Club Certificate2025
SANTA ANASTASIACRO 1938
Turkiye
Sailing
Federation
www.tyf.org.tr/
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles43.4°43.4°41.2°39.7°38.5°37.8°37.5°37.9°38.6°
Beat VMG2.703.764.615.225.595.765.865.965.95
52°4.265.776.857.567.948.138.248.368.39
60°4.566.107.147.788.158.368.488.628.67
75°4.786.337.357.958.338.608.829.089.22
90°4.776.427.578.218.578.818.999.499.81
110°4.746.467.728.418.909.319.6010.2610.81
120°4.596.327.618.348.879.399.8810.6911.73
135°4.045.687.027.948.529.049.5910.9112.79
150°3.354.765.997.057.888.408.849.7911.19
Run VMG2.904.125.186.116.847.347.768.539.69
Gybe Angles142.0°142.0°145.6°148.5°151.9°154.6°159.0°158.3°144.0°
APH ToD:495.9CDL: 11.600APH ToT: 1.2100CertNo:
BOAT
ClassSalona 44DesignerJakopinBuilderSalonaAge date05/2013Series date01/2009Offset fileS44IBCB.OFFData fileCRO1938
HULL
Length Overall13.550 mMaximum Beam4.176 mDraft2.415 mDisplacement9,300 kgDLR4.9759IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.200%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 2 bladesDiameter0.450m
CREW
Maximum weight920 kg(declared)Minimum weight782 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail57.5958.48Headsail Luffed41.6641.66Headsail FlyingSymmetricAsymmetric162.09162.09 (1 asymmetric(s) with SHW/SFL < 85%)
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail17.73Storm Jib14.45Heavy Weather Jib39.02
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails7Spinnakers5
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
SANTA ANASTASIACRO 1938
Turkiye
Sailing
Federation
www.tyf.org.tr/
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1332.0957.7780.9689.5644.3624.8613.8603.7605.2
52°844.3624.3525.2476.5453.6442.7437.1430.8429.2
60°788.9590.5503.9462.6441.9430.8424.7417.7415.1
75°753.5568.5489.7452.7432.3418.4408.1396.6390.3
90°755.3560.8475.6438.7420.1408.8400.5379.4366.9
110°759.7556.9466.6428.0404.7386.5375.0351.0333.0
120°784.7569.9472.9431.5405.7383.6364.5336.8307.0
135°892.1634.3512.5453.3422.7398.2375.3330.0281.5
150°1074.7757.0601.3510.6456.9428.4407.0367.7321.7
Run VMG1241.1874.1694.3589.6526.2490.4463.8421.9371.5
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1286.4915.9737.6639.6585.3557.6538.8512.8488.4
All purpose971.6702.7576.9512.6478.0458.1443.9421.6402.3
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward614.10.9770
All purpose495.91.2100
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low639.80.9378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium492.81.2175
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High439.11.3664
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low826.80.7257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium609.10.9850
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High533.81.1241
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance540.21.1107
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low639.80.9378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium492.81.2175
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High439.11.3664
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low826.80.7257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium609.10.9850
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High533.81.1241
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1360.5911.7692.8576.8509.9475.4448.1403.8383.7
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.8545
Downwind "popa"1.0344
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.9016
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.9730
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low639.80.9378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium492.81.2175
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High439.11.3664
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low826.80.7257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium609.10.9850
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High533.81.1241
Predominantly Upwind538.51.1143
Predominantly Downwind502.21.1947
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low639.80.9378
Triple Number AP Medium492.91.2173
Triple Number AP High439.11.3664
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low862.90.6953
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium609.10.9850
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High533.81.1241
Single Number Predominant Upwind560.61.0703
Single Number Predominant Reaching491.21.2215
Single Number Predominant Downwind523.21.1468
Predominant Upwind - Low780.20.7690
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med592.91.0119
Predominant Upwind - Medium520.61.1525
Predominant Upwind - Med/High484.91.2373
Predominant Upwind - High467.61.2832
Predominant Downwind Low762.70.7867
Predominant Downwind Low/Med566.41.0593
Predominant Downwind Medium484.81.2377
Predominant Downwind Med/High434.51.3810
Predominant Downwind High399.61.5014
Predominant Reaching Low682.70.8789
Predominant Reaching Low/Med521.71.1501
Predominant Reaching Medium459.41.3060
Predominant Reaching Med/High422.71.4196
Predominant Reaching High396.81.5122
SA/DSPL Upwind22.28SA/DSPL Downwind49.31
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low964.00.6224
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med706.80.8489
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium598.51.0024
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High541.51.1080
5-Band Windward/Leeward High513.11.1695
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low972.60.6169
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med716.40.8375
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium610.30.9831
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High556.51.0781
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High531.61.1287
5-Band AP Low703.40.8530
5-Band AP Low/Med558.21.0750
5-Band AP Medium485.81.2350
5-Band AP Med/High445.41.3470
5-Band AP High422.11.4213
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low832.20.7210
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med675.50.8882
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium576.31.0411
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High524.01.1450
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High497.01.2071
Chicago-Mac Upwind1.0364
Chicago-Mac All Purpose1.0737
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.1051
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7838
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7889
Harvest Moon Regatta429.01.3985
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance540.21.1107
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low639.80.9378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium492.81.2175
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High439.11.3664
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low826.80.7257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium609.10.9850
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High533.81.1241
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1360.5911.7692.8576.8509.9475.4448.1403.8383.7
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance540.21.1107
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low639.80.9378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium492.81.2175
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High439.11.3664
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low826.80.7257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium609.10.9850
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High533.81.1241
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1360.5911.7692.8576.8509.9475.4448.1403.8383.7
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance540.2
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1360.5911.7692.8576.8509.9475.4448.1403.8383.7
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low639.80.9378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium492.81.2175
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High439.11.3664
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low826.80.7257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium609.10.9850
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High533.81.1241
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating540.21.1107
FinRating, kevyt tuuli944.21.0591
FinRating, kova tuuli423.91.1794
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low639.80.9378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium492.81.2175
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High439.11.3664
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low826.80.7257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium609.10.9850
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High533.81.1241
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance1.1107
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.9378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.2175
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.3664
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9850
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.1241
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1360.5911.7692.8576.8509.9475.4448.1403.8383.7
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)557.1
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance540.21.1107
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low639.80.9378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium492.81.2175
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High439.11.3664
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low826.80.7257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium609.10.9850
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High533.81.1241
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1360.5911.7692.8576.8509.9475.4448.1403.8383.7
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low639.80.9378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium492.81.2175
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High439.11.3664
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low826.80.7257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium609.10.9850
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High533.81.1241
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance540.21.1107
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low639.80.9378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium492.81.2175
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High439.11.3664
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low826.80.7257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium609.10.9850
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High533.81.1241
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1360.5911.7692.8576.8509.9475.4448.1403.8383.7
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance540.21.1107
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low639.80.9378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium492.81.2175
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High439.11.3664
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low826.80.7257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium609.10.9850
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High533.81.1241
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1360.5911.7692.8576.8509.9475.4448.1403.8383.7
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low639.8
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium492.8
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High439.1
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low826.8
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium609.1
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High533.8
Predominantly Upwind538.5
Predominantly Downwind502.2
Predominantly Reaching480.8
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance540.21.1107
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low639.80.9378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium492.81.2175
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High439.11.3664
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low826.80.7257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium609.10.9850
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High533.81.1241
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1360.5911.7692.8576.8509.9475.4448.1403.8383.7
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.9378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.2175
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.3664
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9850
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.1241
Coastal/Long Distance1.1107
Predominantly Upwind1.1143
Predominantly Downwind1.1947
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)557.1
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.2100
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.9378
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.2175
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.3664
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.7257
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.9850
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind1.1241
Motvind Singeltall1.1143
Medvind Singeltall1.1947
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low639.80.9378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium492.81.2175
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High439.11.3664
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low826.80.7257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium609.10.9850
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High533.81.1241
Coastal/Long Distance540.21.1107
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind538.51.1143
Predominantly Downwind502.21.1947
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore495.71.2105
Cape Doctor Coastal408.11.4702
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low639.80.9378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium492.81.2175
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High439.11.3664
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low826.80.7257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium609.10.9850
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High533.81.1241
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.9378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.2175
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.3664
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9850
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.1241
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.9378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.2175
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.3664
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.7257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9850
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.1241
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance540.21.1107
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low639.80.9378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium492.81.2175
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High439.11.3664
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low826.80.7257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium609.10.9850
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High533.81.1241
Predominantly Upwind538.51.1143
Predominantly Downwind502.21.1947
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1360.5911.7692.8576.8509.9475.4448.1403.8383.7
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance540.21.1107
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low639.80.9378
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium492.81.2175
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High439.11.3664
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low826.80.7257
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium609.10.9850
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High533.81.1241
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1360.5911.7692.8576.8509.9475.4448.1403.8383.7
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low639.80.9378
Triple Number AP Medium492.91.2173
Triple Number AP High439.11.3664
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low862.90.6953
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium609.10.9850
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High533.81.1241
Single Number Predominant Upwind560.61.0703
Single Number Predominant Reaching491.21.2215
Single Number Predominant Downwind523.21.1468
Predominant Upwind - Low780.20.7690
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med592.91.0119
Predominant Upwind - Medium520.61.1525
Predominant Upwind - Med/High484.91.2373
Predominant Upwind - High467.61.2832
Predominant Downwind Low762.70.7867
Predominant Downwind Low/Med566.41.0593
Predominant Downwind Medium484.81.2377
Predominant Downwind Med/High434.51.3810
Predominant Downwind High399.61.5014
Predominant Reaching Low682.70.8789
Predominant Reaching Low/Med521.71.1501
Predominant Reaching Medium459.41.3060
Predominant Reaching Med/High422.71.4196
Predominant Reaching High396.81.5122
SA/DSPL Upwind22.28SA/DSPL Downwind49.31
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low964.00.6224
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med706.80.8489
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium598.51.0024
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High541.51.1080
5-Band Windward/Leeward High513.11.1695
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low972.60.6169
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med716.40.8375
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium610.30.9831
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High556.51.0781
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High531.61.1287
5-Band AP Low703.40.8530
5-Band AP Low/Med558.21.0750
5-Band AP Medium485.81.2350
5-Band AP Med/High445.41.3470
5-Band AP High422.11.4213
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low832.20.7210
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med675.50.8882
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium576.31.0411
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High524.01.1450
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High497.01.2071
Chicago-Mac Upwind1.0364
Chicago-Mac All Purpose1.0737
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.1051
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7838
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7889
Harvest Moon Regatta429.01.3985
Club Certificate2025
SANTA ANASTASIACRO 1938
Turkiye
Sailing
Federation
www.tyf.org.tr/
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassSalona 44Measurement13/08/2013HINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA13.550Max. Beam4.176Draft2.415Displacement9,300Wetted area35.45IMS L12.458LSM012.317Acc. length13.550Sink (kg/mm) 28.23
VCGD0.020VCGM0.020RM Rated (kg·m) 256.4Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight927Declared crew weight920
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 2 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.450PBWPIPA0.0008
EDLST1ST2
ST3ST4ST5
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders3Rotating mastNo
P16.880IG16.900ISP17.550MDT10.132MDL10.232MDT2MDL2TLTaperMW0.232GO0.262
E6.000J5.100BAS1.800FSD0.045SFJ0.050SPLWPLTPS6.100BD0.227MWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM estimatedFlotation Date30/04/2025
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
SANTA ANASTASIACRO 1938
Turkiye
Sailing
Federation
www.tyf.org.tr/
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment00.151.122.043.634.8957.5930/04/2025Measured by SEVDA ERSEZER
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment00.040.701.402.803.195.3216.47YesNo 41.6630/04/2025Measured by SEVDA ERSEZERJ40.080.541.052.103.204.3413.07YesNo 27.9707/04/2017
ASYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLRatioAreaMeas.DateCommentA220.1517.9019.0310.389.60108%162.0915/08/2024A318.1015.8016.958.0510.1080%119.5022/04/2025
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length13.6 mTable area0.66 m²Headroom1.87 mMinimum number of berths6Personal gear stowage0.24 m³Fresh water capacity228 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit6Food stowage0.36 m³Fuel capacity122 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.