Club
Certificate
2024

Boat

UNCIVILIZED

USA 87

US SAILING
1 ROGER WILLIAMS UNI WAY
BRISTOL, RI 02809
USA
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles44.1°42.2°40.4°39.1°38.4°38.6°38.6°39.4°
Beat VMG3.854.695.305.635.795.875.945.90
52°5.927.037.708.048.188.278.368.38
60°6.287.327.928.248.418.498.628.66
75°6.537.518.068.418.678.849.059.20
90°6.427.448.058.438.759.049.479.73
110°6.097.378.148.629.049.419.9110.33
120°5.917.188.018.538.999.4310.3311.05
135°5.286.577.558.198.659.1010.0511.35
150°4.455.666.697.498.028.399.059.77
Run VMG3.854.905.796.486.947.408.329.00
Gybe Angles142.8°146.9°148.5°149.2°150.1°171.4°176.5°176.5°
APH ToD:504.0CDL: 11.631APH ToT: 1.1905CertNo:US8745
BOAT
ClassDufour 45e SDDesignerFelci-RoseoBuilderDufourAge date01/2010Series date01/2008Offset fileDUFOUR45E-SD.offData fileUSA87
HULL
Length Overall13.600 mMaximum Beam4.308 mDraft1.795 mDisplacement10,864 kgDLR6.1584IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.040%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 2 bladesDiameter0.480m
CREW
Maximum weight901 kg(default)Minimum weight766 kg * when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail62.0763.47Headsail Luffed62.7362.73Headsail FlyingSymmetricAsymmetric135.28135.28 (All asymmetric spinnakers with SHW/SFL > 85%)
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail18.03Storm Jib16.61Heavy Weather Jib44.83
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails1  Spinnakers5
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.

Club
Certificate
2024

Boat

UNCIVILIZED

USA 87

US SAILING
1 ROGER WILLIAMS UNI WAY
BRISTOL, RI 02809
USA
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG935.2768.0679.1638.9622.3613.7606.1610.6
52°607.8512.4467.3447.7439.8435.6430.8429.8
60°573.6492.1454.6436.9428.3423.8417.8415.6
75°551.1479.6446.5428.0415.5407.2397.7391.5
90°560.7483.9447.3426.9411.4398.3380.3369.9
110°591.1488.8442.4417.8398.3382.7363.3348.7
120°609.5501.3449.4422.0400.7381.6348.5325.7
135°681.3547.9476.7439.6416.2395.6358.0317.2
150°809.3635.9538.3480.8449.0429.2397.8368.5
Run VMG934.6734.2621.6555.1518.4486.6432.8400.2
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward934.9751.1650.3597.0570.3550.2519.5505.4
All purpose715.3586.9520.2485.4466.0451.6430.9417.5
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward626.10.9583
All purpose504.01.1905
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low651.10.9215
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium500.61.1986
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High447.41.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low843.10.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium621.00.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High543.71.1035
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance550.11.0907
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low651.10.9215
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium500.61.1986
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High447.41.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low843.10.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium621.00.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High543.71.1035
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance934.8706.6586.4518.6484.2456.6411.3397.2
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.8636
Downwind "popa"0.9805
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.8957
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.9423
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low651.10.9215
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium500.61.1986
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High447.41.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low843.10.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium621.00.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High543.71.1035
Predominantly Upwind540.11.1108
Predominantly Downwind519.41.1551
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low651.10.9215
Triple Number AP Medium500.61.1985
Triple Number AP High447.41.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low843.10.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium621.00.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High543.71.1035
Single Number Predominant Upwind539.01.1132
Single Number Predominant Reaching482.41.2437
Single Number Predominant Downwind520.21.1535
Predominant Upwind - Low710.60.8443
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med592.71.0124
Predominant Upwind - Medium522.11.1493
Predominant Upwind - Med/High488.21.2290
Predominant Upwind - High472.81.2690
Predominant Downwind Low723.60.8292
Predominant Downwind Low/Med587.81.0207
Predominant Downwind Medium500.81.1981
Predominant Downwind Med/High448.41.3380
Predominant Downwind High414.61.4473
Predominant Reaching Low637.20.9417
Predominant Reaching Low/Med532.91.1260
Predominant Reaching Medium468.01.2820
Predominant Reaching Med/High429.91.3957
Predominant Reaching High406.41.4765
SA/DSPL Upwind25.24SA/DSPL Downwind39.91
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low893.20.6718
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med719.90.8334
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium610.40.9830
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High552.31.0863
5-Band Windward/Leeward High522.31.1487
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low894.00.6712
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med724.40.8283
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium618.60.9699
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High565.11.0618
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High539.51.1121
5-Band AP Low686.10.8745
5-Band AP Low/Med567.31.0576
5-Band AP Medium493.61.2157
5-Band AP Med/High453.41.3234
5-Band AP High432.21.3884
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low846.90.7085
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med686.40.8741
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium586.11.0238
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High534.31.1230
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High508.41.1802
Chicago-Mac Upwind1.0912
Chicago-Mac All Purpose1.1107
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.1349
Bayview-Mac Cove Island1.0340
Bayview-Mac Shore1.0480
Harvest Moon Regatta439.21.3661
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance550.11.0907
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low651.10.9215
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium500.61.1986
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High447.41.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low843.10.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium621.00.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High543.71.1035
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance934.8706.6586.4518.6484.2456.6411.3397.2
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance550.11.0907
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low651.10.9215
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium500.61.1986
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High447.41.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low843.10.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium621.00.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High543.71.1035
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance934.8706.6586.4518.6484.2456.6411.3397.2
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance550.1
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance934.8706.6586.4518.6484.2456.6411.3397.2
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low651.10.9215
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium500.61.1986
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High447.41.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low843.10.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium621.00.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High543.71.1035
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating (Coastal/Long Distance)550.11.0907
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low651.10.9215
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium500.61.1986
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High447.41.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low843.10.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium621.00.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High543.71.1035
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance934.8706.6586.4518.6484.2456.6411.3397.2
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low651.10.9215
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium500.61.1986
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High447.41.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low843.10.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium621.00.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High543.71.1035
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.9215
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1986
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.1035
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance934.8706.6586.4518.6484.2456.6411.3397.2
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance550.11.0907
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low651.10.9215
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium500.61.1986
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High447.41.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low843.10.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium621.00.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High543.71.1035
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance934.8706.6586.4518.6484.2456.6411.3397.2
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low651.10.9215
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium500.61.1986
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High447.41.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low843.10.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium621.00.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High543.71.1035
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance550.11.0907
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low651.10.9215
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium500.61.1986
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High447.41.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low843.10.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium621.00.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High543.71.1035
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance934.8706.6586.4518.6484.2456.6411.3397.2
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance550.11.0907
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low651.10.9215
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium500.61.1986
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High447.41.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low843.10.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium621.00.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High543.71.1035
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance934.8706.6586.4518.6484.2456.6411.3397.2
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low651.1
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium500.6
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High447.4
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low843.1
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium621.0
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High543.7
Predominantly Upwind540.1
Predominantly Downwind519.4
Predominantly Reaching493.2
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance550.11.0907
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low651.10.9215
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium500.61.1986
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High447.41.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low843.10.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium621.00.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High543.71.1035
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance934.8706.6586.4518.6484.2456.6411.3397.2
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.9215
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1986
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.1035
Coastal/Long Distance1.0907
Predominantly Upwind1.1108
Predominantly Downwind1.1551
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)566.3
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Tretall Distanseseilas Lite vind0.9215
Tretall Distanseseilas Mellomvind1.1986
Tretall Distanseseilas Mye vind1.3410
Tretall Pølsebane Lite vind0.7117
Tretall Pølsebane Mellomvind0.9662
Tretall Pølsebane Mye vind1.1035
Distanseseilas ett tall1.1905
Enkeltall Motvind1.1108
Enkeltall Medvind1.1551
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low651.10.9215
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium500.61.1986
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High447.41.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low843.10.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium621.00.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High543.71.1035
Coastal/Long Distance550.11.0907
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind540.11.1108
Predominantly Downwind519.41.1551
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore509.61.1774
Cape Doctor Coastal421.51.4235
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low651.10.9215
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium500.61.1986
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High447.41.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low843.10.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium621.00.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High543.71.1035
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.9215
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1986
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.1035
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.9215
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1986
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.1035
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance550.11.0907
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low651.10.9215
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium500.61.1986
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High447.41.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low843.10.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium621.00.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High543.71.1035
Predominantly Upwind540.11.1108
Predominantly Downwind519.41.1551
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance934.8706.6586.4518.6484.2456.6411.3397.2
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance550.11.0907
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low651.10.9215
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium500.61.1986
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High447.41.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low843.10.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium621.00.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High543.71.1035
Performance Curve6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance934.8706.6586.4518.6484.2456.6411.3397.2
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low651.10.9215
Triple Number AP Medium500.61.1985
Triple Number AP High447.41.3410
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low843.10.7117
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium621.00.9662
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High543.71.1035
Single Number Predominant Upwind539.01.1132
Single Number Predominant Reaching482.41.2437
Single Number Predominant Downwind520.21.1535
Predominant Upwind - Low710.60.8443
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med592.71.0124
Predominant Upwind - Medium522.11.1493
Predominant Upwind - Med/High488.21.2290
Predominant Upwind - High472.81.2690
Predominant Downwind Low723.60.8292
Predominant Downwind Low/Med587.81.0207
Predominant Downwind Medium500.81.1981
Predominant Downwind Med/High448.41.3380
Predominant Downwind High414.61.4473
Predominant Reaching Low637.20.9417
Predominant Reaching Low/Med532.91.1260
Predominant Reaching Medium468.01.2820
Predominant Reaching Med/High429.91.3957
Predominant Reaching High406.41.4765
SA/DSPL Upwind25.24SA/DSPL Downwind39.91
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low893.20.6718
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med719.90.8334
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium610.40.9830
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High552.31.0863
5-Band Windward/Leeward High522.31.1487
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low894.00.6712
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med724.40.8283
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium618.60.9699
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High565.11.0618
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High539.51.1121
5-Band AP Low686.10.8745
5-Band AP Low/Med567.31.0576
5-Band AP Medium493.61.2157
5-Band AP Med/High453.41.3234
5-Band AP High432.21.3884
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low846.90.7085
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med686.40.8741
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium586.11.0238
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High534.31.1230
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High508.41.1802
Chicago-Mac Upwind1.0912
Chicago-Mac All Purpose1.1107
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.1349
Bayview-Mac Cove Island1.0340
Bayview-Mac Shore1.0480
Harvest Moon Regatta439.21.3661

Club
Certificate
2024

Boat

UNCIVILIZED

USA 87

US SAILING
1 ROGER WILLIAMS UNI WAY
BRISTOL, RI 02809
USA
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassDufour 45e SDMeasurement01/04/2010HINPlan reviewHull constructionCoredCarbon RudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA13.600Max. Beam4.308Draft1.795Displacement10,864Wetted area39.27IMS L12.336LSM012.082Acc. length13.600Sink (kg/mm) 31.62
VCGD0.017VCGM0.130RM Rated (kg·m) 356.1Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight901Declared crew weightN/A
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 2 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.480PBW0.110PIPA0.0040
EDL3.160ST10.060ST20.175
ST30.175ST40.108ST50.340
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerYesMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunners/Checkstays0Spreaders3Rotating mastNo
P17.050IG18.150ISP18.200MDT10.140MDL10.250MDT20.140MDL20.180TL2.130MW0.260GO0.280
E6.040J5.014BAS1.490FSD0.035SFJ0.300SPL0.000WPLTPS5.314BD0.195MWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM estimatedFlotation Date02/09/2015
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible

Club
Certificate
2024

Boat

UNCIVILIZED

USA 87

US SAILING
1 ROGER WILLIAMS UNI WAY
BRISTOL, RI 02809
USA
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateCommentmain0.101.282.333.975.1662.0725/03/2024
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateCommentGenoa0.050.891.743.475.317.0317.85NoNo 62.7325/03/2024
ASYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLRatioAreaMeas.DateCommentSpi218.9316.2617.609.229.25100%135.2825/03/2024Redspi18.5016.3817.449.059.3996%132.5125/03/2024
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length13.6 mTable area0.66 m²Headroom1.87 mMinimum number of berths6Personal gear stowage0.24 m³Fresh water capacity228 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit6Food stowage0.36 m³Fuel capacity122 l
*This list refers to the calculated requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for the complete list of requirements.