Double HandedClub Certificate2025
NonnaFIN-4051
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles42.3°42.3°40.5°40.2°40.2°40.2°40.3°40.7°41.9°
Beat VMG2.453.283.844.154.284.354.384.374.28
52°3.744.915.646.016.186.256.306.336.31
60°3.945.145.846.186.356.446.496.546.55
75°4.105.305.986.336.526.666.756.866.92
90°4.025.245.976.366.606.786.927.127.26
110°3.865.166.036.486.766.997.157.377.54
120°3.694.995.916.426.757.027.267.667.91
135°3.274.505.476.186.586.897.187.748.37
150°2.683.834.845.696.276.636.927.498.12
Run VMG2.323.324.204.965.646.146.517.067.59
Gybe Angles147.1°147.1°152.3°155.2°164.2°171.8°178.1°178.6°178.1°
APH ToD:632.0CDL: 7.009APH ToT: 0.9493CertNo:
BOAT
ClassCOMFORTINA 32DesignerALBINSSONBuilderCOMFORTBAATERAge date06/1989Series date01/1981Offset fileCOMF32.OFFData fileFIN4051
HULL
Length Overall9.311 mMaximum Beam3.304 mDraft1.754 mDisplacement4,702 kgDLR10.5727IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.360%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 2 bladesDiameter0.380m
CREW
Maximum weight200 kg(declared)Minimum weight120 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail30.4831.05Headsail Luffed30.0630.06Headsail FlyingSymmetric64.9964.99Asymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail8.71Storm Jib6.69Heavy Weather Jib18.06
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5
✱ One set on the forestay
Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
NonnaFIN-4051
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1469.91098.9938.0867.5840.5828.4822.8822.9840.8
52°963.5732.9638.3599.0583.0575.8571.8568.5570.6
60°913.5700.8616.4582.5567.1559.2554.8550.1549.9
75°879.0679.1601.7569.0551.9540.9533.5525.1520.5
90°896.5687.0603.0566.3545.5531.2520.5505.3495.8
110°932.8697.5597.0555.9532.3515.3503.4488.2477.3
120°975.0721.1609.2560.7533.5512.8495.9470.0455.3
135°1100.7799.5657.6582.2547.1522.4501.3464.9429.9
150°1340.8940.5744.1632.8574.0543.1520.0480.6443.3
Run VMG1554.41086.0857.2725.9638.0586.5553.4509.8474.2
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1509.41092.5897.6796.7739.2707.5688.1666.3657.5
All purpose1145.8846.8712.5647.3613.3593.8580.8563.5553.8
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward769.10.7801
All purpose632.00.9493
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low779.60.7696
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium628.00.9554
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High577.51.0389
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low995.00.6030
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium763.70.7857
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.80.8762
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance685.00.8759
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low779.60.7696
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium628.00.9554
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High577.51.0389
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low995.00.6030
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium763.70.7857
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.80.8762
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1599.61091.8846.7723.3653.6615.9586.1537.4526.3
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.6753
Downwind "popa"0.8474
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.7191
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.7872
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low779.60.7696
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium628.00.9554
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High577.51.0389
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low995.00.6030
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium763.70.7857
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.80.8762
Predominantly Upwind684.60.8764
Predominantly Downwind633.10.9476
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low779.60.7696
Triple Number AP Medium628.10.9553
Triple Number AP High577.51.0389
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1036.60.5788
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium763.70.7857
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.80.8762
Single Number Predominant Upwind708.10.8473
Single Number Predominant Reaching625.60.9591
Single Number Predominant Downwind659.60.9096
Predominant Upwind - Low921.00.6515
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med733.40.8181
Predominant Upwind - Medium667.50.8988
Predominant Upwind - Med/High637.10.9417
Predominant Upwind - High625.90.9586
Predominant Downwind Low936.30.6408
Predominant Downwind Low/Med708.20.8472
Predominant Downwind Medium613.10.9786
Predominant Downwind Med/High557.01.0772
Predominant Downwind High526.41.1399
Predominant Reaching Low829.80.7231
Predominant Reaching Low/Med655.90.9148
Predominant Reaching Medium590.11.0168
Predominant Reaching Med/High552.91.0853
Predominant Reaching High532.11.1276
SA/DSPL Upwind21.46SA/DSPL Downwind33.84
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1148.70.5223
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med867.30.6918
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium752.40.7974
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High692.00.8671
5-Band Windward/Leeward High668.60.8975
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1149.20.5221
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med878.40.6831
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium771.80.7774
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High718.60.8349
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High700.00.8571
5-Band AP Low854.50.7022
5-Band AP Low/Med694.60.8638
5-Band AP Medium621.20.9658
5-Band AP Med/High582.81.0295
5-Band AP High564.81.0624
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low996.20.6023
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med832.20.7210
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium731.60.8201
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High680.60.8815
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High659.90.9092
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8262
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8554
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.8802
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6458
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6509
Harvest Moon Regatta553.51.0840
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance685.00.8759
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low779.60.7696
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium628.00.9554
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High577.51.0389
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low995.00.6030
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium763.70.7857
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.80.8762
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1599.61091.8846.7723.3653.6615.9586.1537.4526.3
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance685.00.8759
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low779.60.7696
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium628.00.9554
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High577.51.0389
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low995.00.6030
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium763.70.7857
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.80.8762
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1599.61091.8846.7723.3653.6615.9586.1537.4526.3
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance685.0
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1599.61091.8846.7723.3653.6615.9586.1537.4526.3
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low779.60.7696
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium628.00.9554
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High577.51.0389
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low995.00.6030
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium763.70.7857
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.80.8762
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating685.00.8759
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1127.70.8868
FinRating, kova tuuli568.40.8797
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low779.60.7696
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium628.00.9554
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High577.51.0389
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low995.00.6030
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium763.70.7857
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.80.8762
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.8759
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7696
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9554
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0389
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6030
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7857
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8762
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1599.61091.8846.7723.3653.6615.9586.1537.4526.3
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)701.8
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance685.00.8759
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low779.60.7696
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium628.00.9554
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High577.51.0389
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low995.00.6030
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium763.70.7857
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.80.8762
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1599.61091.8846.7723.3653.6615.9586.1537.4526.3
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low779.60.7696
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium628.00.9554
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High577.51.0389
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low995.00.6030
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium763.70.7857
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.80.8762
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance685.00.8759
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low779.60.7696
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium628.00.9554
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High577.51.0389
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low995.00.6030
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium763.70.7857
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.80.8762
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1599.61091.8846.7723.3653.6615.9586.1537.4526.3
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance685.00.8759
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low779.60.7696
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium628.00.9554
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High577.51.0389
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low995.00.6030
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium763.70.7857
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.80.8762
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1599.61091.8846.7723.3653.6615.9586.1537.4526.3
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low779.6
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium628.0
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High577.5
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low995.0
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium763.7
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.8
Predominantly Upwind684.6
Predominantly Downwind633.1
Predominantly Reaching612.1
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance685.00.8759
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low779.60.7696
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium628.00.9554
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High577.51.0389
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low995.00.6030
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium763.70.7857
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.80.8762
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1599.61091.8846.7723.3653.6615.9586.1537.4526.3
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7696
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9554
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0389
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6030
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7857
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8762
Coastal/Long Distance0.8759
Predominantly Upwind0.8764
Predominantly Downwind0.9476
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)701.8
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)0.9493
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.7696
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind0.9554
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.0389
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6030
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.7857
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind0.8762
Motvind Singeltall0.8764
Medvind Singeltall0.9476
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low779.60.7696
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium628.00.9554
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High577.51.0389
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low995.00.6030
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium763.70.7857
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.80.8762
Coastal/Long Distance685.00.8759
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind684.60.8764
Predominantly Downwind633.10.9476
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore660.10.9089
Cape Doctor Coastal556.71.0779
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low779.60.7696
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium628.00.9554
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High577.51.0389
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low995.00.6030
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium763.70.7857
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.80.8762
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7696
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9554
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0389
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6030
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7857
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8762
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7696
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9554
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0389
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6030
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7857
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8762
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance685.00.8759
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low779.60.7696
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium628.00.9554
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High577.51.0389
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low995.00.6030
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium763.70.7857
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.80.8762
Predominantly Upwind684.60.8764
Predominantly Downwind633.10.9476
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1599.61091.8846.7723.3653.6615.9586.1537.4526.3
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance685.00.8759
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low779.60.7696
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium628.00.9554
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High577.51.0389
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low995.00.6030
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium763.70.7857
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.80.8762
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1599.61091.8846.7723.3653.6615.9586.1537.4526.3
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low779.60.7696
Triple Number AP Medium628.10.9553
Triple Number AP High577.51.0389
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1036.60.5788
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium763.70.7857
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.80.8762
Single Number Predominant Upwind708.10.8473
Single Number Predominant Reaching625.60.9591
Single Number Predominant Downwind659.60.9096
Predominant Upwind - Low921.00.6515
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med733.40.8181
Predominant Upwind - Medium667.50.8988
Predominant Upwind - Med/High637.10.9417
Predominant Upwind - High625.90.9586
Predominant Downwind Low936.30.6408
Predominant Downwind Low/Med708.20.8472
Predominant Downwind Medium613.10.9786
Predominant Downwind Med/High557.01.0772
Predominant Downwind High526.41.1399
Predominant Reaching Low829.80.7231
Predominant Reaching Low/Med655.90.9148
Predominant Reaching Medium590.11.0168
Predominant Reaching Med/High552.91.0853
Predominant Reaching High532.11.1276
SA/DSPL Upwind21.46SA/DSPL Downwind33.84
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1148.70.5223
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med867.30.6918
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium752.40.7974
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High692.00.8671
5-Band Windward/Leeward High668.60.8975
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1149.20.5221
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med878.40.6831
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium771.80.7774
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High718.60.8349
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High700.00.8571
5-Band AP Low854.50.7022
5-Band AP Low/Med694.60.8638
5-Band AP Medium621.20.9658
5-Band AP Med/High582.81.0295
5-Band AP High564.81.0624
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low996.20.6023
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med832.20.7210
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium731.60.8201
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High680.60.8815
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High659.90.9092
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8262
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8554
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.8802
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6458
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6509
Harvest Moon Regatta553.51.0840
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
NonnaFIN-4051
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassCOMFORTINA 32Measurement01/01/2023HINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA9.311Max. Beam3.304Draft1.754Displacement4,702Wetted area19.82IMS L7.705LSM07.632Acc. length9.311Sink (kg/mm) 14.25
VCGD-0.005VCGM0.033RM Rated (kg·m) 75.0Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight170Declared crew weight200
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 2 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.380PBW0.102PIPA0.0030
EDL1.740ST10.047ST20.170
ST30.170ST40.098ST50.250
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerYesMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders1Rotating mastNo
P12.600IG11.500ISP11.500MDT10.115MDL10.170MDT2MDL2TL1.400MW0.170GO0.190
E3.950J3.550BAS1.500FSD0.030SFJ0.000SPL3.550WPLTPSBD0.130MWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM estimatedFlotation Date09/03/1993
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
NonnaFIN-4051
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateCommentORC0.200.911.582.653.3630.48
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment25.3311.08NoNo 30.0627/02/2023
SYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLAreaMeas.DateComment111.5011.5011.506.8864.99RI
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length9.3 mTable area0.44 m²Headroom1.65 mMinimum number of berths4Personal gear stowage0.16 m³Fresh water capacity66 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit4Food stowage0.24 m³Fuel capacity36 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.