Club Certificate2025
GAMMATUR
Turkiye
Sailing
Federation
www.tyf.org.tr/
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles45.9°45.9°44.1°42.5°41.4°40.4°39.7°39.3°40.1°
Beat VMG2.032.883.614.164.594.915.085.165.09
52°3.244.515.536.276.787.107.277.397.39
60°3.504.825.846.567.027.307.477.627.65
75°3.665.016.046.777.217.487.687.958.07
90°3.675.126.297.087.517.777.938.158.39
110°3.755.256.467.237.678.018.308.799.09
120°3.615.076.277.107.597.958.288.919.53
135°3.154.495.686.647.277.688.028.709.44
150°2.603.794.895.836.607.167.538.118.68
Run VMG2.253.284.235.055.726.226.657.297.82
Gybe Angles143.8°143.8°146.6°147.4°149.0°152.5°158.1°164.2°176.2°
APH ToD:592.6CDL: 8.755APH ToT: 1.0125CertNo:
BOAT
ClassFeeling 39DesignerBriandBuilderKirieAge date09/2000Series date10/1998Offset fileFEE_39DK.OFFData fileGAMMA
HULL
Length Overall11.645 mMaximum Beam4.026 mDraft2.000 mDisplacement8,420 kgDLR8.2928IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.500%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationShaft exposedTypeSolid 3 bladesDiameter0.457m
CREW
Maximum weight765 kg(declared)Minimum weight635 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail32.5632.97Headsail Luffed42.8542.85Headsail FlyingSymmetricAsymmetric104.03104.03 (All asymmetric spinnakers with SHW/SFL > 85%)
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail9.80Storm Jib10.24Heavy Weather Jib27.65
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5
✱ One set on the forestay
Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
COMMENTS
IRC WEIGHTED 2022
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
GAMMATUR
Turkiye
Sailing
Federation
www.tyf.org.tr/
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1774.01249.4997.7865.3783.9733.8709.4697.2706.8
52°1111.4798.2650.7574.6530.9507.3494.9487.1487.3
60°1027.8747.1616.5549.2513.2493.4481.9472.6470.7
75°983.5718.8596.1532.1499.6481.1468.5452.6446.1
90°980.1703.0572.6508.4479.2463.2454.1441.8428.9
110°959.5685.7557.6497.6469.3449.7433.6409.4396.1
120°996.1710.1574.4506.8474.5453.0434.7404.0377.7
135°1144.4801.1633.6542.3495.0468.8448.7413.9381.4
150°1384.7950.2736.8617.6545.0502.6477.8443.8414.8
Run VMG1598.91097.2850.7713.2629.4578.4541.7493.8460.7
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1686.01173.3924.2789.2706.7656.1625.5595.5583.7
All purpose1266.1893.3714.1619.6566.0534.0514.0491.9480.3
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward744.50.8059
All purpose592.61.0125
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low803.80.7465
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium588.21.0201
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High510.71.1748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium739.60.8112
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High621.90.9648
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance649.60.9237
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low803.80.7465
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium588.21.0201
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High510.71.1748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium739.60.8112
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High621.90.9648
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1785.91165.7864.4704.5607.4554.7519.1471.0456.1
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.6957
Downwind "popa"0.8564
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.7372
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.8009
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low803.80.7465
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium588.21.0201
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High510.71.1748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium739.60.8112
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High621.90.9648
Predominantly Upwind647.20.9270
Predominantly Downwind602.00.9966
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low803.70.7465
Triple Number AP Medium588.31.0199
Triple Number AP High510.71.1748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1099.00.5459
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium739.60.8112
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High621.90.9648
Single Number Predominant Upwind679.30.8832
Single Number Predominant Reaching589.31.0181
Single Number Predominant Downwind632.70.9483
Predominant Upwind - Low1003.90.5977
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med734.00.8175
Predominant Upwind - Medium620.60.9668
Predominant Upwind - Med/High560.91.0698
Predominant Upwind - High541.91.1072
Predominant Downwind Low967.60.6201
Predominant Downwind Low/Med692.70.8662
Predominant Downwind Medium575.41.0427
Predominant Downwind Med/High508.81.1793
Predominant Downwind High475.81.2612
Predominant Reaching Low867.10.6920
Predominant Reaching Low/Med634.60.9454
Predominant Reaching Medium539.91.1112
Predominant Reaching Med/High490.11.2241
Predominant Reaching High467.61.2833
SA/DSPL Upwind18.09SA/DSPL Downwind32.77
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1239.30.4841
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med881.20.6809
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium723.30.8295
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High632.50.9487
5-Band Windward/Leeward High598.71.0022
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1255.00.4781
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med896.30.6694
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium738.80.8121
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High649.50.9238
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High619.10.9691
5-Band AP Low891.70.6729
5-Band AP Low/Med685.30.8755
5-Band AP Medium577.51.0389
5-Band AP Med/High518.01.1583
5-Band AP High493.71.2152
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1062.80.5646
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med842.20.7124
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium695.60.8626
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High612.80.9790
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High582.71.0296
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8480
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8823
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9102
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6190
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6231
Harvest Moon Regatta504.91.1884
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance649.60.9237
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low803.80.7465
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium588.21.0201
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High510.71.1748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium739.60.8112
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High621.90.9648
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1785.91165.7864.4704.5607.4554.7519.1471.0456.1
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance649.60.9237
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low803.80.7465
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium588.21.0201
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High510.71.1748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium739.60.8112
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High621.90.9648
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1785.91165.7864.4704.5607.4554.7519.1471.0456.1
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance649.6
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1785.91165.7864.4704.5607.4554.7519.1471.0456.1
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low803.80.7465
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium588.21.0201
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High510.71.1748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium739.60.8112
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High621.90.9648
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating649.60.9237
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1214.60.8233
FinRating, kova tuuli497.51.0050
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low803.80.7465
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium588.21.0201
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High510.71.1748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium739.60.8112
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High621.90.9648
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance0.9237
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7465
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0201
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8112
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9648
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1785.91165.7864.4704.5607.4554.7519.1471.0456.1
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)673.7
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance649.60.9237
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low803.80.7465
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium588.21.0201
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High510.71.1748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium739.60.8112
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High621.90.9648
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1785.91165.7864.4704.5607.4554.7519.1471.0456.1
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low803.80.7465
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium588.21.0201
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High510.71.1748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium739.60.8112
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High621.90.9648
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance649.60.9237
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low803.80.7465
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium588.21.0201
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High510.71.1748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium739.60.8112
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High621.90.9648
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1785.91165.7864.4704.5607.4554.7519.1471.0456.1
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance649.60.9237
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low803.80.7465
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium588.21.0201
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High510.71.1748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium739.60.8112
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High621.90.9648
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1785.91165.7864.4704.5607.4554.7519.1471.0456.1
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low803.8
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium588.2
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High510.7
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.8
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium739.6
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High621.9
Predominantly Upwind647.2
Predominantly Downwind602.0
Predominantly Reaching572.7
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance649.60.9237
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low803.80.7465
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium588.21.0201
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High510.71.1748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium739.60.8112
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High621.90.9648
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1785.91165.7864.4704.5607.4554.7519.1471.0456.1
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7465
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0201
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8112
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9648
Coastal/Long Distance0.9237
Predominantly Upwind0.9270
Predominantly Downwind0.9966
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)673.7
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.0125
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.7465
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.0201
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.1748
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.5721
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.8112
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind0.9648
Motvind Singeltall0.9270
Medvind Singeltall0.9966
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low803.80.7465
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium588.21.0201
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High510.71.1748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium739.60.8112
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High621.90.9648
Coastal/Long Distance649.60.9237
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind647.20.9270
Predominantly Downwind602.00.9966
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore587.31.0217
Cape Doctor Coastal483.81.2402
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low803.80.7465
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium588.21.0201
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High510.71.1748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium739.60.8112
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High621.90.9648
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7465
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0201
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8112
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9648
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.7465
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0201
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.1748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8112
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High0.9648
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance649.60.9237
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low803.80.7465
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium588.21.0201
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High510.71.1748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium739.60.8112
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High621.90.9648
Predominantly Upwind647.20.9270
Predominantly Downwind602.00.9966
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1785.91165.7864.4704.5607.4554.7519.1471.0456.1
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance649.60.9237
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low803.80.7465
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium588.21.0201
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High510.71.1748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1048.80.5721
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium739.60.8112
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High621.90.9648
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1785.91165.7864.4704.5607.4554.7519.1471.0456.1
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low803.70.7465
Triple Number AP Medium588.31.0199
Triple Number AP High510.71.1748
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1099.00.5459
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium739.60.8112
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High621.90.9648
Single Number Predominant Upwind679.30.8832
Single Number Predominant Reaching589.31.0181
Single Number Predominant Downwind632.70.9483
Predominant Upwind - Low1003.90.5977
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med734.00.8175
Predominant Upwind - Medium620.60.9668
Predominant Upwind - Med/High560.91.0698
Predominant Upwind - High541.91.1072
Predominant Downwind Low967.60.6201
Predominant Downwind Low/Med692.70.8662
Predominant Downwind Medium575.41.0427
Predominant Downwind Med/High508.81.1793
Predominant Downwind High475.81.2612
Predominant Reaching Low867.10.6920
Predominant Reaching Low/Med634.60.9454
Predominant Reaching Medium539.91.1112
Predominant Reaching Med/High490.11.2241
Predominant Reaching High467.61.2833
SA/DSPL Upwind18.09SA/DSPL Downwind32.77
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1239.30.4841
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med881.20.6809
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium723.30.8295
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High632.50.9487
5-Band Windward/Leeward High598.71.0022
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1255.00.4781
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med896.30.6694
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium738.80.8121
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High649.50.9238
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High619.10.9691
5-Band AP Low891.70.6729
5-Band AP Low/Med685.30.8755
5-Band AP Medium577.51.0389
5-Band AP Med/High518.01.1583
5-Band AP High493.71.2152
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low1062.80.5646
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med842.20.7124
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium695.60.8626
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High612.80.9790
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High582.71.0296
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.8480
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.8823
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9102
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6190
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6231
Harvest Moon Regatta504.91.1884
Club Certificate2025
GAMMATUR
Turkiye
Sailing
Federation
www.tyf.org.tr/
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassFeeling 39Measurement23/06/2025HINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA11.645Max. Beam4.026Draft2.000Displacement8,420Wetted area31.64IMS L10.254LSM010.050Acc. length11.645Sink (kg/mm) 23.12
VCGD0.090VCGM0.089RM Rated (kg·m) 186.2Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight693Declared crew weight765
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeSolid 3 blades
InstallationShaft exposedTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.457PBWPIPA0.0270
PSD0.030PHD0.065PHL0.081
PSA20.0°ESL0.730
ST10.000ST20.000ST30.000
ST40.060ST5
RIG
Forestay tensionFixedInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerYesMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders2Rotating mastNo
P13.580IG14.310ISP14.310MDT10.110MDL10.200MDT2MDL2TLMWGO
E4.120J4.390BAS1.600FSDNo FoilSFJSPLWPLTPS4.750BDMWTMCG
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM estimatedFlotation Date23/06/2025
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
GAMMATUR
Turkiye
Sailing
Federation
www.tyf.org.tr/
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateCommentA0.791.432.5132.56IRC STANDART 03Oct2022
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateCommentA0.731.452.996.3613.73NoNo 42.85IRC STANDART 03Oct2022
ASYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLRatioAreaMeas.DateCommentA15.8015.0015.408.048.3796%104.03IRC STANDART 03Oct2022
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length11.6 mTable area0.55 m²Headroom1.79 mMinimum number of berths5Personal gear stowage0.20 m³Fresh water capacity140 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit5Food stowage0.30 m³Fuel capacity82 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.