Club Certificate2025
AURORA XTUR 2205
Turkiye
Sailing
Federation
www.tyf.org.tr/
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles42.3°42.3°40.4°38.4°37.2°36.7°36.5°36.6°37.7°
Beat VMG2.683.694.464.995.255.375.445.495.43
52°4.185.586.527.027.277.397.477.557.56
60°4.455.856.727.177.437.597.687.797.81
75°4.616.026.847.277.597.848.018.218.32
90°4.496.006.997.467.727.928.208.638.87
110°4.576.107.117.668.128.518.799.319.84
120°4.415.957.017.578.068.549.059.9710.92
135°3.805.326.527.237.708.188.7010.1412.92
150°3.164.475.616.567.207.618.008.8811.08
Run VMG2.743.874.865.686.286.717.087.779.60
Gybe Angles142.6°142.6°147.1°149.9°153.7°159.0°162.4°161.0°140.8°
APH ToD:535.9CDL: 9.514APH ToT: 1.1195CertNo:
BOAT
ClassX-35DesignerJEPPESENBuilderX YACHTSAge date01/2006Series date09/2005Offset filex35.OD.offData fileTUR2205 AURORA X
HULL
Length Overall10.600 mMaximum Beam3.250 mDraft2.169 mDisplacement4,700 kgDLR6.1419IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.000%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 2 bladesDiameter0.350m
CREW
Maximum weight850 kg(declared)Minimum weight720 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail40.4641.30Headsail Luffed31.4931.49Headsail FlyingSymmetricAsymmetric108.77108.77 (All asymmetric spinnakers with SHW/SFL > 85%)
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail11.83Storm Jib10.45Heavy Weather Jib28.21
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails5Spinnakers4
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
COMMENTS
IRC ENDORSED CERT 2024
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
AURORA XTUR 2205
Turkiye
Sailing
Federation
www.tyf.org.tr/
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1340.8976.6807.2721.4685.3670.5662.3655.9663.3
52°861.8645.4552.5512.6494.9487.0482.3476.9476.2
60°809.1615.2535.8502.3484.3474.5469.0462.1461.0
75°780.5598.4526.0494.9474.6459.3449.2438.3432.7
90°801.4600.0514.8482.4466.4454.8439.2417.4405.8
110°788.0590.2506.1470.1443.5423.2409.7386.7365.8
120°815.7605.0513.8475.7446.9421.4397.7361.2329.7
135°947.0677.0552.4498.0467.3439.9413.6355.0278.6
150°1138.9805.2642.0548.8500.1473.1449.8405.3324.9
Run VMG1315.8929.8741.3633.7573.4536.9508.6463.4375.1
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1327.9953.2774.3677.5629.3603.7585.4559.7519.2
All purpose1006.0735.7612.0551.5519.9500.5485.3461.5433.4
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward656.70.9137
All purpose535.91.1195
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low673.90.8904
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium533.21.1252
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High480.21.2495
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low863.70.6947
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium651.00.9216
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.31.0339
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance581.41.0320
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low673.90.8904
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium533.21.1252
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High480.21.2495
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low863.70.6947
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium651.00.9216
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.31.0339
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1405.8950.9729.7615.6552.9519.3490.0441.8415.2
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.8109
Downwind "popa"0.9574
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.8499
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.9082
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low673.90.8904
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium533.21.1252
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High480.21.2495
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low863.70.6947
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium651.00.9216
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.31.0339
Predominantly Upwind578.31.0375
Predominantly Downwind544.61.1017
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low673.80.8904
Triple Number AP Medium533.31.1251
Triple Number AP High480.21.2495
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low900.50.6663
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium651.00.9216
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.31.0339
Single Number Predominant Upwind600.01.0000
Single Number Predominant Reaching532.31.1272
Single Number Predominant Downwind565.41.0612
Predominant Upwind - Low809.20.7415
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med627.80.9558
Predominant Upwind - Medium562.11.0675
Predominant Upwind - Med/High529.31.1336
Predominant Upwind - High511.11.1739
Predominant Downwind Low806.60.7438
Predominant Downwind Low/Med608.10.9867
Predominant Downwind Medium528.51.1353
Predominant Downwind Med/High476.31.2598
Predominant Downwind High433.61.3836
Predominant Reaching Low720.90.8323
Predominant Reaching Low/Med561.31.0689
Predominant Reaching Medium502.51.1939
Predominant Reaching Med/High464.01.2932
Predominant Reaching High432.91.3859
SA/DSPL Upwind25.51SA/DSPL Downwind52.91
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1002.20.5987
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med745.10.8052
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium641.40.9354
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High587.81.0207
5-Band Windward/Leeward High557.11.0770
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1006.90.5959
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med752.90.7970
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium652.50.9195
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High603.20.9947
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High577.31.0392
5-Band AP Low739.40.8114
5-Band AP Low/Med595.31.0080
5-Band AP Medium526.61.1393
5-Band AP Med/High486.81.2326
5-Band AP High460.81.3021
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low866.80.6922
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med712.50.8421
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium618.30.9704
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High569.11.0543
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High539.61.1120
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9725
Chicago-Mac All Purpose1.0014
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.0250
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7455
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7505
Harvest Moon Regatta469.01.2793
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance581.41.0320
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low673.90.8904
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium533.21.1252
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High480.21.2495
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low863.70.6947
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium651.00.9216
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.31.0339
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1405.8950.9729.7615.6552.9519.3490.0441.8415.2
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance581.41.0320
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low673.90.8904
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium533.21.1252
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High480.21.2495
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low863.70.6947
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium651.00.9216
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.31.0339
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1405.8950.9729.7615.6552.9519.3490.0441.8415.2
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance581.4
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1405.8950.9729.7615.6552.9519.3490.0441.8415.2
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low673.90.8904
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium533.21.1252
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High480.21.2495
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low863.70.6947
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium651.00.9216
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.31.0339
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating581.41.0320
FinRating, kevyt tuuli983.01.0173
FinRating, kova tuuli461.31.0839
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low673.90.8904
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium533.21.1252
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High480.21.2495
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low863.70.6947
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium651.00.9216
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.31.0339
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance1.0320
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8904
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1252
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2495
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6947
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9216
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0339
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1405.8950.9729.7615.6552.9519.3490.0441.8415.2
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)598.2
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance581.41.0320
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low673.90.8904
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium533.21.1252
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High480.21.2495
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low863.70.6947
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium651.00.9216
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.31.0339
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1405.8950.9729.7615.6552.9519.3490.0441.8415.2
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low673.90.8904
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium533.21.1252
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High480.21.2495
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low863.70.6947
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium651.00.9216
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.31.0339
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance581.41.0320
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low673.90.8904
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium533.21.1252
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High480.21.2495
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low863.70.6947
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium651.00.9216
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.31.0339
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1405.8950.9729.7615.6552.9519.3490.0441.8415.2
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance581.41.0320
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low673.90.8904
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium533.21.1252
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High480.21.2495
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low863.70.6947
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium651.00.9216
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.31.0339
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1405.8950.9729.7615.6552.9519.3490.0441.8415.2
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low673.9
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium533.2
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High480.2
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low863.7
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium651.0
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.3
Predominantly Upwind578.3
Predominantly Downwind544.6
Predominantly Reaching522.5
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance581.41.0320
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low673.90.8904
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium533.21.1252
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High480.21.2495
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low863.70.6947
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium651.00.9216
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.31.0339
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1405.8950.9729.7615.6552.9519.3490.0441.8415.2
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8904
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1252
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2495
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6947
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9216
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0339
Coastal/Long Distance1.0320
Predominantly Upwind1.0375
Predominantly Downwind1.1017
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)598.2
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.1195
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.8904
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.1252
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.2495
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6947
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.9216
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind1.0339
Motvind Singeltall1.0375
Medvind Singeltall1.1017
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low673.90.8904
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium533.21.1252
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High480.21.2495
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low863.70.6947
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium651.00.9216
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.31.0339
Coastal/Long Distance581.41.0320
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind578.31.0375
Predominantly Downwind544.61.1017
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore531.31.1292
Cape Doctor Coastal441.81.3581
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low673.90.8904
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium533.21.1252
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High480.21.2495
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low863.70.6947
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium651.00.9216
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.31.0339
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8904
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1252
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2495
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6947
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9216
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0339
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8904
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1252
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2495
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6947
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.9216
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0339
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance581.41.0320
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low673.90.8904
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium533.21.1252
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High480.21.2495
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low863.70.6947
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium651.00.9216
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.31.0339
Predominantly Upwind578.31.0375
Predominantly Downwind544.61.1017
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1405.8950.9729.7615.6552.9519.3490.0441.8415.2
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance581.41.0320
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low673.90.8904
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium533.21.1252
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High480.21.2495
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low863.70.6947
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium651.00.9216
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.31.0339
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1405.8950.9729.7615.6552.9519.3490.0441.8415.2
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low673.80.8904
Triple Number AP Medium533.31.1251
Triple Number AP High480.21.2495
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low900.50.6663
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium651.00.9216
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High580.31.0339
Single Number Predominant Upwind600.01.0000
Single Number Predominant Reaching532.31.1272
Single Number Predominant Downwind565.41.0612
Predominant Upwind - Low809.20.7415
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med627.80.9558
Predominant Upwind - Medium562.11.0675
Predominant Upwind - Med/High529.31.1336
Predominant Upwind - High511.11.1739
Predominant Downwind Low806.60.7438
Predominant Downwind Low/Med608.10.9867
Predominant Downwind Medium528.51.1353
Predominant Downwind Med/High476.31.2598
Predominant Downwind High433.61.3836
Predominant Reaching Low720.90.8323
Predominant Reaching Low/Med561.31.0689
Predominant Reaching Medium502.51.1939
Predominant Reaching Med/High464.01.2932
Predominant Reaching High432.91.3859
SA/DSPL Upwind25.51SA/DSPL Downwind52.91
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1002.20.5987
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med745.10.8052
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium641.40.9354
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High587.81.0207
5-Band Windward/Leeward High557.11.0770
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1006.90.5959
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med752.90.7970
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium652.50.9195
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High603.20.9947
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High577.31.0392
5-Band AP Low739.40.8114
5-Band AP Low/Med595.31.0080
5-Band AP Medium526.61.1393
5-Band AP Med/High486.81.2326
5-Band AP High460.81.3021
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low866.80.6922
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med712.50.8421
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium618.30.9704
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High569.11.0543
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High539.61.1120
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9725
Chicago-Mac All Purpose1.0014
Chicago-Mac Downwind1.0250
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.7455
Bayview-Mac Shore0.7505
Harvest Moon Regatta469.01.2793
Club Certificate2025
AURORA XTUR 2205
Turkiye
Sailing
Federation
www.tyf.org.tr/
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassX-35Measurement23/10/2024HINPlan reviewHull constructionCoredCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA10.600Max. Beam3.250Draft2.169Displacement4,700Wetted area23.33IMS L9.532LSM09.146Acc. length10.563Sink (kg/mm) 18.03
VCGD-0.069VCGM-0.092RM Rated (kg·m) 128.0Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight606Declared crew weight850
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 2 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.350PBWPIPA0.0038
EDL2.350ST10.065ST20.180
ST30.180ST40.110ST50.320
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerNoArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0Checkstays0Spreaders2Rotating mastNo
P13.870IG14.360ISP14.440MDT10.123MDL10.183MDT20.120MDL20.137TL1.740MW0.183GO0.210
E4.870J4.180BAS1.749FSD0.035SFJ0.000SPLWPLTPS4.200BD0.220MWT157.90MCG4.670
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM estimatedFlotation Date10/10/2025
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
AURORA XTUR 2205
Turkiye
Sailing
Federation
www.tyf.org.tr/
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment11.151.853.0740.46IRC ENDORSED 08Oct2500.230.841.833.104.0739.7207/01/2025measured by CAGATAY ONUR
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment10.621.062.234.4014.20NoNo 31.49IRC ENDORSED 08Oct25
ASYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLRatioAreaMeas.DateComment016.4313.7215.088.748.33105%108.77IRC ENDORSED 08Oct25
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length10.6 mTable area0.44 m²Headroom1.74 mMinimum number of berths4Personal gear stowage0.16 m³Fresh water capacity92 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit4Food stowage0.24 m³Fuel capacity62 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.