Club
Certificate
2024

Boat

JAM JAM

USA 56

US SAILING
1 ROGER WILLIAMS UNI WAY
BRISTOL, RI 02809
USA
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles43.3°41.8°41.0°39.5°39.0°38.7°38.8°39.8°
Beat VMG3.063.654.074.374.484.544.544.45
52°4.655.445.916.176.296.346.376.36
60°4.905.666.066.306.446.506.566.58
75°5.045.786.186.436.626.756.886.96
90°4.945.736.236.536.726.897.167.30
110°4.835.776.306.666.977.227.617.88
120°4.685.646.236.606.947.257.808.32
135°4.275.235.956.386.727.057.698.38
150°3.664.635.446.036.416.727.337.94
Run VMG3.174.014.735.375.906.286.877.43
Gybe Angles147.1°151.0°154.1°162.4°175.0°178.1°178.6°178.6°
APH ToD:643.2CDL: 7.000APH ToT: 0.9328CertNo:US7325
BOAT
ClassMorgan 27DesignerMORGANBuilderAge date01/1972Series date01/1972Offset fileMorgan27_JT.offData fileUSA56
HULL
Length Overall8.496 mMaximum Beam3.046 mDraft1.413 mDisplacement3,218 kgDLR7.6998IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.280%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationNo PropellerTypeN/ADiameterN/A
CREW
Maximum weight500 kg(declared)Minimum weight370 kg * when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension0.00 m
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail17.2217.52Headsail Luffed32.4132.41Headsail FlyingSymmetric57.7957.79Asymmetric51.7051.70 (All asymmetric spinnakers with SHW/SFL > 85%)
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail5.05Storm Jib6.46Heavy Weather Jib17.43
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5  Spinnakers4 * Asymmetric may be tacked on the pole
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.

Club
Certificate
2024

Boat

JAM JAM

USA 56

US SAILING
1 ROGER WILLIAMS UNI WAY
BRISTOL, RI 02809
USA
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1175.1987.4884.0824.4803.8793.6793.8808.4
52°773.6662.0609.1583.6572.7568.0564.8566.3
60°734.5636.1593.9571.7559.4553.9548.6547.3
75°714.8622.8582.8560.1543.7533.2523.5517.0
90°728.1628.4578.0551.4536.1522.4502.9493.3
110°745.8624.5571.2540.7516.3498.4472.9456.6
120°768.6637.8577.9545.2518.7496.4461.3432.5
135°842.4688.8604.8564.1535.6510.3467.8429.6
150°983.9777.2662.1596.8561.7535.5491.2453.4
Run VMG1136.1896.8761.0670.9609.9572.9524.0484.6
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1155.6942.1822.5747.6706.9683.3658.9646.5
All purpose896.2745.1665.8620.1595.0578.4557.4544.6
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward783.40.7659
All purpose643.20.9328
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low820.70.7311
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium639.50.9382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High574.71.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.60.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High680.00.8823
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance698.20.8594
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low820.70.7311
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium639.50.9382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High574.71.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.60.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High680.00.8823
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1153.6887.7745.4660.1617.1584.8534.0518.3
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.6707
Downwind "popa"0.8122
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.7077
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.7638
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low820.70.7311
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium639.50.9382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High574.71.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.60.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High680.00.8823
Predominantly Upwind693.90.8646
Predominantly Downwind653.10.9187
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low820.70.7311
Triple Number AP Medium639.60.9381
Triple Number AP High574.71.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.60.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High680.00.8823
Single Number Predominant Upwind692.40.8665
Single Number Predominant Reaching618.50.9700
Single Number Predominant Downwind653.90.9176
Predominant Upwind - Low898.00.6682
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med759.00.7905
Predominant Upwind - Medium671.90.8930
Predominant Upwind - Med/High630.20.9520
Predominant Upwind - High616.40.9734
Predominant Downwind Low899.40.6671
Predominant Downwind Low/Med737.60.8135
Predominant Downwind Medium630.10.9523
Predominant Downwind Med/High564.51.0630
Predominant Downwind High529.11.1339
Predominant Reaching Low806.00.7444
Predominant Reaching Low/Med680.20.8822
Predominant Reaching Medium600.60.9990
Predominant Reaching Med/High555.11.0808
Predominant Reaching High530.51.1309
SA/DSPL Upwind22.68SA/DSPL Downwind34.28
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1107.10.5419
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med902.70.6647
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium764.20.7851
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High688.50.8714
5-Band Windward/Leeward High661.00.9078
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1112.20.5395
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med913.00.6571
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium779.80.7695
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High710.40.8446
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High688.00.8721
5-Band AP Low861.90.6961
5-Band AP Low/Med721.00.8322
5-Band AP Medium630.50.9516
5-Band AP Med/High581.21.0324
5-Band AP High558.81.0737
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1053.40.5696
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med865.20.6935
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium740.70.8100
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High675.00.8889
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High650.20.9228
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8487
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8730
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9030
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.8143
Bayview-Mac Shore0.8216
Harvest Moon Regatta562.71.0663
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance698.20.8594
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low820.70.7311
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium639.50.9382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High574.71.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.60.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High680.00.8823
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1153.6887.7745.4660.1617.1584.8534.0518.3
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance698.20.8594
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low820.70.7311
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium639.50.9382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High574.71.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.60.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High680.00.8823
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1153.6887.7745.4660.1617.1584.8534.0518.3
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance698.2
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1153.6887.7745.4660.1617.1584.8534.0518.3
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low820.70.7311
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium639.50.9382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High574.71.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.60.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High680.00.8823
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating (Coastal/Long Distance)698.20.8594
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low820.70.7311
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium639.50.9382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High574.71.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.60.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High680.00.8823
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1153.6887.7745.4660.1617.1584.8534.0518.3
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low820.70.7311
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium639.50.9382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High574.71.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.60.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High680.00.8823
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7311
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8823
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1153.6887.7745.4660.1617.1584.8534.0518.3
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance698.20.8594
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low820.70.7311
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium639.50.9382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High574.71.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.60.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High680.00.8823
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1153.6887.7745.4660.1617.1584.8534.0518.3
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low820.70.7311
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium639.50.9382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High574.71.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.60.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High680.00.8823
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance698.20.8594
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low820.70.7311
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium639.50.9382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High574.71.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.60.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High680.00.8823
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1153.6887.7745.4660.1617.1584.8534.0518.3
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance698.20.8594
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low820.70.7311
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium639.50.9382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High574.71.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.60.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High680.00.8823
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1153.6887.7745.4660.1617.1584.8534.0518.3
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low820.7
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium639.5
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High574.7
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.8
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.6
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High680.0
Predominantly Upwind693.9
Predominantly Downwind653.1
Predominantly Reaching628.3
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance698.20.8594
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low820.70.7311
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium639.50.9382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High574.71.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.60.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High680.00.8823
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1153.6887.7745.4660.1617.1584.8534.0518.3
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7311
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8823
Coastal/Long Distance0.8594
Predominantly Upwind0.8646
Predominantly Downwind0.9187
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)720.5
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Tretall Distanseseilas Lite vind0.7311
Tretall Distanseseilas Mellomvind0.9382
Tretall Distanseseilas Mye vind1.0441
Tretall Pølsebane Lite vind0.5721
Tretall Pølsebane Mellomvind0.7706
Tretall Pølsebane Mye vind0.8823
Distanseseilas ett tall0.9328
Enkeltall Motvind0.8646
Enkeltall Medvind0.9187
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low820.70.7311
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium639.50.9382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High574.71.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.60.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High680.00.8823
Coastal/Long Distance698.20.8594
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind693.90.8646
Predominantly Downwind653.10.9187
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore650.20.9228
Cape Doctor Coastal548.41.0940
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low820.70.7311
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium639.50.9382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High574.71.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.60.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High680.00.8823
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7311
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8823
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7311
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium0.9382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.8823
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance698.20.8594
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low820.70.7311
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium639.50.9382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High574.71.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.60.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High680.00.8823
Predominantly Upwind693.90.8646
Predominantly Downwind653.10.9187
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1153.6887.7745.4660.1617.1584.8534.0518.3
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance698.20.8594
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low820.70.7311
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium639.50.9382
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High574.71.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.60.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High680.00.8823
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1153.6887.7745.4660.1617.1584.8534.0518.3
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low820.70.7311
Triple Number AP Medium639.60.9381
Triple Number AP High574.71.0441
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium778.60.7706
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High680.00.8823
Single Number Predominant Upwind692.40.8665
Single Number Predominant Reaching618.50.9700
Single Number Predominant Downwind653.90.9176
Predominant Upwind - Low898.00.6682
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med759.00.7905
Predominant Upwind - Medium671.90.8930
Predominant Upwind - Med/High630.20.9520
Predominant Upwind - High616.40.9734
Predominant Downwind Low899.40.6671
Predominant Downwind Low/Med737.60.8135
Predominant Downwind Medium630.10.9523
Predominant Downwind Med/High564.51.0630
Predominant Downwind High529.11.1339
Predominant Reaching Low806.00.7444
Predominant Reaching Low/Med680.20.8822
Predominant Reaching Medium600.60.9990
Predominant Reaching Med/High555.11.0808
Predominant Reaching High530.51.1309
SA/DSPL Upwind22.68SA/DSPL Downwind34.28
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1107.10.5419
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med902.70.6647
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium764.20.7851
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High688.50.8714
5-Band Windward/Leeward High661.00.9078
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1112.20.5395
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med913.00.6571
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium779.80.7695
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High710.40.8446
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High688.00.8721
5-Band AP Low861.90.6961
5-Band AP Low/Med721.00.8322
5-Band AP Medium630.50.9516
5-Band AP Med/High581.21.0324
5-Band AP High558.81.0737
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1053.40.5696
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med865.20.6935
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium740.70.8100
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High675.00.8889
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High650.20.9228
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8487
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8730
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9030
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.8143
Bayview-Mac Shore0.8216
Harvest Moon Regatta562.71.0663

Club
Certificate
2024

Boat

JAM JAM

USA 56

US SAILING
1 ROGER WILLIAMS UNI WAY
BRISTOL, RI 02809
USA
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassMorgan 27Measurement22/01/1988HINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon RudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA8.496Max. Beam3.046Draft1.413Displacement3,218Wetted area17.28IMS L7.438LSM07.476Acc. length8.496Sink (kg/mm) 12.89
VCGD0.200VCGM0.198RM Rated (kg·m) 61.6Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight455Declared crew weight500
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeNo Propeller
Hydro generatorNo
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayAdjustableMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunners/Checkstays0Spreaders1Rotating mastNo
P9.449IG11.278ISP11.278MDT10.101MDL10.153MDT20.101MDL20.153TL0.000MW0.153GO0.180
E3.048J3.661BAS1.528FSD0.019SFJ0.000SPL3.582WPLTPSBD0.113MWT0.00MCG0.000
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodVCG entered directlyVCG entered0.200Flotation Date21/07/2021
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible

Club
Certificate
2024

Boat

JAM JAM

USA 56

US SAILING
1 ROGER WILLIAMS UNI WAY
BRISTOL, RI 02809
USA
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment10.130.641.151.972.5817.22light medium
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateCommentORC0.080.731.412.834.295.6411.40NoNo 32.41
SYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLAreaMeas.DateCommentS1.511.2511.2511.256.166.1857.79
ASYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLRatioAreaMeas.DateCommentA311.2710.6010.945.665.7399%51.70
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length8.5 mTable area0.33 m²Headroom1.40 mMinimum number of berths3Personal gear stowage0.12 m³Fresh water capacity38 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit3Food stowage0.18 m³Fuel capacity20 l
*This list refers to the calculated requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for the complete list of requirements.