Club Certificate2025
Lady RoseFIN 5614
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles43.1°43.1°40.8°40.1°39.6°39.3°39.1°38.9°39.8°
Beat VMG2.443.313.954.344.524.614.674.714.65
52°3.785.025.826.266.466.556.606.666.66
60°4.005.256.036.436.636.726.786.866.87
75°4.145.416.176.576.796.947.047.177.24
90°4.035.316.136.576.857.057.207.437.59
110°3.905.276.246.737.037.257.397.647.84
120°3.765.136.146.707.057.347.587.958.24
135°3.354.655.716.466.897.237.568.219.00
150°2.773.965.025.926.556.937.257.908.67
Run VMG2.393.434.355.145.846.356.747.357.94
Gybe Angles146.7°146.7°151.2°153.0°161.2°168.0°176.3°177.7°177.2°
APH ToD:606.1CDL: 7.742APH ToT: 0.9900CertNo:
BOAT
ClassArtina 33DesignerHans GroopBuilderArteknoAge dateSeries date05/1987Offset fileL0019.BOFData fileFIN5614
HULL
Length Overall9.980 mMaximum Beam3.104 mDraft1.620 mDisplacement4,900 kgDLR8.2071IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.290%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationShaft exposedTypeFolding 2 bladesDiameter0.375m
CREW
Maximum weight340 kg(declared)Minimum weight210 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail27.6028.17Headsail Luffed34.5334.53Headsail FlyingSymmetric82.9982.99Asymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail7.89Storm Jib8.38Heavy Weather Jib22.62
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
Lady RoseFIN 5614
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1478.01087.6911.4829.9797.1781.0771.6763.9773.8
52°951.8717.8618.4574.7557.3549.6545.1540.2540.6
60°899.8685.2597.3559.9543.3535.3530.7524.8524.2
75°868.9665.6583.9548.4530.2519.0511.7502.4497.4
90°893.1677.4587.5547.6525.9511.0500.0484.5474.6
110°923.8682.6577.0534.6512.4496.9487.0471.3459.3
120°958.1701.5586.7537.6510.7490.7474.7452.9436.8
135°1075.5773.4630.4556.9522.4497.7476.3438.7400.1
150°1299.8909.2717.2608.0549.6519.4496.2455.8415.3
Run VMG1504.91049.8827.3699.8616.4566.8534.1489.9453.6
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1489.81068.7869.3764.8706.7673.9652.9626.9613.7
All purpose1132.1828.5689.7621.7586.8566.7552.9533.5520.9
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward736.80.8144
All purpose606.10.9900
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low759.00.7905
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High549.11.0927
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low969.00.6192
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium731.40.8203
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High648.40.9254
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance656.90.9134
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low759.00.7905
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High549.11.0927
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low969.00.6192
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium731.40.8203
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High648.40.9254
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1576.61066.8819.9694.5624.7587.4558.3512.3499.5
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.7068
Downwind "popa"0.8779
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.7507
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.8185
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low759.00.7905
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High549.11.0927
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low969.00.6192
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium731.40.8203
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High648.40.9254
Predominantly Upwind656.10.9145
Predominantly Downwind608.50.9861
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low759.10.7905
Triple Number AP Medium602.00.9966
Triple Number AP High549.11.0927
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1010.80.5936
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium731.40.8203
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High648.40.9254
Single Number Predominant Upwind680.00.8823
Single Number Predominant Reaching602.30.9962
Single Number Predominant Downwind634.60.9455
Predominant Upwind - Low905.10.6629
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med708.70.8466
Predominant Upwind - Medium638.00.9405
Predominant Upwind - Med/High604.20.9930
Predominant Upwind - High589.81.0174
Predominant Downwind Low911.30.6584
Predominant Downwind Low/Med683.10.8784
Predominant Downwind Medium588.41.0198
Predominant Downwind Med/High532.01.1277
Predominant Downwind High500.01.2000
Predominant Reaching Low812.20.7387
Predominant Reaching Low/Med633.80.9467
Predominant Reaching Medium566.01.0600
Predominant Reaching Med/High527.61.1373
Predominant Reaching High505.31.1873
SA/DSPL Upwind21.43SA/DSPL Downwind38.13
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1124.50.5335
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med837.90.7161
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium720.00.8334
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High656.60.9138
5-Band Windward/Leeward High629.10.9537
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1127.90.5320
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med848.60.7070
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium737.40.8137
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High680.10.8823
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High656.70.9137
5-Band AP Low834.90.7187
5-Band AP Low/Med671.00.8942
5-Band AP Medium594.91.0085
5-Band AP Med/High554.81.0815
5-Band AP High534.71.1222
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low973.20.6165
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med803.40.7468
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium698.90.8585
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High644.40.9310
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High619.70.9683
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8586
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8882
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9140
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6629
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6676
Harvest Moon Regatta531.51.1289
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance656.90.9134
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low759.00.7905
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High549.11.0927
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low969.00.6192
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium731.40.8203
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High648.40.9254
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1576.61066.8819.9694.5624.7587.4558.3512.3499.5
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance656.90.9134
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low759.00.7905
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High549.11.0927
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low969.00.6192
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium731.40.8203
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High648.40.9254
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1576.61066.8819.9694.5624.7587.4558.3512.3499.5
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance656.9
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1576.61066.8819.9694.5624.7587.4558.3512.3499.5
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low759.00.7905
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High549.11.0927
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low969.00.6192
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium731.40.8203
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High648.40.9254
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating656.90.9134
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1104.80.9052
FinRating, kova tuuli538.60.9283
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low759.00.7905
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High549.11.0927
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low969.00.6192
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium731.40.8203
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High648.40.9254
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.9134
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7905
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0927
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6192
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8203
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9254
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1576.61066.8819.9694.5624.7587.4558.3512.3499.5
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)675.7
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance656.90.9134
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low759.00.7905
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High549.11.0927
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low969.00.6192
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium731.40.8203
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High648.40.9254
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1576.61066.8819.9694.5624.7587.4558.3512.3499.5
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low759.00.7905
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High549.11.0927
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low969.00.6192
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium731.40.8203
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High648.40.9254
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance656.90.9134
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low759.00.7905
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High549.11.0927
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low969.00.6192
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium731.40.8203
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High648.40.9254
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1576.61066.8819.9694.5624.7587.4558.3512.3499.5
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance656.90.9134
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low759.00.7905
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High549.11.0927
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low969.00.6192
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium731.40.8203
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High648.40.9254
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1576.61066.8819.9694.5624.7587.4558.3512.3499.5
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low759.0
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium602.0
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High549.1
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low969.0
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium731.4
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High648.4
Predominantly Upwind656.1
Predominantly Downwind608.5
Predominantly Reaching588.4
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance656.90.9134
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low759.00.7905
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High549.11.0927
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low969.00.6192
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium731.40.8203
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High648.40.9254
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1576.61066.8819.9694.5624.7587.4558.3512.3499.5
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7905
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0927
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6192
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8203
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9254
Coastal/Long Distance0.9134
Predominantly Upwind0.9145
Predominantly Downwind0.9861
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)675.7
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)0.9900
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.7905
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind0.9967
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.0927
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6192
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.8203
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind0.9254
Motvind Singeltall0.9145
Medvind Singeltall0.9861
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low759.00.7905
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High549.11.0927
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low969.00.6192
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium731.40.8203
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High648.40.9254
Coastal/Long Distance656.90.9134
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind656.10.9145
Predominantly Downwind608.50.9861
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore617.70.9714
Cape Doctor Coastal524.71.1436
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low759.00.7905
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High549.11.0927
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low969.00.6192
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium731.40.8203
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High648.40.9254
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7905
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0927
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6192
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8203
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9254
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7905
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0927
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6192
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8203
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9254
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance656.90.9134
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low759.00.7905
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High549.11.0927
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low969.00.6192
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium731.40.8203
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High648.40.9254
Predominantly Upwind656.10.9145
Predominantly Downwind608.50.9861
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1576.61066.8819.9694.5624.7587.4558.3512.3499.5
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance656.90.9134
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low759.00.7905
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium602.00.9967
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High549.11.0927
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low969.00.6192
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium731.40.8203
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High648.40.9254
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1576.61066.8819.9694.5624.7587.4558.3512.3499.5
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low759.10.7905
Triple Number AP Medium602.00.9966
Triple Number AP High549.11.0927
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1010.80.5936
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium731.40.8203
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High648.40.9254
Single Number Predominant Upwind680.00.8823
Single Number Predominant Reaching602.30.9962
Single Number Predominant Downwind634.60.9455
Predominant Upwind - Low905.10.6629
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med708.70.8466
Predominant Upwind - Medium638.00.9405
Predominant Upwind - Med/High604.20.9930
Predominant Upwind - High589.81.0174
Predominant Downwind Low911.30.6584
Predominant Downwind Low/Med683.10.8784
Predominant Downwind Medium588.41.0198
Predominant Downwind Med/High532.01.1277
Predominant Downwind High500.01.2000
Predominant Reaching Low812.20.7387
Predominant Reaching Low/Med633.80.9467
Predominant Reaching Medium566.01.0600
Predominant Reaching Med/High527.61.1373
Predominant Reaching High505.31.1873
SA/DSPL Upwind21.43SA/DSPL Downwind38.13
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1124.50.5335
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med837.90.7161
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium720.00.8334
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High656.60.9138
5-Band Windward/Leeward High629.10.9537
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1127.90.5320
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med848.60.7070
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium737.40.8137
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High680.10.8823
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High656.70.9137
5-Band AP Low834.90.7187
5-Band AP Low/Med671.00.8942
5-Band AP Medium594.91.0085
5-Band AP Med/High554.81.0815
5-Band AP High534.71.1222
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low973.20.6165
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med803.40.7468
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium698.90.8585
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High644.40.9310
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High619.70.9683
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8586
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8882
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9140
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6629
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6676
Harvest Moon Regatta531.51.1289
Club Certificate2025
Lady RoseFIN 5614
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassArtina 33MeasurementHINPlan reviewHull constructionCoredCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA9.980Max. Beam3.104Draft1.620Displacement4,900Wetted area21.88IMS L8.465LSM08.420Acc. length9.940Sink (kg/mm) 15.52
VCGD-0.027VCGM0.004RM Rated (kg·m) 85.1Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight539Declared crew weight340
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 2 blades
InstallationShaft exposedTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.375PBW0.097PIPA0.0029
PSD0.025PHD0.048PHL0.143
PSA14.0°ESL0.953
ST10.014ST20.072ST30.072
ST40.050ST50.235
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays1CheckstaysSpreaders2Rotating mastNo
P11.700IG12.943ISP12.985MDT10.108MDL10.148MDT20.090MDL20.100TL2.250MW0.148GO0.148
E3.850J3.850BAS1.293FSD0.025SFJSPL3.850WPLTPS0.000BD0.140MWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM estimatedFlotation Date06/03/2020
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
Lady RoseFIN 5614
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment10.250.891.542.583.2727.60
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment25.3012.80NoNo 34.5313.8513.40NoNo 26.26
SYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLAreaMeas.DateComment114.0314.0314.037.1482.99
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length9.9 mTable area0.44 m²Headroom1.70 mMinimum number of berths4Personal gear stowage0.16 m³Fresh water capacity78 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit4Food stowage0.24 m³Fuel capacity48 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.