Non Spin/HSFClub Certificate2025
NonnaFIN-4051
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles42.7°42.7°40.7°39.5°39.2°39.0°39.0°39.3°40.2°
Beat VMG2.433.293.894.254.424.494.534.544.49
52°3.764.965.716.086.266.356.406.446.44
60°3.985.195.906.236.416.516.576.646.66
75°4.145.356.036.366.566.706.816.937.01
90°4.035.276.016.386.616.796.957.187.34
110°3.484.755.686.246.576.817.037.457.80
120°3.284.515.456.116.486.746.987.447.93
135°2.843.994.955.726.236.546.807.277.80
150°2.323.394.375.175.836.276.577.057.53
Run VMG2.012.943.804.565.245.846.266.797.24
Gybe Angles147.4°147.4°154.1°164.0°171.8°178.1°179.5°179.9°179.9°
APH ToD:643.2CDL: 7.267APH ToT: 0.9328CertNo:
BOAT
ClassCOMFORTINA 32DesignerALBINSSONBuilderCOMFORTBAATERAge date06/1989Series date01/1981Offset fileCOMF32.OFFData fileFIN4051
HULL
Length Overall9.311 mMaximum Beam3.304 mDraft1.752 mDisplacement4,702 kgDLR10.4289IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.390%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 2 bladesDiameter0.380m
CREW
Maximum weight400 kg(declared)Minimum weight270 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail30.4831.05Headsail Luffed30.0630.06Headsail FlyingSymmetricAsymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail8.71Storm Jib6.69Heavy Weather Jib18.06
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails1
✱ One set on the forestay
✱ Zero set flying
Spinnakers0
✱ Spinnaker pole aboard
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Non Spin/HSFClub Certificate2025
NonnaFIN-4051
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1479.41095.7924.7846.2815.4801.9794.9792.5802.2
52°958.3726.3630.4591.8575.1567.4562.8558.7558.8
60°903.5693.2610.2577.5561.7552.9548.0542.4540.9
75°870.1672.9597.2566.2548.8537.1528.7519.2513.7
90°893.2683.3599.3564.5544.6529.8518.1501.3490.5
110°1033.1758.3634.1576.6548.3528.6511.9483.1461.3
120°1096.1798.6660.3589.5555.6533.7515.7483.6454.0
135°1269.0903.3726.8629.3578.2550.1529.5495.0461.6
150°1549.71061.2823.5696.1617.2573.8547.9510.9478.4
Run VMG1790.61225.4947.1789.4686.6616.9575.5530.4497.4
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1631.01160.5935.9817.8751.0709.4685.2661.5649.8
All purpose1221.4890.3737.8662.0621.7597.9582.7563.1550.2
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward783.90.7654
All purpose643.20.9328
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low814.10.7370
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium638.80.9392
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High579.21.0360
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.20.5724
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.30.7709
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High682.40.8793
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance699.30.8580
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low814.10.7370
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium638.80.9392
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High579.21.0360
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.20.5724
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.30.7709
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High682.40.8793
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1754.91167.0883.4741.9662.2620.0589.2540.1524.6
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.6918
Downwind "popa"0.7819
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.7166
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.7525
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low814.10.7370
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium638.80.9392
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High579.21.0360
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.20.5724
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.30.7709
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High682.40.8793
Predominantly Upwind684.20.8769
Predominantly Downwind662.20.9061
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low814.10.7370
Triple Number AP Medium638.90.9391
Triple Number AP High579.11.0360
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1095.10.5479
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.30.7709
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High682.40.8793
Single Number Predominant Upwind708.70.8466
Single Number Predominant Reaching640.50.9368
Single Number Predominant Downwind693.70.8649
Predominant Upwind - Low941.70.6371
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med738.50.8124
Predominant Upwind - Medium664.90.9024
Predominant Upwind - Med/High630.00.9524
Predominant Upwind - High616.90.9726
Predominant Downwind Low1021.00.5876
Predominant Downwind Low/Med752.60.7972
Predominant Downwind Medium638.20.9402
Predominant Downwind Med/High571.31.0502
Predominant Downwind High539.21.1127
Predominant Reaching Low870.30.6894
Predominant Reaching Low/Med675.80.8878
Predominant Reaching Medium600.30.9996
Predominant Reaching Med/High558.21.0749
Predominant Reaching High536.41.1186
SA/DSPL Upwind21.46SA/DSPL Downwind21.46
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1223.00.4906
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med900.10.6666
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium765.00.7843
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High690.80.8686
5-Band Windward/Leeward High663.50.9042
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1208.20.4966
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med901.30.6657
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium777.10.7721
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High712.10.8426
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High689.70.8699
5-Band AP Low905.90.6624
5-Band AP Low/Med716.40.8375
5-Band AP Medium630.80.9512
5-Band AP Med/High585.21.0253
5-Band AP High564.31.0634
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1049.70.5716
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med860.10.6976
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium741.50.8092
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High679.50.8830
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High655.70.9150
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8240
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8331
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.8338
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6149
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6218
Harvest Moon Regatta565.71.0605
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance699.30.8580
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low814.10.7370
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium638.80.9392
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High579.21.0360
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.20.5724
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.30.7709
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High682.40.8793
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1754.91167.0883.4741.9662.2620.0589.2540.1524.6
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance699.30.8580
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low814.10.7370
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium638.80.9392
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High579.21.0360
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.20.5724
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.30.7709
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High682.40.8793
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1754.91167.0883.4741.9662.2620.0589.2540.1524.6
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance699.3
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1754.91167.0883.4741.9662.2620.0589.2540.1524.6
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low814.10.7370
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium638.80.9392
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High579.21.0360
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.20.5724
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.30.7709
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High682.40.8793
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating699.30.8580
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1203.50.8309
FinRating, kova tuuli568.40.8796
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low814.10.7370
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium638.80.9392
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High579.21.0360
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.20.5724
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.30.7709
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High682.40.8793
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.8580
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7370
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9392
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0360
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5724
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7709
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8793
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1754.91167.0883.4741.9662.2620.0589.2540.1524.6
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)719.1
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance699.30.8580
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low814.10.7370
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium638.80.9392
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High579.21.0360
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.20.5724
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.30.7709
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High682.40.8793
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1754.91167.0883.4741.9662.2620.0589.2540.1524.6
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low814.10.7370
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium638.80.9392
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High579.21.0360
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.20.5724
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.30.7709
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High682.40.8793
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance699.30.8580
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low814.10.7370
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium638.80.9392
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High579.21.0360
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.20.5724
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.30.7709
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High682.40.8793
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1754.91167.0883.4741.9662.2620.0589.2540.1524.6
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance699.30.8580
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low814.10.7370
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium638.80.9392
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High579.21.0360
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.20.5724
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.30.7709
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High682.40.8793
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1754.91167.0883.4741.9662.2620.0589.2540.1524.6
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low814.1
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium638.8
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High579.2
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.2
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.3
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High682.4
Predominantly Upwind684.2
Predominantly Downwind662.2
Predominantly Reaching630.9
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance699.30.8580
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low814.10.7370
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium638.80.9392
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High579.21.0360
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.20.5724
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.30.7709
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High682.40.8793
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1754.91167.0883.4741.9662.2620.0589.2540.1524.6
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7370
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9392
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0360
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5724
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7709
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8793
Coastal/Long Distance0.8580
Predominantly Upwind0.8769
Predominantly Downwind0.9061
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)719.1
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)0.9328
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.7370
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind0.9392
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.0360
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.5724
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.7709
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind0.8793
Motvind Singeltall0.8769
Medvind Singeltall0.9061
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low814.10.7370
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium638.80.9392
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High579.21.0360
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.20.5724
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.30.7709
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High682.40.8793
Coastal/Long Distance699.30.8580
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind684.20.8769
Predominantly Downwind662.20.9061
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore653.30.9184
Cape Doctor Coastal554.01.0829
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low814.10.7370
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium638.80.9392
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High579.21.0360
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.20.5724
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.30.7709
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High682.40.8793
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7370
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9392
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0360
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5724
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7709
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8793
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7370
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9392
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0360
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5724
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7709
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8793
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance699.30.8580
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low814.10.7370
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium638.80.9392
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High579.21.0360
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.20.5724
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.30.7709
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High682.40.8793
Predominantly Upwind684.20.8769
Predominantly Downwind662.20.9061
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1754.91167.0883.4741.9662.2620.0589.2540.1524.6
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance699.30.8580
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low814.10.7370
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium638.80.9392
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High579.21.0360
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.20.5724
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.30.7709
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High682.40.8793
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1754.91167.0883.4741.9662.2620.0589.2540.1524.6
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low814.10.7370
Triple Number AP Medium638.90.9391
Triple Number AP High579.11.0360
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1095.10.5479
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.30.7709
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High682.40.8793
Single Number Predominant Upwind708.70.8466
Single Number Predominant Reaching640.50.9368
Single Number Predominant Downwind693.70.8649
Predominant Upwind - Low941.70.6371
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med738.50.8124
Predominant Upwind - Medium664.90.9024
Predominant Upwind - Med/High630.00.9524
Predominant Upwind - High616.90.9726
Predominant Downwind Low1021.00.5876
Predominant Downwind Low/Med752.60.7972
Predominant Downwind Medium638.20.9402
Predominant Downwind Med/High571.31.0502
Predominant Downwind High539.21.1127
Predominant Reaching Low870.30.6894
Predominant Reaching Low/Med675.80.8878
Predominant Reaching Medium600.30.9996
Predominant Reaching Med/High558.21.0749
Predominant Reaching High536.41.1186
SA/DSPL Upwind21.46SA/DSPL Downwind21.46
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1223.00.4906
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med900.10.6666
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium765.00.7843
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High690.80.8686
5-Band Windward/Leeward High663.50.9042
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1208.20.4966
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med901.30.6657
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium777.10.7721
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High712.10.8426
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High689.70.8699
5-Band AP Low905.90.6624
5-Band AP Low/Med716.40.8375
5-Band AP Medium630.80.9512
5-Band AP Med/High585.21.0253
5-Band AP High564.31.0634
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1049.70.5716
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med860.10.6976
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium741.50.8092
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High679.50.8830
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High655.70.9150
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8240
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8331
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.8338
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6149
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6218
Harvest Moon Regatta565.71.0605
Non Spin/HSFClub Certificate2025
NonnaFIN-4051
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassCOMFORTINA 32Measurement01/01/2023HINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA9.311Max. Beam3.304Draft1.752Displacement4,702Wetted area19.86IMS L7.826LSM07.667Acc. length9.311Sink (kg/mm) 14.33
VCGD-0.004VCGM0.034RM Rated (kg·m) 75.8Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight471Declared crew weight400
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 2 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.380PBW0.102PIPA0.0030
EDL1.740ST10.047ST20.170
ST30.170ST40.098ST50.250
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerYesMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders1Rotating mastNo
P12.600IG11.500ISP11.500MDT10.115MDL10.170MDT2MDL2TL1.400MW0.170GO0.190
E3.950J3.550BAS1.500FSD0.030SFJ0.000SPL3.550WPLTPSBD0.130MWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM estimatedFlotation Date09/03/1993
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Non Spin/HSFClub Certificate2025
NonnaFIN-4051
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateCommentORC0.200.911.582.653.3630.48
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment25.3311.08NoNo 30.0627/02/2023
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length9.3 mTable area0.44 m²Headroom1.65 mMinimum number of berths4Personal gear stowage0.16 m³Fresh water capacity66 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit4Food stowage0.24 m³Fuel capacity36 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.