominant Upwind - High596.51.0058
Predominant Downwind Low1140.30.5262
Predominant Downwind Low/Med803.10.7471
Predominant Downwind Medium654.90.9161
Predominant Downwind Med/High567.91.0565
Predominant Downwind High528.81.1347
Predominant Reaching Low968.40.6196
Predominant Reaching Low/Med713.90.8404
Predominant Reaching Medium608.40.9863
Predominant Reaching Med/High549.61.0917
Predominant Reaching High522.21.1489
SA/DSPL Upwind16.99SA/DSPL Downwind16.99
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1352.30.4437
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med955.20.6281
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium780.60.7687
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High680.80.8813
5-Band Windward/Leeward High644.20.9314
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1333.60.4499
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med954.10.6288
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium789.80.7597
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High698.90.8584
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High667.70.8986
5-Band AP Low1003.50.5979
5-Band AP Low/Med756.90.7927
5-Band AP Medium640.10.9374
5-Band AP Med/High575.91.0419
5-Band AP High548.81.0933
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1151.80.5209
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med912.70.6574
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium755.20.7945
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High668.40.8977
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High636.60.9425
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.7971
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.7992
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.7919
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.5628
Bayview-Mac Shore0.5694
Harvest Moon Regatta568.61.0553
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance715.80.8382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low885.30.6777
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium651.60.9208
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High567.81.0567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1141.60.5256
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium798.50.7514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High669.40.8963
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1992.11287.3947.0770.9669.0615.1578.2525.7508.6
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance715.80.8382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low885.30.6777
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium651.60.9208
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High567.81.0567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1141.60.5256
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium798.50.7514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High669.40.8963
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1992.11287.3947.0770.9669.0615.1578.2525.7508.6
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance715.8
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1992.11287.3947.0770.9669.0615.1578.2525.7508.6
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low885.30.6777
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium651.60.9208
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High567.81.0567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1141.60.5256
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium798.50.7514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High669.40.8963
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating715.80.8382
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1336.50.7482
FinRating, kova tuuli553.20.9038
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low885.30.6777
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium651.60.9208
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High567.81.0567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1141.60.5256
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium798.50.7514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High669.40.8963
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.8382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.6777
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9208
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5256
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8963
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1992.11287.3947.0770.9669.0615.1578.2525.7508.6
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)745.3
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance715.80.8382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low885.30.6777
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium651.60.9208
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High567.81.0567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1141.60.5256
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium798.50.7514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High669.40.8963
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1992.11287.3947.0770.9669.0615.1578.2525.7508.6
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low885.30.6777
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium651.60.9208
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High567.81.0567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1141.60.5256
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium798.50.7514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High669.40.8963
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance715.80.8382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low885.30.6777
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium651.60.9208
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High567.81.0567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1141.60.5256
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium798.50.7514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High669.40.8963
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1992.11287.3947.0770.9669.0615.1578.2525.7508.6
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance715.80.8382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low885.30.6777
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium651.60.9208
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High567.81.0567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1141.60.5256
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium798.50.7514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High669.40.8963
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1992.11287.3947.0770.9669.0615.1578.2525.7508.6
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low885.3
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium651.6
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High567.8
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1141.6
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium798.5
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High669.4
Predominantly Upwind696.6
Predominantly Downwind686.4
Predominantly Reaching649.5
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance715.80.8382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low885.30.6777
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium651.60.9208
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High567.81.0567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1141.60.5256
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium798.50.7514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High669.40.8963
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1992.11287.3947.0770.9669.0615.1578.2525.7508.6
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.6777
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9208
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5256
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8963
Coastal/Long Distance0.8382
Predominantly Upwind0.8613
Predominantly Downwind0.8741
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)745.3
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)0.9141
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.6777
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind0.9208
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.0567
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.5256
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.7514
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind0.8963
Motvind Singeltall0.8613
Medvind Singeltall0.8741
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low885.30.6777
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium651.60.9208
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High567.81.0567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1141.60.5256
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium798.50.7514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High669.40.8963
Coastal/Long Distance715.80.8382
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind696.60.8613
Predominantly Downwind686.40.8741
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore631.60.9499
Cape Doctor Coastal536.91.1176
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low885.30.6777
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium651.60.9208
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High567.81.0567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1141.60.5256
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium798.50.7514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High669.40.8963
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.6777
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9208
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5256
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8963
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.6777
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9208
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5256
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8963
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance715.80.8382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low885.30.6777
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium651.60.9208
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High567.81.0567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1141.60.5256
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium798.50.7514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High669.40.8963
Predominantly Upwind696.60.8613
Predominantly Downwind686.40.8741
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1992.11287.3947.0770.9669.0615.1578.2525.7508.6
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance715.80.8382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low885.30.6777
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium651.60.9208
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High567.81.0567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1141.60.5256
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium798.50.7514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High669.40.8963
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1992.11287.3947.0770.9669.0615.1578.2525.7508.6
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low885.30.6777
Triple Number AP Medium651.70.9207
Triple Number AP High567.81.0567
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1196.90.5013
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium798.50.7514
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High669.40.8963
Single Number Predominant Upwind726.40.8260
Single Number Predominant Reaching661.80.9067
Single Number Predominant Downwind725.30.8273
Predominant Upwind - Low1037.80.5782
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med776.20.7730
Predominant Upwind - Medium669.50.8962
Predominant Upwind - Med/High615.20.9752
Predominant Upwind - High596.51.0058
Predominant Downwind Low1140.30.5262
Predominant Downwind Low/Med803.10.7471
Predominant Downwind Medium654.90.9161
Predominant Downwind Med/High567.91.0565
Predominant Downwind High528.81.1347
Predominant Reaching Low968.40.6196
Predominant Reaching Low/Med713.90.8404
Predominant Reaching Medium608.40.9863
Predominant Reaching Med/High549.61.0917
Predominant Reaching High522.21.1489
SA/DSPL Upwind16.99SA/DSPL Downwind16.99
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1352.30.4437
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med955.20.6281
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium780.60.7687
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High680.80.8813
5-Band Windward/Leeward High644.20.9314
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1333.60.4499
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med954.10.6288
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium789.80.7597
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High698.90.8584
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High667.70.8986
5-Band AP Low1003.50.5979
5-Band AP Low/Med756.90.7927
5-Band AP Medium640.10.9374
5-Band AP Med/High575.91.0419
5-Band AP High548.81.0933
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1151.80.5209
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med912.70.6574
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium755.20.7945
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High668.40.8977
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High636.60.9425
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.7971
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.7992
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.7919
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.5628
Bayview-Mac Shore0.5694
Harvest Moon Regatta568.61.0553
Non Spin/HSFClub Certificate2025
HORSMAFIN 8521
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassSunwind 30Measurement10/05/2020HINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA9.250Max. Beam2.810Draft1.857Displacement3,801Wetted area19.09IMS L8.360LSM08.255Acc. length9.133Sink (kg/mm) 13.81
VCGD-0.028VCGM-0.029RM Rated (kg·m) 61.9Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight524Declared crew weight400
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 3 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.356PBWPIPA0.0034
EDL2.000ST10.048ST20.170
ST30.170ST40.098ST50.350
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays2CheckstaysSpreaders2Rotating mastNo
P10.950IG10.500ISP10.600MDT10.090MDL10.130MDT2MDL2TLTaperMWGO
E3.850J3.600BAS1.520FSDFoilSFJ0.000SPL3.600WPLTPS3.740BDMWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM estimatedFlotation Date21/05/2020
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Non Spin/HSFClub Certificate2025
HORSMAFIN 8521
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateCommentORC0.140.801.442.463.2224.9701/03/2020
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateCommentORC0.050.420.851.662.453.0810.25YesNo 16.5901/03/2020Self tacking jib
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length9.1 mTable area0.44 m²Headroom1.63 mMinimum number of berths4Personal gear stowage0.16 m³Fresh water capacity62 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit4Food stowage0.24 m³Fuel capacity32 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.