Club Certificate2025
Hatulie New WaveISR 71984
IYC
IYC , P.O.Box 3299
Ramat Gan
Israel
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles43.7°43.7°41.9°39.5°38.2°37.9°38.1°38.7°41.4°
Beat VMG2.213.043.704.144.344.414.424.424.30
52°3.454.665.495.916.116.196.226.286.26
60°3.714.925.696.066.266.366.426.516.53
75°3.865.085.826.186.436.626.756.917.01
90°3.725.005.876.296.556.766.997.317.55
110°3.715.015.916.386.747.087.387.818.21
120°3.524.825.776.296.697.067.458.349.22
135°3.094.325.326.016.436.827.228.3510.65
150°2.533.664.695.536.106.496.867.689.37
Run VMG2.183.174.064.845.505.996.377.068.11
Gybe Angles147.1°147.1°151.6°156.1°164.5°173.9°178.4°178.4°143.8°
APH ToD:639.2CDL: 6.750APH ToT: 0.9387CertNo:251984
BOAT
ClassFreedom 25DesignerGary HoytBuilderTPIAge date01/1981Series date01/1981Offset fileFreedom25.offData fileISR71984
HULL
Length Overall7.780 mMaximum Beam2.560 mDraft1.359 mDisplacement1,778 kgDLR5.9393IMS DivisionSportboatDynamic Allowance0.040%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationShaft exposedTypeSolid 3 bladesDiameter0.235m
CREW
Maximum weight388 kg(default)Minimum weight258 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail23.5925.09Headsail Luffed13.5713.57Headsail FlyingSymmetric36.8136.81Asymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail6.24Storm Jib3.98Heavy Weather Jib10.75
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5
✱ One set on the forestay
Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
COMMENTS
ISR2 Jib and Main data from Manufc
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
Hatulie New WaveISR 71984
IYC
IYC , P.O.Box 3299
Ramat Gan
Israel
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1631.41183.5973.9868.7828.9815.5813.9814.7837.3
52°1042.4772.7655.4608.9589.7582.0578.4573.1574.8
60°970.6731.8632.5594.5575.2565.7560.7552.8551.5
75°932.6709.2618.4582.3559.8543.5533.5520.7513.4
90°968.9720.1613.2572.3549.5532.7515.3492.2476.6
110°971.6718.8609.0564.6533.7508.4487.9461.0438.2
120°1022.0746.4623.4572.2538.4510.0483.3431.7390.3
135°1165.2833.8677.1599.1559.9527.8498.4430.9338.2
150°1425.0984.6768.4650.5589.9554.9524.9468.7384.4
Run VMG1648.51136.9885.9744.5654.8600.7565.2510.0443.8
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1638.11160.2929.9806.6741.8708.1689.6662.3640.6
All purpose1233.4892.4734.2657.3617.8594.7578.5551.7526.4
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward778.60.7707
All purpose639.20.9387
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.20.7378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium634.90.9451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High572.51.0480
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1045.10.5741
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium770.60.7786
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.00.8772
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance693.70.8650
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.20.7378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium634.90.9451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High572.51.0480
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1045.10.5741
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium770.60.7786
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.00.8772
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1739.91157.8875.8733.4657.4617.0584.1523.9497.3
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.6668
Downwind "popa"0.8239
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.7072
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.7695
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.20.7378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium634.90.9451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High572.51.0480
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1045.10.5741
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium770.60.7786
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.00.8772
Predominantly Upwind692.80.8661
Predominantly Downwind645.30.9298
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low813.30.7378
Triple Number AP Medium634.90.9450
Triple Number AP High572.51.0480
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1092.20.5494
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium770.60.7786
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.00.8772
Single Number Predominant Upwind720.60.8327
Single Number Predominant Reaching636.00.9433
Single Number Predominant Downwind673.10.8915
Predominant Upwind - Low979.50.6126
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med752.60.7972
Predominant Upwind - Medium671.70.8933
Predominant Upwind - Med/High635.70.9439
Predominant Upwind - High618.80.9697
Predominant Downwind Low985.00.6092
Predominant Downwind Low/Med728.90.8232
Predominant Downwind Medium623.50.9623
Predominant Downwind Med/High557.71.0758
Predominant Downwind High510.31.1758
Predominant Reaching Low874.40.6862
Predominant Reaching Low/Med672.60.8920
Predominant Reaching Medium597.11.0049
Predominant Reaching Med/High550.81.0894
Predominant Reaching High516.51.1617
SA/DSPL Upwind25.27SA/DSPL Downwind41.08
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1222.60.4908
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med892.60.6722
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium758.20.7913
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High692.40.8665
5-Band Windward/Leeward High663.30.9046
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1226.70.4891
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med903.30.6642
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium775.40.7738
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High717.10.8368
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High694.30.8642
5-Band AP Low897.80.6683
5-Band AP Low/Med713.20.8413
5-Band AP Medium626.90.9571
5-Band AP Med/High580.01.0345
5-Band AP High552.01.0870
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1052.90.5699
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med855.90.7010
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium736.30.8149
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High678.30.8845
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High649.50.9238
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8097
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8371
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.8596
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6145
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6192
Harvest Moon Regatta555.01.0811
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance693.70.8650
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.20.7378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium634.90.9451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High572.51.0480
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1045.10.5741
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium770.60.7786
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.00.8772
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1739.91157.8875.8733.4657.4617.0584.1523.9497.3
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance693.70.8650
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.20.7378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium634.90.9451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High572.51.0480
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1045.10.5741
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium770.60.7786
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.00.8772
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1739.91157.8875.8733.4657.4617.0584.1523.9497.3
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance693.7
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1739.91157.8875.8733.4657.4617.0584.1523.9497.3
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.20.7378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium634.90.9451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High572.51.0480
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1045.10.5741
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium770.60.7786
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.00.8772
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating693.70.8650
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1201.00.8327
FinRating, kova tuuli552.60.9047
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.20.7378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium634.90.9451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High572.51.0480
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1045.10.5741
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium770.60.7786
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.00.8772
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.8650
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0480
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5741
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7786
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8772
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1739.91157.8875.8733.4657.4617.0584.1523.9497.3
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)715.7
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance693.70.8650
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.20.7378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium634.90.9451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High572.51.0480
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1045.10.5741
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium770.60.7786
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.00.8772
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1739.91157.8875.8733.4657.4617.0584.1523.9497.3
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.20.7378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium634.90.9451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High572.51.0480
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1045.10.5741
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium770.60.7786
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.00.8772
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance693.70.8650
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.20.7378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium634.90.9451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High572.51.0480
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1045.10.5741
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium770.60.7786
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.00.8772
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1739.91157.8875.8733.4657.4617.0584.1523.9497.3
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance693.70.8650
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.20.7378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium634.90.9451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High572.51.0480
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1045.10.5741
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium770.60.7786
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.00.8772
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1739.91157.8875.8733.4657.4617.0584.1523.9497.3
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.2
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium634.9
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High572.5
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1045.1
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium770.6
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.0
Predominantly Upwind692.8
Predominantly Downwind645.3
Predominantly Reaching621.6
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance693.70.8650
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.20.7378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium634.90.9451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High572.51.0480
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1045.10.5741
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium770.60.7786
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.00.8772
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1739.91157.8875.8733.4657.4617.0584.1523.9497.3
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0480
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5741
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7786
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8772
Coastal/Long Distance0.8650
Predominantly Upwind0.8661
Predominantly Downwind0.9298
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)715.7
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)0.9387
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.7378
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind0.9451
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.0480
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.5741
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.7786
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind0.8772
Motvind Singeltall0.8661
Medvind Singeltall0.9298
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.20.7378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium634.90.9451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High572.51.0480
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1045.10.5741
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium770.60.7786
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.00.8772
Coastal/Long Distance693.70.8650
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind692.80.8661
Predominantly Downwind645.30.9298
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore647.10.9272
Cape Doctor Coastal534.01.1236
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.20.7378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium634.90.9451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High572.51.0480
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1045.10.5741
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium770.60.7786
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.00.8772
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0480
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5741
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7786
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8772
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0480
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5741
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7786
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8772
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance693.70.8650
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.20.7378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium634.90.9451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High572.51.0480
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1045.10.5741
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium770.60.7786
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.00.8772
Predominantly Upwind692.80.8661
Predominantly Downwind645.30.9298
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1739.91157.8875.8733.4657.4617.0584.1523.9497.3
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance693.70.8650
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low813.20.7378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium634.90.9451
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High572.51.0480
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1045.10.5741
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium770.60.7786
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.00.8772
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1739.91157.8875.8733.4657.4617.0584.1523.9497.3
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low813.30.7378
Triple Number AP Medium634.90.9450
Triple Number AP High572.51.0480
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1092.20.5494
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium770.60.7786
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High684.00.8772
Single Number Predominant Upwind720.60.8327
Single Number Predominant Reaching636.00.9433
Single Number Predominant Downwind673.10.8915
Predominant Upwind - Low979.50.6126
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med752.60.7972
Predominant Upwind - Medium671.70.8933
Predominant Upwind - Med/High635.70.9439
Predominant Upwind - High618.80.9697
Predominant Downwind Low985.00.6092
Predominant Downwind Low/Med728.90.8232
Predominant Downwind Medium623.50.9623
Predominant Downwind Med/High557.71.0758
Predominant Downwind High510.31.1758
Predominant Reaching Low874.40.6862
Predominant Reaching Low/Med672.60.8920
Predominant Reaching Medium597.11.0049
Predominant Reaching Med/High550.81.0894
Predominant Reaching High516.51.1617
SA/DSPL Upwind25.27SA/DSPL Downwind41.08
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1222.60.4908
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med892.60.6722
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium758.20.7913
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High692.40.8665
5-Band Windward/Leeward High663.30.9046
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1226.70.4891
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med903.30.6642
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium775.40.7738
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High717.10.8368
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High694.30.8642
5-Band AP Low897.80.6683
5-Band AP Low/Med713.20.8413
5-Band AP Medium626.90.9571
5-Band AP Med/High580.01.0345
5-Band AP High552.01.0870
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1052.90.5699
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med855.90.7010
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium736.30.8149
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High678.30.8845
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High649.50.9238
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8097
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8371
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.8596
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6145
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6192
Harvest Moon Regatta555.01.0811
Club Certificate2025
Hatulie New WaveISR 71984
IYC
IYC , P.O.Box 3299
Ramat Gan
Israel
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassFreedom 25Measurement03/01/2014HINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA7.780Max. Beam2.560Draft1.359Displacement1,778Wetted area12.60IMS L7.009LSM06.689Acc. length7.780Sink (kg/mm) 9.47
VCGD-0.103VCGM-0.075RM Rated (kg·m) 34.6Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight388Declared crew weightN/A
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeSolid 3 blades
InstallationShaft exposedTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.235PBWPIPA0.0069
PSDPHDPHL
PSAESL
ST1ST2ST3
ST4ST5
RIG
Forestay tensionFixedInner stayNone FittedMast materialCarbonSingle headsail furlerYesMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders0Rotating mastNo
P9.040IG8.920ISP8.920MDT10.100MDL10.170MDT2MDL2TLNo TaperMWGO
E3.940J1.660BAS1.020FSDSFJSPL3.090WPLTPSBDMWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM estimatedFlotation Date24/10/2014
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
Hatulie New WaveISR 71984
IYC
IYC , P.O.Box 3299
Ramat Gan
Israel
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment20.251.081.892.893.5623.5915/08/2021amit -manuf declaration20040.050.991.632.613.3721.8812/03/2016
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment20.050.440.841.702.623.537.80NoNo 13.5715/08/2021amit manufacture declaration10.040.320.631.323.487.75NoNo 12.37
SYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLAreaMeas.DateComment19.079.079.074.924.6736.81
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length7.8 mTable area0.22 m²Headroom1.40 mMinimum number of berths2Personal gear stowage0.08 m³Fresh water capacity18 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit2Food stowage0.12 m³Fuel capacity20 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.