Club Certificate2025
DuicibellaNED 5872
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles43.7°43.7°41.8°40.3°39.4°39.2°38.9°39.1°40.1°
Beat VMG2.603.554.254.745.005.125.195.245.18
52°4.065.416.326.857.127.257.327.397.40
60°4.325.696.557.027.297.447.517.607.63
75°4.495.876.707.157.437.637.777.928.01
90°4.375.766.657.167.497.697.898.208.40
110°4.085.576.657.247.617.918.188.578.87
120°3.925.376.467.147.547.868.178.819.37
135°3.454.815.926.767.297.657.978.679.55
150°2.814.065.186.126.857.327.668.299.07
Run VMG2.433.514.495.326.066.677.137.798.38
Gybe Angles145.3°145.3°150.5°153.8°159.7°166.6°175.4°178.6°178.1°
APH ToD:561.7CDL: 9.197APH ToT: 1.0681CertNo:15443
BOAT
Classv.d. Stadt 40Designerv.d. Stadt&PrtnrsBuilderv.d.BrinkAge date06/2001Series date04/1989Offset fileHC44901.offData fileNED5872
HULL
Length Overall11.950 mMaximum Beam3.918 mDraft1.971 mDisplacement8,169 kgDLR9.7775IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.240%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationShaft exposedTypeFeathering 2 bladesDiameter0.457m
CREW
Maximum weight632 kg(default)Minimum weight502 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail48.0848.69Headsail Luffed47.4247.42Headsail FlyingSymmetric98.3998.39Asymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail15.08Storm Jib10.96Heavy Weather Jib29.58
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
DuicibellaNED 5872
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1383.31015.1846.1760.0719.7702.4693.1687.4695.4
52°886.0665.0569.7525.8505.4496.2491.7487.2486.7
60°832.5632.3549.3512.5494.0484.1479.5474.0471.9
75°801.6613.3537.2503.3484.3471.7463.3454.7449.3
90°823.8624.9541.6502.6480.7468.3456.1438.9428.7
110°881.7646.7541.7496.9473.1455.2440.2419.9405.9
120°917.5670.1557.3504.3477.2457.9440.7408.6384.3
135°1043.9749.2608.4532.5494.1470.7451.6415.1377.0
150°1280.9887.6695.1588.2525.4491.8470.0434.4397.1
Run VMG1479.31024.9802.3676.3593.9540.0504.6462.4429.8
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1429.41020.0824.2718.1656.8621.2598.8574.9562.6
All purpose1076.2784.0648.8579.8542.1520.7506.2487.0473.9
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward687.00.8734
All purpose561.71.0681
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low716.40.8375
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.21.0749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.61.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low922.10.6507
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium682.30.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High595.51.0076
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance610.90.9821
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low716.40.8375
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.21.0749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.61.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low922.10.6507
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium682.30.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High595.51.0076
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1522.81020.5776.5650.2577.6540.3512.0466.9452.0
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.7743
Downwind "popa"0.9122
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.8111
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.8659
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low716.40.8375
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.21.0749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.61.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low922.10.6507
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium682.30.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High595.51.0076
Predominantly Upwind603.50.9942
Predominantly Downwind573.61.0459
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low716.40.8375
Triple Number AP Medium558.21.0748
Triple Number AP High502.61.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low962.40.6234
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium682.30.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High595.51.0076
Single Number Predominant Upwind626.20.9582
Single Number Predominant Reaching559.91.0716
Single Number Predominant Downwind599.01.0017
Predominant Upwind - Low848.90.7068
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med657.90.9120
Predominant Upwind - Medium584.81.0259
Predominant Upwind - Med/High549.51.0919
Predominant Upwind - High535.41.1207
Predominant Downwind Low874.20.6863
Predominant Downwind Low/Med649.10.9243
Predominant Downwind Medium553.21.0846
Predominant Downwind Med/High495.81.2103
Predominant Downwind High464.41.2920
Predominant Reaching Low766.20.7831
Predominant Reaching Low/Med592.91.0120
Predominant Reaching Medium524.41.1441
Predominant Reaching Med/High485.71.2354
Predominant Reaching High463.51.2944
SA/DSPL Upwind23.38SA/DSPL Downwind35.86
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1073.90.5587
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med790.90.7586
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium670.20.8953
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High603.50.9943
5-Band Windward/Leeward High576.91.0400
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1072.10.5597
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med797.20.7527
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium682.50.8791
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High622.00.9647
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High599.51.0008
5-Band AP Low790.90.7586
5-Band AP Low/Med628.60.9545
5-Band AP Medium550.61.0896
5-Band AP Med/High508.41.1802
5-Band AP High488.11.2293
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low925.30.6484
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med756.20.7934
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium648.40.9253
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High591.31.0147
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High567.41.0574
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9301
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9513
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9659
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7012
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7072
Harvest Moon Regatta492.61.2180
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance610.90.9821
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low716.40.8375
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.21.0749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.61.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low922.10.6507
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium682.30.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High595.51.0076
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1522.81020.5776.5650.2577.6540.3512.0466.9452.0
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance610.90.9821
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low716.40.8375
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.21.0749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.61.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low922.10.6507
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium682.30.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High595.51.0076
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1522.81020.5776.5650.2577.6540.3512.0466.9452.0
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance610.9
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1522.81020.5776.5650.2577.6540.3512.0466.9452.0
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low716.40.8375
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.21.0749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.61.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low922.10.6507
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium682.30.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High595.51.0076
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating (Coastal/Long Distance)610.90.9821
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low716.40.8375
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.21.0749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.61.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low922.10.6507
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium682.30.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High595.51.0076
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1522.81020.5776.5650.2577.6540.3512.0466.9452.0
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low716.40.8375
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.21.0749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.61.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low922.10.6507
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium682.30.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High595.51.0076
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.9821
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8375
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6507
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0076
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1522.81020.5776.5650.2577.6540.3512.0466.9452.0
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)629.2
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance610.90.9821
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low716.40.8375
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.21.0749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.61.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low922.10.6507
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium682.30.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High595.51.0076
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1522.81020.5776.5650.2577.6540.3512.0466.9452.0
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low716.40.8375
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.21.0749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.61.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low922.10.6507
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium682.30.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High595.51.0076
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance610.90.9821
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low716.40.8375
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.21.0749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.61.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low922.10.6507
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium682.30.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High595.51.0076
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1522.81020.5776.5650.2577.6540.3512.0466.9452.0
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance610.90.9821
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low716.40.8375
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.21.0749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.61.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low922.10.6507
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium682.30.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High595.51.0076
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1522.81020.5776.5650.2577.6540.3512.0466.9452.0
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low716.4
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.2
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.6
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low922.1
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium682.3
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High595.5
Predominantly Upwind603.5
Predominantly Downwind573.6
Predominantly Reaching549.7
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance610.90.9821
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low716.40.8375
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.21.0749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.61.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low922.10.6507
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium682.30.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High595.51.0076
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1522.81020.5776.5650.2577.6540.3512.0466.9452.0
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8375
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6507
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0076
Coastal/Long Distance0.9821
Predominantly Upwind0.9942
Predominantly Downwind1.0459
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)629.2
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.0681
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.8375
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.0749
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.1938
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6507
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.8794
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind1.0076
Motvind Singeltall0.9942
Medvind Singeltall1.0459
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low716.40.8375
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.21.0749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.61.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low922.10.6507
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium682.30.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High595.51.0076
Coastal/Long Distance610.90.9821
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind603.50.9942
Predominantly Downwind573.61.0459
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore566.31.0595
Cape Doctor Coastal477.81.2557
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low716.40.8375
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.21.0749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.61.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low922.10.6507
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium682.30.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High595.51.0076
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8375
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6507
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0076
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8375
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6507
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0076
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance610.90.9821
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low716.40.8375
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.21.0749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.61.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low922.10.6507
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium682.30.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High595.51.0076
Predominantly Upwind603.50.9942
Predominantly Downwind573.61.0459
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1522.81020.5776.5650.2577.6540.3512.0466.9452.0
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance610.90.9821
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low716.40.8375
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium558.21.0749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High502.61.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low922.10.6507
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium682.30.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High595.51.0076
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1522.81020.5776.5650.2577.6540.3512.0466.9452.0
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low716.40.8375
Triple Number AP Medium558.21.0748
Triple Number AP High502.61.1938
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low962.40.6234
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium682.30.8794
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High595.51.0076
Single Number Predominant Upwind626.20.9582
Single Number Predominant Reaching559.91.0716
Single Number Predominant Downwind599.01.0017
Predominant Upwind - Low848.90.7068
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med657.90.9120
Predominant Upwind - Medium584.81.0259
Predominant Upwind - Med/High549.51.0919
Predominant Upwind - High535.41.1207
Predominant Downwind Low874.20.6863
Predominant Downwind Low/Med649.10.9243
Predominant Downwind Medium553.21.0846
Predominant Downwind Med/High495.81.2103
Predominant Downwind High464.41.2920
Predominant Reaching Low766.20.7831
Predominant Reaching Low/Med592.91.0120
Predominant Reaching Medium524.41.1441
Predominant Reaching Med/High485.71.2354
Predominant Reaching High463.51.2944
SA/DSPL Upwind23.38SA/DSPL Downwind35.86
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1073.90.5587
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med790.90.7586
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium670.20.8953
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High603.50.9943
5-Band Windward/Leeward High576.91.0400
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1072.10.5597
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med797.20.7527
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium682.50.8791
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High622.00.9647
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High599.51.0008
5-Band AP Low790.90.7586
5-Band AP Low/Med628.60.9545
5-Band AP Medium550.61.0896
5-Band AP Med/High508.41.1802
5-Band AP High488.11.2293
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low925.30.6484
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med756.20.7934
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium648.40.9253
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High591.31.0147
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High567.41.0574
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9301
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9513
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9659
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7012
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7072
Harvest Moon Regatta492.61.2180
Club Certificate2025
DuicibellaNED 5872
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
Classv.d. Stadt 40Measurement14/05/2001HINPlan reviewHull constructionCoredCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA11.950Max. Beam3.918Draft1.971Displacement8,169Wetted area30.99IMS L9.784LSM09.418Acc. length11.950Sink (kg/mm) 22.36
VCGD-0.033VCGM-0.001RM Rated (kg·m) 209.2Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight632Declared crew weightN/A
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFeathering 2 blades
InstallationShaft exposedTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.457PBWPIPA0.0027
PSDPHDPHL
PSAESL
ST1ST2ST3
ST4ST5
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays1CheckstaysSpreaders3Rotating mastNo
P15.660IG14.800ISP14.800MDT10.134MDL10.205MDT2MDL2TLTaperMWGO
E5.500J4.470BAS1.690FSDNo FoilSFJ0.000SPL4.539WPLTPSBDMWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM estimatedFlotation Date14/05/2001
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
DuicibellaNED 5872
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment20240.161.001.803.224.4248.08* Copied from legacy *
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment20240.090.821.594.926.7114.25NoNo 47.42* Copied from legacy *
SYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLAreaMeas.DateCommentORC14.7014.7014.708.048.0098.39* Copied from legacy *
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length12.0 mTable area0.55 m²Headroom1.81 mMinimum number of berths5Personal gear stowage0.20 m³Fresh water capacity150 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit5Food stowage0.30 m³Fuel capacity90 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.