Double HandedClub Certificate2025
GretaFIN 12237
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles43.4°43.4°41.6°40.5°39.8°39.3°39.3°39.6°41.4°
Beat VMG2.673.634.324.704.864.955.005.024.85
52°4.165.546.446.887.047.127.177.237.18
60°4.455.846.707.107.277.357.407.477.45
75°4.676.086.887.297.537.677.757.887.93
90°4.596.006.867.327.627.878.068.298.45
110°4.295.826.907.467.868.198.408.758.93
120°4.165.686.787.387.828.238.639.229.71
135°3.655.106.267.057.537.968.399.3911.13
150°3.014.295.416.367.037.467.838.599.55
Run VMG2.613.724.695.516.116.576.977.638.31
Gybe Angles143.0°143.0°147.5°149.8°152.5°158.1°162.6°163.3°159.1°
APH ToD:556.4CDL: 8.886APH ToT: 1.0785CertNo:
BOAT
ClassDehler 35DesignerSimonis VoogdBuilderHanse Yachts AGAge date01/2012Series date05/2007Offset fileDE35ND.offData fileFIN12237
HULL
Length Overall10.500 mMaximum Beam3.466 mDraft2.021 mDisplacement6,000 kgDLR6.7249IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.200%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 2 bladesDiameter0.410m
CREW
Maximum weight140 kg(declared)Minimum weight120 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail40.4041.08Headsail Luffed29.6829.68Headsail Flying47.2747.27SymmetricAsymmetric90.4290.42 (All asymmetric spinnakers with SHW/SFL > 85%)
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail11.97Storm Jib10.66Heavy Weather Jib28.78
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
GretaFIN 12237
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1347.9992.8834.3766.1740.3727.7720.0717.7741.5
52°864.9650.0559.2523.5511.3505.9501.8498.0501.5
60°809.0616.1537.7507.1495.3489.7486.5481.9483.2
75°770.1592.6522.9494.0478.2469.1464.3457.1454.2
90°784.7599.7524.8491.8472.3457.6446.5434.1426.2
110°838.7618.3521.6482.4457.7439.8428.8411.3403.2
120°866.4634.3531.0487.6460.5437.4417.0390.4370.6
135°985.2706.3575.2510.8477.9452.2428.9383.3323.5
150°1194.4839.1665.0566.2512.1482.4459.7418.9377.1
Run VMG1379.3968.9767.9653.8588.9547.6516.4471.8433.3
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1362.6980.8801.1709.9664.6637.7618.2594.8587.4
All purpose1028.1753.5628.9570.0540.5521.8508.2489.4478.5
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward689.60.8701
All purpose556.41.0785
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low691.20.8681
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium553.01.0850
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High504.51.1892
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low891.00.6734
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.30.8768
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High614.30.9768
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance605.40.9910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low691.20.8681
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium553.01.0850
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High504.51.1892
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low891.00.6734
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.30.8768
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High614.30.9768
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1447.2979.6753.8640.9577.8542.2512.3465.7453.9
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.7638
Downwind "popa"0.9302
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.8071
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.8731
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low691.20.8681
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium553.01.0850
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High504.51.1892
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low891.00.6734
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.30.8768
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High614.30.9768
Predominantly Upwind602.60.9957
Predominantly Downwind561.61.0684
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low691.20.8681
Triple Number AP Medium553.11.0849
Triple Number AP High504.51.1892
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.10.6458
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.30.8768
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High614.30.9768
Single Number Predominant Upwind624.50.9608
Single Number Predominant Reaching547.71.0954
Single Number Predominant Downwind584.51.0265
Predominant Upwind - Low822.50.7295
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med647.50.9266
Predominant Upwind - Medium587.41.0215
Predominant Upwind - Med/High558.31.0748
Predominant Upwind - High545.81.0993
Predominant Downwind Low831.90.7213
Predominant Downwind Low/Med627.30.9565
Predominant Downwind Medium544.61.1017
Predominant Downwind Med/High492.81.2175
Predominant Downwind High458.71.3080
Predominant Reaching Low734.10.8173
Predominant Reaching Low/Med575.91.0419
Predominant Reaching Medium516.71.1613
Predominant Reaching Med/High480.51.2486
Predominant Reaching High457.41.3119
SA/DSPL Upwind21.10SA/DSPL Downwind39.38
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1031.60.5816
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med775.30.7739
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium675.10.8888
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High621.40.9655
5-Band Windward/Leeward High597.51.0041
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1033.70.5805
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med784.20.7652
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium689.80.8699
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High641.70.9350
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High622.50.9639
5-Band AP Low757.90.7917
5-Band AP Low/Med613.40.9781
5-Band AP Medium546.91.0971
5-Band AP Med/High510.01.1764
5-Band AP High490.81.2226
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low892.40.6724
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med741.30.8094
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium651.20.9214
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High603.70.9939
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High581.41.0319
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9362
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9672
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9924
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7240
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7298
Harvest Moon Regatta482.01.2447
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance605.40.9910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low691.20.8681
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium553.01.0850
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High504.51.1892
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low891.00.6734
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.30.8768
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High614.30.9768
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1447.2979.6753.8640.9577.8542.2512.3465.7453.9
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance605.40.9910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low691.20.8681
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium553.01.0850
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High504.51.1892
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low891.00.6734
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.30.8768
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High614.30.9768
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1447.2979.6753.8640.9577.8542.2512.3465.7453.9
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance605.4
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1447.2979.6753.8640.9577.8542.2512.3465.7453.9
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low691.20.8681
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium553.01.0850
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High504.51.1892
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low891.00.6734
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.30.8768
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High614.30.9768
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating605.40.9910
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1010.70.9894
FinRating, kova tuuli494.11.0120
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low691.20.8681
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium553.01.0850
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High504.51.1892
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low891.00.6734
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.30.8768
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High614.30.9768
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.9910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8681
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0850
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1892
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6734
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8768
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9768
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1447.2979.6753.8640.9577.8542.2512.3465.7453.9
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)619.0
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance605.40.9910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low691.20.8681
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium553.01.0850
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High504.51.1892
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low891.00.6734
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.30.8768
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High614.30.9768
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1447.2979.6753.8640.9577.8542.2512.3465.7453.9
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low691.20.8681
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium553.01.0850
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High504.51.1892
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low891.00.6734
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.30.8768
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High614.30.9768
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance605.40.9910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low691.20.8681
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium553.01.0850
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High504.51.1892
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low891.00.6734
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.30.8768
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High614.30.9768
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1447.2979.6753.8640.9577.8542.2512.3465.7453.9
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance605.40.9910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low691.20.8681
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium553.01.0850
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High504.51.1892
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low891.00.6734
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.30.8768
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High614.30.9768
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1447.2979.6753.8640.9577.8542.2512.3465.7453.9
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low691.2
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium553.0
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High504.5
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low891.0
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.3
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High614.3
Predominantly Upwind602.6
Predominantly Downwind561.6
Predominantly Reaching537.6
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance605.40.9910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low691.20.8681
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium553.01.0850
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High504.51.1892
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low891.00.6734
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.30.8768
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High614.30.9768
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1447.2979.6753.8640.9577.8542.2512.3465.7453.9
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8681
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0850
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1892
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6734
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8768
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9768
Coastal/Long Distance0.9910
Predominantly Upwind0.9957
Predominantly Downwind1.0684
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)619.0
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.0785
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.8681
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.0850
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.1892
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6734
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.8768
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind0.9768
Motvind Singeltall0.9957
Medvind Singeltall1.0684
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low691.20.8681
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium553.01.0850
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High504.51.1892
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low891.00.6734
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.30.8768
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High614.30.9768
Coastal/Long Distance605.40.9910
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind602.60.9957
Predominantly Downwind561.61.0684
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore589.61.0176
Cape Doctor Coastal481.81.2453
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low691.20.8681
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium553.01.0850
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High504.51.1892
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low891.00.6734
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.30.8768
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High614.30.9768
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8681
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0850
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1892
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6734
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8768
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9768
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8681
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0850
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1892
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6734
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8768
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9768
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance605.40.9910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low691.20.8681
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium553.01.0850
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High504.51.1892
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low891.00.6734
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.30.8768
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High614.30.9768
Predominantly Upwind602.60.9957
Predominantly Downwind561.61.0684
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1447.2979.6753.8640.9577.8542.2512.3465.7453.9
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance605.40.9910
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low691.20.8681
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium553.01.0850
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High504.51.1892
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low891.00.6734
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.30.8768
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High614.30.9768
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1447.2979.6753.8640.9577.8542.2512.3465.7453.9
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low691.20.8681
Triple Number AP Medium553.11.0849
Triple Number AP High504.51.1892
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low929.10.6458
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium684.30.8768
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High614.30.9768
Single Number Predominant Upwind624.50.9608
Single Number Predominant Reaching547.71.0954
Single Number Predominant Downwind584.51.0265
Predominant Upwind - Low822.50.7295
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med647.50.9266
Predominant Upwind - Medium587.41.0215
Predominant Upwind - Med/High558.31.0748
Predominant Upwind - High545.81.0993
Predominant Downwind Low831.90.7213
Predominant Downwind Low/Med627.30.9565
Predominant Downwind Medium544.61.1017
Predominant Downwind Med/High492.81.2175
Predominant Downwind High458.71.3080
Predominant Reaching Low734.10.8173
Predominant Reaching Low/Med575.91.0419
Predominant Reaching Medium516.71.1613
Predominant Reaching Med/High480.51.2486
Predominant Reaching High457.41.3119
SA/DSPL Upwind21.10SA/DSPL Downwind39.38
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1031.60.5816
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med775.30.7739
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium675.10.8888
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High621.40.9655
5-Band Windward/Leeward High597.51.0041
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1033.70.5805
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med784.20.7652
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium689.80.8699
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High641.70.9350
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High622.50.9639
5-Band AP Low757.90.7917
5-Band AP Low/Med613.40.9781
5-Band AP Medium546.91.0971
5-Band AP Med/High510.01.1764
5-Band AP High490.81.2226
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low892.40.6724
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med741.30.8094
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium651.20.9214
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High603.70.9939
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High581.41.0319
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9362
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9672
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9924
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7240
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7298
Harvest Moon Regatta482.01.2447
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
GretaFIN 12237
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassDehler 35MeasurementHINPlan reviewHull constructionCoredCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA10.500Max. Beam3.466Draft2.021Displacement6,000Wetted area26.82IMS L9.634LSM09.626Acc. length10.500Sink (kg/mm) 19.34
VCGD-0.168VCGM-0.101RM Rated (kg·m) 141.9Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight170Declared crew weight140
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 2 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.410PBWPIPA0.0007
EDLST1ST2
ST3ST4ST5
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstaysCheckstaysSpreaders2Rotating mastNo
P14.550IG14.600ISP14.800MDT10.111MDL10.212MDT2MDL2TLTaperMWGO
E4.700J4.100BAS1.580FSDSFJSPLWPLTPS4.970BDMWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM estimatedFlotation Date13/08/2024
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
GretaFIN 12237
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment00.151.011.782.983.9040.40
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment00.000.000.000.004.396.9114.19NoYes047.2700.000.000.961.910.004.1014.66NoNo 29.68
ASYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLRatioAreaMeas.DateComment014.8413.4314.147.607.9895%90.42
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length10.5 mTable area0.44 m²Headroom1.73 mMinimum number of berths4Personal gear stowage0.16 m³Fresh water capacity90 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit4Food stowage0.24 m³Fuel capacity60 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.