Double HandedClub Certificate2025
OrcaFIN 797
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles43.3°43.3°41.2°40.5°40.7°41.0°41.1°41.9°44.1°
Beat VMG1.932.683.273.663.883.984.023.983.80
52°3.014.084.865.405.705.855.915.935.77
60°3.194.295.085.625.916.076.146.196.12
75°3.304.455.275.826.126.316.436.556.58
90°3.484.705.576.026.196.426.606.867.01
110°3.554.845.776.256.546.756.897.067.22
120°3.414.705.686.246.596.877.117.417.56
135°3.054.275.276.016.456.807.137.738.32
150°2.563.684.695.546.136.526.867.528.25
Run VMG2.213.194.074.835.485.976.366.997.60
Gybe Angles148.0°148.0°151.7°154.8°162.2°168.9°176.8°177.7°177.3°
APH ToD:677.2CDL: 6.202APH ToT: 0.8860CertNo:
BOAT
ClassMurena 30DesignerSodegren HakanBuilderBoatsman SunsailAge date01/1977Series date01/1972Offset fileUS14080.OFFData fileFIN797
HULL
Length Overall9.141 mMaximum Beam3.164 mDraft1.680 mDisplacement3,200 kgDLR8.6775IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.340%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeSolid 3 bladesDiameter0.320m
CREW
Maximum weight190 kg(declared)Minimum weight120 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail21.9422.47Headsail Luffed14.3814.38Headsail FlyingSymmetric53.6755.52Asymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail5.88Storm Jib6.62Heavy Weather Jib17.86
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5
✱ One set on the forestay
✱ Woven polyester sails
Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
OrcaFIN 797
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1865.31343.41100.3983.9928.2904.1895.4903.4947.8
52°1195.9883.1740.6666.8631.5615.5609.0607.3624.0
60°1127.9838.5708.1640.3608.8593.5586.1581.7587.8
75°1092.1809.8682.8618.7587.9570.9560.0549.3547.4
90°1035.0765.3646.4598.4581.3560.8545.3524.9513.8
110°1012.9743.4624.1575.7550.2533.5522.5509.7498.9
120°1057.3766.3634.1577.0546.1523.9506.3486.0476.4
135°1181.2843.7682.6598.8558.3529.5505.2465.5432.7
150°1408.6978.3767.1650.1587.5552.5525.0478.9436.5
Run VMG1629.61129.6884.4745.4657.5602.6566.3515.2473.9
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1746.61236.5992.4864.7792.9753.4730.9709.3710.8
All purpose1328.8957.4783.6696.8652.0626.5610.5593.2590.2
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward831.10.7219
All purpose677.20.8860
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low870.40.6893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium671.50.8935
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High608.00.9869
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1114.40.5384
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium823.60.7285
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High728.40.8237
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance734.90.8164
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low870.40.6893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium671.50.8935
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High608.00.9869
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1114.40.5384
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium823.60.7285
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High728.40.8237
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1831.71225.8931.7781.0696.6649.9614.7561.7554.6
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.5950
Downwind "popa"0.8233
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.6490
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.7383
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low870.40.6893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium671.50.8935
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High608.00.9869
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1114.40.5384
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium823.60.7285
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High728.40.8237
Predominantly Upwind748.70.8013
Predominantly Downwind666.00.9009
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low870.50.6893
Triple Number AP Medium671.60.8934
Triple Number AP High608.00.9869
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1165.00.5150
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium823.60.7285
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High728.40.8237
Single Number Predominant Upwind781.80.7674
Single Number Predominant Reaching670.30.8951
Single Number Predominant Downwind696.40.8616
Predominant Upwind - Low1080.50.5553
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med822.00.7299
Predominant Upwind - Medium724.30.8284
Predominant Upwind - Med/High679.90.8825
Predominant Upwind - High670.30.8951
Predominant Downwind Low1019.00.5888
Predominant Downwind Low/Med752.40.7975
Predominant Downwind Medium641.90.9348
Predominant Downwind Med/High576.81.0403
Predominant Downwind High543.01.1050
Predominant Reaching Low928.90.6460
Predominant Reaching Low/Med708.70.8466
Predominant Reaching Medium625.10.9599
Predominant Reaching Med/High577.91.0382
Predominant Reaching High554.81.0816
SA/DSPL Upwind16.66SA/DSPL Downwind34.68
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1303.20.4604
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med953.90.6290
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium809.70.7410
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High736.20.8150
5-Band Windward/Leeward High713.30.8412
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1325.20.4528
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med977.00.6141
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium836.70.7171
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High769.20.7800
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High752.60.7973
5-Band AP Low957.10.6269
5-Band AP Low/Med759.20.7903
5-Band AP Medium662.70.9055
5-Band AP Med/High613.80.9776
5-Band AP High595.61.0073
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1129.10.5314
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med918.30.6534
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium787.80.7616
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High723.60.8292
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High704.30.8520
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.7441
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.7884
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.8318
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.5758
Bayview-Mac Shore0.5790
Harvest Moon Regatta580.51.0336
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance734.90.8164
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low870.40.6893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium671.50.8935
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High608.00.9869
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1114.40.5384
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium823.60.7285
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High728.40.8237
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1831.71225.8931.7781.0696.6649.9614.7561.7554.6
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance734.90.8164
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low870.40.6893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium671.50.8935
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High608.00.9869
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1114.40.5384
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium823.60.7285
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High728.40.8237
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1831.71225.8931.7781.0696.6649.9614.7561.7554.6
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance734.9
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1831.71225.8931.7781.0696.6649.9614.7561.7554.6
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low870.40.6893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium671.50.8935
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High608.00.9869
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1114.40.5384
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium823.60.7285
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High728.40.8237
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating734.90.8164
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1277.70.7826
FinRating, kova tuuli599.40.8341
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low870.40.6893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium671.50.8935
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High608.00.9869
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1114.40.5384
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium823.60.7285
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High728.40.8237
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.8164
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.6893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.8935
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High0.9869
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5384
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7285
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8237
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1831.71225.8931.7781.0696.6649.9614.7561.7554.6
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)760.0
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance734.90.8164
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low870.40.6893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium671.50.8935
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High608.00.9869
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1114.40.5384
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium823.60.7285
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High728.40.8237
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1831.71225.8931.7781.0696.6649.9614.7561.7554.6
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low870.40.6893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium671.50.8935
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High608.00.9869
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1114.40.5384
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium823.60.7285
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High728.40.8237
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance734.90.8164
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low870.40.6893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium671.50.8935
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High608.00.9869
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1114.40.5384
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium823.60.7285
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High728.40.8237
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1831.71225.8931.7781.0696.6649.9614.7561.7554.6
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance734.90.8164
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low870.40.6893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium671.50.8935
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High608.00.9869
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1114.40.5384
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium823.60.7285
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High728.40.8237
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1831.71225.8931.7781.0696.6649.9614.7561.7554.6
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low870.4
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium671.5
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High608.0
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1114.4
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium823.6
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High728.4
Predominantly Upwind748.7
Predominantly Downwind666.0
Predominantly Reaching648.0
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance734.90.8164
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low870.40.6893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium671.50.8935
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High608.00.9869
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1114.40.5384
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium823.60.7285
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High728.40.8237
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1831.71225.8931.7781.0696.6649.9614.7561.7554.6
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.6893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.8935
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High0.9869
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5384
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7285
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8237
Coastal/Long Distance0.8164
Predominantly Upwind0.8013
Predominantly Downwind0.9009
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)760.0
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)0.8860
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.6893
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind0.8935
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind0.9869
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.5384
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.7285
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind0.8237
Motvind Singeltall0.8013
Medvind Singeltall0.9009
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low870.40.6893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium671.50.8935
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High608.00.9869
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1114.40.5384
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium823.60.7285
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High728.40.8237
Coastal/Long Distance734.90.8164
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind748.70.8013
Predominantly Downwind666.00.9009
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore710.40.8446
Cape Doctor Coastal591.11.0150
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low870.40.6893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium671.50.8935
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High608.00.9869
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1114.40.5384
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium823.60.7285
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High728.40.8237
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.6893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.8935
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High0.9869
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5384
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7285
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8237
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.6893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.8935
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High0.9869
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5384
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7285
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8237
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance734.90.8164
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low870.40.6893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium671.50.8935
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High608.00.9869
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1114.40.5384
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium823.60.7285
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High728.40.8237
Predominantly Upwind748.70.8013
Predominantly Downwind666.00.9009
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1831.71225.8931.7781.0696.6649.9614.7561.7554.6
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance734.90.8164
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low870.40.6893
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium671.50.8935
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High608.00.9869
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1114.40.5384
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium823.60.7285
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High728.40.8237
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1831.71225.8931.7781.0696.6649.9614.7561.7554.6
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low870.50.6893
Triple Number AP Medium671.60.8934
Triple Number AP High608.00.9869
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1165.00.5150
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium823.60.7285
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High728.40.8237
Single Number Predominant Upwind781.80.7674
Single Number Predominant Reaching670.30.8951
Single Number Predominant Downwind696.40.8616
Predominant Upwind - Low1080.50.5553
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med822.00.7299
Predominant Upwind - Medium724.30.8284
Predominant Upwind - Med/High679.90.8825
Predominant Upwind - High670.30.8951
Predominant Downwind Low1019.00.5888
Predominant Downwind Low/Med752.40.7975
Predominant Downwind Medium641.90.9348
Predominant Downwind Med/High576.81.0403
Predominant Downwind High543.01.1050
Predominant Reaching Low928.90.6460
Predominant Reaching Low/Med708.70.8466
Predominant Reaching Medium625.10.9599
Predominant Reaching Med/High577.91.0382
Predominant Reaching High554.81.0816
SA/DSPL Upwind16.66SA/DSPL Downwind34.68
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1303.20.4604
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med953.90.6290
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium809.70.7410
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High736.20.8150
5-Band Windward/Leeward High713.30.8412
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1325.20.4528
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med977.00.6141
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium836.70.7171
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High769.20.7800
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High752.60.7973
5-Band AP Low957.10.6269
5-Band AP Low/Med759.20.7903
5-Band AP Medium662.70.9055
5-Band AP Med/High613.80.9776
5-Band AP High595.61.0073
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1129.10.5314
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med918.30.6534
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium787.80.7616
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High723.60.8292
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High704.30.8520
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.7441
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.7884
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.8318
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.5758
Bayview-Mac Shore0.5790
Harvest Moon Regatta580.51.0336
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
OrcaFIN 797
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassMurena 30MeasurementHINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA9.141Max. Beam3.164Draft1.680Displacement3,200Wetted area16.58IMS L7.229LSM07.170Acc. length9.141Sink (kg/mm) 11.39
VCGD0.000VCGM0.025RM Rated (kg·m) 45.0Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight170Declared crew weight190
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeSolid 3 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.320PBW0.080PIPA0.0124
EDLST1ST2
ST3ST4ST5
RIG
Forestay tensionForwardInner stayAdjustableMast materialSingle headsail furlerYesMainsail furlerArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays5CheckstaysSpreaders4Rotating mastNo
P10.500IG11.500ISP11.500MDT10.100MDL10.150MDT2MDL2TLTaperMWGO
E3.200J4.000BAS1.000FSDSFJ0.250SPL3.500WPLTPS5.000BDMWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM estimatedFlotation Date30/07/2025
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Double HandedClub Certificate2025
OrcaFIN 797
Avomeripurjehtijat ry
c/o Mainoskauppa Oy
Melkonkatu 16 B
00210 HELSINKI
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment00.030.801.402.502.8021.94
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment00.000.000.000.000.002.909.74NoNo 14.38
SYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLAreaMeas.DateComment011.5011.5011.506.004.0053.67
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length9.1 mTable area0.44 m²Headroom1.63 mMinimum number of berths4Personal gear stowage0.16 m³Fresh water capacity62 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit4Food stowage0.24 m³Fuel capacity32 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.