Club Certificate2025
LOUP GAROUFRA-8235
Centre de Calcul FFVoile
17 rue Henri Bocquillon
75015 Paris
France
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles41.2°41.2°38.6°36.9°36.7°36.7°36.8°37.6°40.1°
Beat VMG2.483.323.894.184.284.334.354.334.18
52°3.834.925.505.785.915.986.026.066.02
60°4.035.105.625.906.066.146.206.276.26
75°4.115.195.716.016.236.386.486.626.68
90°4.005.155.776.086.286.516.706.987.18
110°4.015.185.846.236.556.827.027.407.79
120°3.855.035.746.166.556.927.308.008.80
135°3.374.575.425.936.326.717.198.7510.78
150°2.773.904.865.566.016.376.747.8310.14
Run VMG2.403.384.224.925.485.906.246.948.78
Gybe Angles147.8°147.8°152.5°159.7°167.3°176.3°177.7°169.4°148.2°
APH ToD:645.2CDL: 6.145APH ToT: 0.9299CertNo:25150a
BOAT
ClassPROTO 1/4 TON 1981DesignerFAUROUX JacquesBuilderKELT MARINEAge date04/1981Series date04/1981Offset fileQUART850RudMod.offData fileF8235_25150a
HULL
Length Overall7.650 mMaximum Beam2.800 mDraft1.523 mDisplacement1,307 kgDLR7.8315IMS DivisionPerformanceDynamic Allowance0.000%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationNo PropellerTypeN/ADiameterN/A
CREW
Maximum weight294 kg(default)Minimum weight164 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail19.3619.71Headsail Luffed15.5415.54Headsail FlyingSymmetric44.8644.86Asymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail5.82Storm Jib4.47Heavy Weather Jib12.06
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
COMMENTS
2025: NC / 2024: New Mast (aft) / New Config. / Estimated VCG instead -0.056 / From: F9186.dxt
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
LOUP GAROUFRA-8235
Centre de Calcul FFVoile
17 rue Henri Bocquillon
75015 Paris
France
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1452.51084.2925.1860.9840.4831.9827.6830.6862.3
52°940.8732.3654.6623.1609.2602.5598.1594.2598.3
60°894.2705.7640.1610.2594.4586.3580.9574.6575.3
75°875.3693.2630.7599.1578.1564.2555.3543.8539.1
90°899.3699.6624.4592.1573.4552.6537.0515.8501.4
110°897.6695.4616.9577.8549.3527.8512.9486.3462.0
120°934.9716.1627.7584.4549.8520.2492.9449.8409.1
135°1067.6788.5664.4606.8569.9536.3500.8411.3333.9
150°1301.9922.2740.5647.1599.0565.1533.9459.9355.1
Run VMG1502.31064.9852.9732.3656.8610.5576.9519.1410.0
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1476.01074.5889.0796.6748.6721.2702.2674.8636.2
All purpose1120.4840.6719.5661.9631.0610.1593.5564.2536.0
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward774.70.7745
All purpose645.20.9299
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low780.00.7692
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium643.40.9325
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High586.71.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low981.80.6111
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium769.40.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High696.70.8612
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance695.10.8632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low780.00.7692
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium643.40.9325
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High586.71.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low981.80.6111
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium769.40.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High696.70.8612
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1555.71073.6842.9731.3669.5631.8598.6540.2509.1
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.6774
Downwind "popa"0.8378
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.7186
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.7822
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low780.00.7692
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium643.40.9325
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High586.71.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low981.80.6111
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium769.40.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High696.70.8612
Predominantly Upwind697.40.8604
Predominantly Downwind646.90.9275
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low780.10.7692
Triple Number AP Medium643.50.9324
Triple Number AP High586.71.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1022.10.5870
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium769.40.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High696.70.8612
Single Number Predominant Upwind718.10.8356
Single Number Predominant Reaching637.90.9406
Single Number Predominant Downwind667.40.8990
Predominant Upwind - Low914.10.6564
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med741.50.8092
Predominant Upwind - Medium682.70.8788
Predominant Upwind - Med/High651.20.9213
Predominant Upwind - High633.70.9468
Predominant Downwind Low924.70.6488
Predominant Downwind Low/Med717.40.8364
Predominant Downwind Medium630.90.9510
Predominant Downwind Med/High567.71.0568
Predominant Downwind High513.71.1680
Predominant Reaching Low827.60.7250
Predominant Reaching Low/Med670.60.8947
Predominant Reaching Medium610.40.9829
Predominant Reaching Med/High564.81.0624
Predominant Reaching High527.11.1384
SA/DSPL Upwind29.17SA/DSPL Downwind53.68
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1128.90.5315
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med863.00.6952
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium759.80.7897
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High704.70.8514
5-Band Windward/Leeward High672.90.8917
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1130.40.5308
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med873.10.6872
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium777.50.7717
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High729.70.8222
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High705.40.8506
5-Band AP Low848.70.7070
5-Band AP Low/Med704.00.8523
5-Band AP Medium636.80.9422
5-Band AP Med/High594.51.0092
5-Band AP High564.41.0631
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low982.40.6107
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med830.20.7227
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium739.70.8111
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High689.70.8699
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High657.70.9122
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8164
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8445
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.8696
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6503
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6548
Harvest Moon Regatta566.71.0588
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance695.10.8632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low780.00.7692
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium643.40.9325
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High586.71.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low981.80.6111
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium769.40.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High696.70.8612
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1555.71073.6842.9731.3669.5631.8598.6540.2509.1
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance695.10.8632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low780.00.7692
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium643.40.9325
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High586.71.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low981.80.6111
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium769.40.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High696.70.8612
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1555.71073.6842.9731.3669.5631.8598.6540.2509.1
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance695.1
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1555.71073.6842.9731.3669.5631.8598.6540.2509.1
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low780.00.7692
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium643.40.9325
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High586.71.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low981.80.6111
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium769.40.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High696.70.8612
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating (Coastal/Long Distance)695.10.8632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low780.00.7692
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium643.40.9325
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High586.71.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low981.80.6111
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium769.40.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High696.70.8612
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1555.71073.6842.9731.3669.5631.8598.6540.2509.1
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low780.00.7692
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium643.40.9325
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High586.71.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low981.80.6111
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium769.40.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High696.70.8612
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.8632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7692
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9325
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6111
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8612
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1555.71073.6842.9731.3669.5631.8598.6540.2509.1
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)712.7
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance695.10.8632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low780.00.7692
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium643.40.9325
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High586.71.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low981.80.6111
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium769.40.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High696.70.8612
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1555.71073.6842.9731.3669.5631.8598.6540.2509.1
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low780.00.7692
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium643.40.9325
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High586.71.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low981.80.6111
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium769.40.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High696.70.8612
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance695.10.8632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low780.00.7692
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium643.40.9325
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High586.71.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low981.80.6111
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium769.40.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High696.70.8612
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1555.71073.6842.9731.3669.5631.8598.6540.2509.1
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance695.10.8632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low780.00.7692
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium643.40.9325
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High586.71.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low981.80.6111
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium769.40.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High696.70.8612
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1555.71073.6842.9731.3669.5631.8598.6540.2509.1
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low780.0
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium643.4
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High586.7
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low981.8
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium769.4
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High696.7
Predominantly Upwind697.4
Predominantly Downwind646.9
Predominantly Reaching628.0
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance695.10.8632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low780.00.7692
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium643.40.9325
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High586.71.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low981.80.6111
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium769.40.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High696.70.8612
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1555.71073.6842.9731.3669.5631.8598.6540.2509.1
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7692
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9325
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6111
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8612
Coastal/Long Distance0.8632
Predominantly Upwind0.8604
Predominantly Downwind0.9275
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)712.7
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)0.9299
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.7692
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind0.9325
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.0227
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6111
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.7798
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind0.8612
Motvind Singeltall0.8604
Medvind Singeltall0.9275
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low780.00.7692
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium643.40.9325
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High586.71.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low981.80.6111
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium769.40.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High696.70.8612
Coastal/Long Distance695.10.8632
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind697.40.8604
Predominantly Downwind646.90.9275
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore647.80.9263
Cape Doctor Coastal544.51.1020
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low780.00.7692
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium643.40.9325
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High586.71.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low981.80.6111
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium769.40.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High696.70.8612
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7692
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9325
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6111
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8612
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7692
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9325
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6111
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8612
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance695.10.8632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low780.00.7692
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium643.40.9325
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High586.71.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low981.80.6111
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium769.40.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High696.70.8612
Predominantly Upwind697.40.8604
Predominantly Downwind646.90.9275
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1555.71073.6842.9731.3669.5631.8598.6540.2509.1
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance695.10.8632
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low780.00.7692
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium643.40.9325
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High586.71.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low981.80.6111
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium769.40.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High696.70.8612
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1555.71073.6842.9731.3669.5631.8598.6540.2509.1
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low780.10.7692
Triple Number AP Medium643.50.9324
Triple Number AP High586.71.0227
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1022.10.5870
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium769.40.7798
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High696.70.8612
Single Number Predominant Upwind718.10.8356
Single Number Predominant Reaching637.90.9406
Single Number Predominant Downwind667.40.8990
Predominant Upwind - Low914.10.6564
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med741.50.8092
Predominant Upwind - Medium682.70.8788
Predominant Upwind - Med/High651.20.9213
Predominant Upwind - High633.70.9468
Predominant Downwind Low924.70.6488
Predominant Downwind Low/Med717.40.8364
Predominant Downwind Medium630.90.9510
Predominant Downwind Med/High567.71.0568
Predominant Downwind High513.71.1680
Predominant Reaching Low827.60.7250
Predominant Reaching Low/Med670.60.8947
Predominant Reaching Medium610.40.9829
Predominant Reaching Med/High564.81.0624
Predominant Reaching High527.11.1384
SA/DSPL Upwind29.17SA/DSPL Downwind53.68
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1128.90.5315
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med863.00.6952
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium759.80.7897
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High704.70.8514
5-Band Windward/Leeward High672.90.8917
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1130.40.5308
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med873.10.6872
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium777.50.7717
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High729.70.8222
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High705.40.8506
5-Band AP Low848.70.7070
5-Band AP Low/Med704.00.8523
5-Band AP Medium636.80.9422
5-Band AP Med/High594.51.0092
5-Band AP High564.41.0631
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low982.40.6107
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med830.20.7227
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium739.70.8111
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High689.70.8699
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High657.70.9122
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8164
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8445
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.8696
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6503
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6548
Harvest Moon Regatta566.71.0588
Club Certificate2025
LOUP GAROUFRA-8235
Centre de Calcul FFVoile
17 rue Henri Bocquillon
75015 Paris
France
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassPROTO 1/4 TON 1981MeasurementHIN1498Plan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA7.650Max. Beam2.800Draft1.523Displacement1,307Wetted area9.88IMS L5.975LSM05.505Acc. length7.650Sink (kg/mm) 7.15
VCGD-0.143VCGM-0.132RM Rated (kg·m) 22.8Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight294Declared crew weightN/A
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeNo Propeller
Hydro generatorNo
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstaysCheckstaysSpreaders1Rotating mastNo
P9.750IG9.450ISP9.600MDT10.080MDL10.110MDT20.070MDL20.090TL2.200MW0.090GO0.090
E3.410J2.700BAS1.200FSD0.030SFJ0.020SPL2.910WPLTPSBD0.107MWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM estimatedFlotation Date01/01/2013
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
LOUP GAROUFRA-8235
Centre de Calcul FFVoile
17 rue Henri Bocquillon
75015 Paris
France
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateCommentM20.150.721.282.192.6919.3605/03/2024Médium
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateCommentG20.210.581.021.742.503.229.00YesNo 15.5405/03/2024HHW à Valider
SYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLAreaMeas.DateCommentS210.1010.1010.105.355.2544.8605/03/2024Médium