Club Certificate2025
VAKKORAMA IITUR 17171
Turkiye
Sailing
Federation
www.tyf.org.tr/
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles42.1°42.1°39.4°37.3°36.6°36.0°35.6°35.5°36.7°
Beat VMG3.184.355.195.605.815.946.036.126.03
52°4.966.537.487.858.038.168.268.398.39
60°5.296.847.698.068.268.428.538.708.75
75°5.537.057.838.278.608.818.999.269.39
90°5.597.167.988.368.749.129.439.9210.27
110°5.427.048.008.619.169.6210.0310.7811.46
120°5.116.827.968.679.309.8210.5011.7612.85
135°4.416.187.558.309.029.8210.7912.7814.83
150°3.675.186.487.518.238.879.5811.6915.21
Run VMG3.174.485.616.517.187.698.3010.1213.17
Gybe Angles141.7°141.7°145.2°150.4°153.8°151.9°148.3°144.8°147.1°
APH ToD:471.1CDL: 11.494APH ToT: 1.2736CertNo:
BOAT
ClassFarr 40DesignerFarrBuilderCarrollAge date05/2001Series date01/1996Offset fileFARR40.OD.OFFData fileTUR 17171 VAKKORAMA II
HULL
Length Overall12.415 mMaximum Beam3.956 mDraft2.612 mDisplacement5,380 kgDLR4.1052IMS DivisionPerformanceDynamic Allowance0.000%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 2 bladesDiameter0.407m
CREW
Maximum weight850 kg(declared)Minimum weight720 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail62.5564.38Headsail Luffed40.6140.61Headsail FlyingSymmetricAsymmetric172.97172.97 (1 asymmetric(s) with SHW/SFL < 85%)
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail17.26Storm Jib13.09Heavy Weather Jib35.34
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails7Spinnakers5
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
COMMENTS
IRC ENDORSED 16May24 -- sails measured
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
VAKKORAMA IITUR 17171
Turkiye
Sailing
Federation
www.tyf.org.tr/
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1132.3828.1693.6643.1620.0606.1596.8588.4597.4
52°725.3550.9481.1458.5448.1441.1436.0428.9428.9
60°679.9526.1467.8446.5435.7427.8421.8413.7411.4
75°651.0510.6459.7435.1418.7408.5400.4388.7383.2
90°643.7502.5451.2430.5411.8394.6381.8363.0350.4
110°664.5511.5450.2418.0392.9374.1358.8333.9314.1
120°704.7528.1452.0415.4387.3366.7342.9306.2280.3
135°816.4582.8476.7433.6399.3366.5333.7281.6242.8
150°982.2695.2556.0479.2437.2405.9375.8308.0236.7
Run VMG1135.1802.7642.0553.2501.2467.9434.0355.6273.3
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1133.5815.4667.8598.2560.6537.0515.4472.0435.3
All purpose851.2629.4531.4487.5461.0442.1425.1395.2372.6
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward577.91.0382
All purpose471.11.2736
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low580.41.0338
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium471.01.2740
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High418.11.4349
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low741.60.8091
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium576.11.0414
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High504.51.1892
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance510.71.1749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low580.41.0338
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium471.01.2740
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High418.11.4349
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low741.60.8091
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium576.11.0414
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High504.51.1892
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1198.9814.1630.6543.6491.4459.3429.3377.8353.7
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.9178
Downwind "popa"1.1180
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.9699
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"1.0493
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low580.41.0338
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium471.01.2740
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High418.11.4349
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low741.60.8091
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium576.11.0414
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High504.51.1892
Predominantly Upwind510.91.1744
Predominantly Downwind472.11.2708
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low580.41.0338
Triple Number AP Medium471.01.2739
Triple Number AP High418.11.4349
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low773.80.7754
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium576.11.0414
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High504.51.1892
Single Number Predominant Upwind527.31.1378
Single Number Predominant Reaching462.01.2986
Single Number Predominant Downwind488.21.2290
Predominant Upwind - Low688.80.8711
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med549.01.0930
Predominant Upwind - Medium500.11.1997
Predominant Upwind - Med/High469.11.2789
Predominant Upwind - High449.71.3341
Predominant Downwind Low691.50.8677
Predominant Downwind Low/Med528.91.1343
Predominant Downwind Medium461.01.3014
Predominant Downwind Med/High406.01.4779
Predominant Downwind High359.41.6696
Predominant Reaching Low612.80.9792
Predominant Reaching Low/Med489.71.2252
Predominant Reaching Medium441.01.3607
Predominant Reaching Med/High400.81.4969
Predominant Reaching High371.01.6173
SA/DSPL Upwind33.41SA/DSPL Downwind76.28
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low858.10.6992
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med649.20.9243
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium568.11.0562
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High515.51.1639
5-Band Windward/Leeward High473.21.2680
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low860.60.6972
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med656.30.9143
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium579.61.0352
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High532.21.1274
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High496.81.2076
5-Band AP Low633.60.9470
5-Band AP Low/Med520.01.1539
5-Band AP Medium465.11.2900
5-Band AP Med/High426.01.4086
5-Band AP High396.51.5133
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low742.40.8082
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med620.90.9664
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium547.21.0966
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High498.61.2033
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High461.61.2999
Chicago-Mac Upwind1.1078
Chicago-Mac All Purpose1.1482
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.1836
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.8667
Bayview-Mac Shore0.8732
Harvest Moon Regatta406.51.4762
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance510.71.1749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low580.41.0338
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium471.01.2740
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High418.11.4349
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low741.60.8091
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium576.11.0414
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High504.51.1892
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1198.9814.1630.6543.6491.4459.3429.3377.8353.7
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance510.71.1749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low580.41.0338
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium471.01.2740
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High418.11.4349
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low741.60.8091
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium576.11.0414
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High504.51.1892
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1198.9814.1630.6543.6491.4459.3429.3377.8353.7
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance510.7
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1198.9814.1630.6543.6491.4459.3429.3377.8353.7
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low580.41.0338
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium471.01.2740
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High418.11.4349
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low741.60.8091
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium576.11.0414
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High504.51.1892
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating510.71.1749
FinRating, kevyt tuuli841.11.1890
FinRating, kova tuuli396.51.2611
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low580.41.0338
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium471.01.2740
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High418.11.4349
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low741.60.8091
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium576.11.0414
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High504.51.1892
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance1.1749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low1.0338
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.2740
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.4349
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.8091
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium1.0414
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.1892
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1198.9814.1630.6543.6491.4459.3429.3377.8353.7
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)523.3
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance510.71.1749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low580.41.0338
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium471.01.2740
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High418.11.4349
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low741.60.8091
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium576.11.0414
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High504.51.1892
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1198.9814.1630.6543.6491.4459.3429.3377.8353.7
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low580.41.0338
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium471.01.2740
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High418.11.4349
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low741.60.8091
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium576.11.0414
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High504.51.1892
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance510.71.1749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low580.41.0338
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium471.01.2740
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High418.11.4349
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low741.60.8091
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium576.11.0414
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High504.51.1892
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1198.9814.1630.6543.6491.4459.3429.3377.8353.7
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance510.71.1749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low580.41.0338
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium471.01.2740
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High418.11.4349
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low741.60.8091
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium576.11.0414
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High504.51.1892
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1198.9814.1630.6543.6491.4459.3429.3377.8353.7
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low580.4
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium471.0
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High418.1
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low741.6
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium576.1
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High504.5
Predominantly Upwind510.9
Predominantly Downwind472.1
Predominantly Reaching454.3
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance510.71.1749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low580.41.0338
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium471.01.2740
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High418.11.4349
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low741.60.8091
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium576.11.0414
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High504.51.1892
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1198.9814.1630.6543.6491.4459.3429.3377.8353.7
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low1.0338
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.2740
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.4349
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.8091
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium1.0414
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.1892
Coastal/Long Distance1.1749
Predominantly Upwind1.1744
Predominantly Downwind1.2708
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)523.3
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.2736
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind1.0338
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.2740
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.4349
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.8091
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind1.0414
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind1.1892
Motvind Singeltall1.1744
Medvind Singeltall1.2708
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low580.41.0338
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium471.01.2740
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High418.11.4349
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low741.60.8091
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium576.11.0414
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High504.51.1892
Coastal/Long Distance510.71.1749
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind510.91.1744
Predominantly Downwind472.11.2708
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore446.41.3442
Cape Doctor Coastal379.41.5814
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low580.41.0338
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium471.01.2740
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High418.11.4349
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low741.60.8091
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium576.11.0414
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High504.51.1892
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low1.0338
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.2740
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.4349
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.8091
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium1.0414
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.1892
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low1.0338
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.2740
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.4349
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.8091
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium1.0414
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.1892
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance510.71.1749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low580.41.0338
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium471.01.2740
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High418.11.4349
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low741.60.8091
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium576.11.0414
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High504.51.1892
Predominantly Upwind510.91.1744
Predominantly Downwind472.11.2708
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1198.9814.1630.6543.6491.4459.3429.3377.8353.7
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance510.71.1749
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low580.41.0338
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium471.01.2740
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High418.11.4349
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low741.60.8091
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium576.11.0414
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High504.51.1892
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1198.9814.1630.6543.6491.4459.3429.3377.8353.7
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low580.41.0338
Triple Number AP Medium471.01.2739
Triple Number AP High418.11.4349
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low773.80.7754
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium576.11.0414
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High504.51.1892
Single Number Predominant Upwind527.31.1378
Single Number Predominant Reaching462.01.2986
Single Number Predominant Downwind488.21.2290
Predominant Upwind - Low688.80.8711
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med549.01.0930
Predominant Upwind - Medium500.11.1997
Predominant Upwind - Med/High469.11.2789
Predominant Upwind - High449.71.3341
Predominant Downwind Low691.50.8677
Predominant Downwind Low/Med528.91.1343
Predominant Downwind Medium461.01.3014
Predominant Downwind Med/High406.01.4779
Predominant Downwind High359.41.6696
Predominant Reaching Low612.80.9792
Predominant Reaching Low/Med489.71.2252
Predominant Reaching Medium441.01.3607
Predominant Reaching Med/High400.81.4969
Predominant Reaching High371.01.6173
SA/DSPL Upwind33.41SA/DSPL Downwind76.28
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low858.10.6992
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med649.20.9243
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium568.11.0562
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High515.51.1639
5-Band Windward/Leeward High473.21.2680
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low860.60.6972
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med656.30.9143
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium579.61.0352
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High532.21.1274
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High496.81.2076
5-Band AP Low633.60.9470
5-Band AP Low/Med520.01.1539
5-Band AP Medium465.11.2900
5-Band AP Med/High426.01.4086
5-Band AP High396.51.5133
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low742.40.8082
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med620.90.9664
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium547.21.0966
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High498.61.2033
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High461.61.2999
Chicago-Mac Upwind1.1078
Chicago-Mac All Purpose1.1482
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.1836
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.8667
Bayview-Mac Shore0.8732
Harvest Moon Regatta406.51.4762
Club Certificate2025
VAKKORAMA IITUR 17171
Turkiye
Sailing
Federation
www.tyf.org.tr/
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassFarr 40Measurement08/01/2025HINPlan reviewHull constructionCoredCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA12.415Max. Beam3.956Draft2.612Displacement5,380Wetted area28.48IMS L11.386LSM010.942Acc. length12.415Sink (kg/mm) 21.70
VCGD-0.293VCGM-0.310RM Rated (kg·m) 178.0Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight783Declared crew weight850
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 2 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.407PBWPIPA0.0036
EDL0.702ST10.042ST20.180
ST30.180ST40.112ST50.268
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialCarbonSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footYesRunning backstays0Checkstays0Spreaders2Rotating mastNo
P16.660IG16.040ISP18.400MDT10.121MDL10.240MDT20.090MDL20.104TL1.993MW0.250GO0.290
E5.920J4.682BAS1.770FSD0.034SFJ0.000SPLWPLTPS6.705BD0.225MWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM estimatedFlotation Date13/05/2025
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
VAKKORAMA IITUR 17171
Turkiye
Sailing
Federation
www.tyf.org.tr/
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment10.201.442.574.185.1862.55IRC ENDORSED 2024
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateCommentJIB 20.671.312.553.724.8416.25NoNo 40.61measured by KAAN IS10.671.312.554.8716.25YesNo 40.53IRC ENDORSED 2024JIB 30.651.252.443.654.8116.25NoNo 39.67measured by KAAN IS
ASYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLRatioAreaMeas.DateCommentA1.520.6417.7419.1910.7910.9299%172.97measured by KAAN ISA220.6017.6519.1310.7710.9498%172.19measured by KAAN ISA119.7818.4219.1010.5711.2194%170.28measured by KAAN ISA319.8817.7318.819.3410.4290%149.75measured by KAAN ISC-018.9616.9017.937.299.7075%116.13measured by KAAN IS