Club Certificate2025
BELUGATUR 1293
Turkiye
Sailing
Federation
www.tyf.org.tr/
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles46.6°46.6°44.8°43.6°43.1°42.6°42.0°41.3°41.2°
Beat VMG2.243.163.944.524.975.325.525.725.80
52°3.604.996.086.887.497.918.138.328.41
60°3.955.386.457.237.808.178.388.578.67
75°4.235.676.717.498.058.408.638.889.03
90°4.115.576.687.648.278.618.799.089.31
110°4.055.636.927.908.508.869.129.529.79
120°3.935.496.777.768.418.819.129.6310.09
135°3.364.866.197.228.028.548.909.4910.04
150°2.814.105.296.367.237.928.409.019.51
Run VMG2.433.554.585.506.266.867.358.138.75
Gybe Angles143.8°143.8°147.0°147.7°149.3°151.1°155.4°163.6°175.9°
APH ToD:540.6CDL: 11.373APH ToT: 1.1098CertNo:
BOAT
ClassPROTOTYPEDesignerALLEN ROYBuilderAge date01/1987Series date01/1987Offset fileTUR1293.offData fileTUR 1293
HULL
Length Overall16.000 mMaximum Beam5.100 mDraft2.498 mDisplacement30,500 kgDLR10.4792IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.660%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationShaft exposedTypeSolid 3 bladesDiameter0.600m
CREW
Maximum weight1,275 kg(declared)Minimum weight1,084 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail55.3755.58Mizzen30.5530.68Headsail Luffed98.9198.91Headsail FlyingSymmetricAsymmetric206.68206.68 (All asymmetric spinnakers with SHW/SFL > 85%)
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail18.69Storm Jib19.41Heavy Weather Jib52.40
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails7Spinnakers5
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
BELUGATUR 1293
Turkiye
Sailing
Federation
www.tyf.org.tr/
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1609.71137.7912.6796.4723.9676.8652.4628.9620.8
52°1000.3722.1591.8523.3480.4455.1442.6432.6427.9
60°912.1669.7558.2498.1461.3440.6429.5420.2415.1
75°851.2634.6536.7480.5447.3428.5417.2405.2398.7
90°875.0646.7539.1471.4435.2418.2409.5396.4386.9
110°888.8639.0520.0455.8423.7406.3394.6378.0367.8
120°915.6655.7531.4463.9428.1408.6394.7373.9356.7
135°1072.6741.5581.5498.5448.9421.5404.5379.4358.5
150°1281.6879.1680.1566.5498.2454.7428.5399.5378.6
Run VMG1479.91015.1785.3654.1575.3524.6489.9442.7411.6
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1544.41076.4848.9725.3649.6600.7571.1535.8516.2
All purpose1152.6817.5656.2568.2516.1484.5465.8443.9431.0
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward682.70.8789
All purpose540.61.1098
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low736.80.8143
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium537.21.1168
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High462.21.2980
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low962.60.6233
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium679.20.8834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High565.21.0615
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance593.71.0106
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low736.80.8143
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium537.21.1168
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High462.21.2980
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low962.60.6233
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium679.20.8834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High565.21.0615
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1636.81070.2794.6646.8555.1503.9470.0424.9411.4
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.7597
Downwind "popa"0.9360
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.8052
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.8751
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low736.80.8143
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium537.21.1168
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High462.21.2980
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low962.60.6233
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium679.20.8834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High565.21.0615
Predominantly Upwind591.61.0143
Predominantly Downwind550.11.0907
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low736.90.8143
Triple Number AP Medium537.31.1167
Triple Number AP High462.31.2980
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1008.50.5949
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium679.20.8834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High565.21.0615
Single Number Predominant Upwind619.10.9691
Single Number Predominant Reaching537.51.1163
Single Number Predominant Downwind578.01.0380
Predominant Upwind - Low915.60.6553
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med672.50.8923
Predominant Upwind - Medium567.11.0581
Predominant Upwind - Med/High508.41.1802
Predominant Upwind - High486.51.2333
Predominant Downwind Low891.30.6732
Predominant Downwind Low/Med636.80.9422
Predominant Downwind Medium524.91.1431
Predominant Downwind Med/High460.11.3041
Predominant Downwind High429.61.3968
Predominant Reaching Low795.30.7544
Predominant Reaching Low/Med583.91.0276
Predominant Reaching Medium492.21.2190
Predominant Reaching Med/High442.61.3555
Predominant Reaching High421.51.4235
SA/DSPL Upwind18.72SA/DSPL Downwind29.63
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1136.60.5279
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med809.40.7413
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium664.10.9035
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High576.71.0404
5-Band Windward/Leeward High538.51.1142
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1149.20.5221
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med822.90.7291
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium678.80.8839
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High593.11.0117
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High557.11.0770
5-Band AP Low815.10.7361
5-Band AP Low/Med628.30.9550
5-Band AP Medium526.91.1386
5-Band AP Med/High469.51.2781
5-Band AP High445.51.3469
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low974.70.6156
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med773.30.7759
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium638.30.9401
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High558.71.0738
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High525.41.1420
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9283
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9645
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9939
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6758
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6804
Harvest Moon Regatta457.61.3111
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance593.71.0106
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low736.80.8143
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium537.21.1168
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High462.21.2980
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low962.60.6233
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium679.20.8834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High565.21.0615
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1636.81070.2794.6646.8555.1503.9470.0424.9411.4
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance593.71.0106
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low736.80.8143
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium537.21.1168
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High462.21.2980
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low962.60.6233
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium679.20.8834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High565.21.0615
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1636.81070.2794.6646.8555.1503.9470.0424.9411.4
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance593.7
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1636.81070.2794.6646.8555.1503.9470.0424.9411.4
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low736.80.8143
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium537.21.1168
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High462.21.2980
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low962.60.6233
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium679.20.8834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High565.21.0615
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating593.71.0106
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1113.20.8983
FinRating, kova tuuli448.51.1147
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low736.80.8143
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium537.21.1168
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High462.21.2980
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low962.60.6233
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium679.20.8834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High565.21.0615
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance1.0106
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8143
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1168
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2980
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6233
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0615
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1636.81070.2794.6646.8555.1503.9470.0424.9411.4
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)615.3
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance593.71.0106
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low736.80.8143
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium537.21.1168
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High462.21.2980
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low962.60.6233
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium679.20.8834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High565.21.0615
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1636.81070.2794.6646.8555.1503.9470.0424.9411.4
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low736.80.8143
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium537.21.1168
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High462.21.2980
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low962.60.6233
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium679.20.8834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High565.21.0615
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance593.71.0106
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low736.80.8143
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium537.21.1168
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High462.21.2980
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low962.60.6233
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium679.20.8834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High565.21.0615
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1636.81070.2794.6646.8555.1503.9470.0424.9411.4
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance593.71.0106
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low736.80.8143
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium537.21.1168
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High462.21.2980
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low962.60.6233
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium679.20.8834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High565.21.0615
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1636.81070.2794.6646.8555.1503.9470.0424.9411.4
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low736.8
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium537.2
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High462.2
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low962.6
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium679.2
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High565.2
Predominantly Upwind591.6
Predominantly Downwind550.1
Predominantly Reaching523.5
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance593.71.0106
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low736.80.8143
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium537.21.1168
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High462.21.2980
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low962.60.6233
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium679.20.8834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High565.21.0615
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1636.81070.2794.6646.8555.1503.9470.0424.9411.4
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8143
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1168
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2980
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6233
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0615
Coastal/Long Distance1.0106
Predominantly Upwind1.0143
Predominantly Downwind1.0907
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)615.3
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.1098
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.8143
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.1168
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.2980
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6233
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.8834
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind1.0615
Motvind Singeltall1.0143
Medvind Singeltall1.0907
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low736.80.8143
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium537.21.1168
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High462.21.2980
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low962.60.6233
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium679.20.8834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High565.21.0615
Coastal/Long Distance593.71.0106
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind591.61.0143
Predominantly Downwind550.11.0907
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore522.11.1492
Cape Doctor Coastal434.91.3797
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low736.80.8143
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium537.21.1168
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High462.21.2980
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low962.60.6233
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium679.20.8834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High565.21.0615
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8143
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1168
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2980
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6233
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0615
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8143
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.1168
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2980
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6233
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0615
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance593.71.0106
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low736.80.8143
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium537.21.1168
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High462.21.2980
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low962.60.6233
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium679.20.8834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High565.21.0615
Predominantly Upwind591.61.0143
Predominantly Downwind550.11.0907
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1636.81070.2794.6646.8555.1503.9470.0424.9411.4
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance593.71.0106
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low736.80.8143
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium537.21.1168
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High462.21.2980
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low962.60.6233
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium679.20.8834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High565.21.0615
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1636.81070.2794.6646.8555.1503.9470.0424.9411.4
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low736.90.8143
Triple Number AP Medium537.31.1167
Triple Number AP High462.31.2980
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low1008.50.5949
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium679.20.8834
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High565.21.0615
Single Number Predominant Upwind619.10.9691
Single Number Predominant Reaching537.51.1163
Single Number Predominant Downwind578.01.0380
Predominant Upwind - Low915.60.6553
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med672.50.8923
Predominant Upwind - Medium567.11.0581
Predominant Upwind - Med/High508.41.1802
Predominant Upwind - High486.51.2333
Predominant Downwind Low891.30.6732
Predominant Downwind Low/Med636.80.9422
Predominant Downwind Medium524.91.1431
Predominant Downwind Med/High460.11.3041
Predominant Downwind High429.61.3968
Predominant Reaching Low795.30.7544
Predominant Reaching Low/Med583.91.0276
Predominant Reaching Medium492.21.2190
Predominant Reaching Med/High442.61.3555
Predominant Reaching High421.51.4235
SA/DSPL Upwind18.72SA/DSPL Downwind29.63
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1136.60.5279
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med809.40.7413
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium664.10.9035
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High576.71.0404
5-Band Windward/Leeward High538.51.1142
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1149.20.5221
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med822.90.7291
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium678.80.8839
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High593.11.0117
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High557.11.0770
5-Band AP Low815.10.7361
5-Band AP Low/Med628.30.9550
5-Band AP Medium526.91.1386
5-Band AP Med/High469.51.2781
5-Band AP High445.51.3469
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low974.70.6156
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med773.30.7759
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium638.30.9401
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High558.71.0738
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High525.41.1420
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9283
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9645
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9939
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6758
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6804
Harvest Moon Regatta457.61.3111
Club Certificate2025
BELUGATUR 1293
Turkiye
Sailing
Federation
www.tyf.org.tr/
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassPROTOTYPEMeasurementHINPlan reviewHull constructionSolidCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA16.000Max. Beam5.100Draft2.498Displacement30,500Wetted area62.44IMS L14.238LSM014.276Acc. length16.000Sink (kg/mm) 48.82
VCGD0.234VCGM0.239RM Rated (kg·m) 843.3Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight1,144Declared crew weight1,275
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeSolid 3 blades
InstallationShaft exposedTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.600PBWPIPA0.0448
PSDPHDPHL
PSAESL
ST1ST2ST3
ST4ST5
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayFixedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerNoMainsail furlerArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstaysCheckstaysSpreaders2Rotating mastNo
P17.800IG19.700ISP19.600MDT10.150MDL10.200MDT2MDL2TLMWGO
E6.000J6.850BAS1.900FSDSFJSPLWPLTPS7.500BD0.200MWTMCG
PY13.170MDT1Y0.150MDL1Y0.200MDT2YMDL2YTLYBASY1.800EY4.460BDYIY12.700EB7.000
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodRM estimatedFlotation Date05/01/2026
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
BELUGATUR 1293
Turkiye
Sailing
Federation
www.tyf.org.tr/
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment00.100.871.673.184.5555.37
MIZZEN
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment00.100.701.302.303.4030.55
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment01.192.394.8910.3019.50NoNo 98.91
ASYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLRatioAreaMeas.DateComment020.6018.9319.7712.2213.8688%206.68
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length16.0 mTable area0.77 m²Headroom1.90 mMinimum number of berths7Personal gear stowage0.28 m³Fresh water capacity350 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit7Food stowage0.42 m³Fuel capacity170 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.