Club Certificate2025
BliaNOR 11075
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Rated boat velocities in knots
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat Angles44.3°44.3°41.9°40.4°39.5°39.0°38.7°38.9°39.7°
Beat VMG2.413.354.114.675.055.225.305.345.27
52°3.815.166.156.857.277.477.557.637.62
60°4.075.466.447.097.487.687.787.887.88
75°4.235.666.657.277.657.908.088.268.35
90°4.095.596.727.417.757.958.208.588.80
110°4.115.676.867.567.998.338.598.939.22
120°3.965.486.677.457.938.328.699.329.73
135°3.484.906.107.047.658.088.489.3210.35
150°2.854.135.296.307.127.678.078.849.73
Run VMG2.473.574.595.476.256.897.418.178.88
Gybe Angles144.9°144.9°149.4°151.9°157.0°163.7°170.0°177.2°176.3°
APH ToD:550.0CDL: 9.773APH ToT: 1.0909CertNo:8079
BOAT
ClassDUFOUR 40 HRDesignerUmbertoFelciBuilderDufour YachtsAge date01/2002Series date01/2001Offset fileDUFOUR40FK.offData file8079
HULL
Length Overall12.060 mMaximum Beam3.890 mDraft2.092 mDisplacement7,618 kgDLR6.6091IMS DivisionCruiser/RacerDynamic Allowance0.290%Age Allowance0.487%
PROPELLER
InstallationStrutTypeFolding 2 bladesDiameter0.400m
CREW
Maximum weight736 kg(default)Minimum weight606 kg ✱ when appliedNon Manual PowerNoCrew Arm Extension
SAIL AREAS (m²)
MeasuredRatedMainsail40.1741.13Headsail Luffed33.5033.50Headsail FlyingSymmetric103.80103.80Asymmetric
STORM SAIL AREAS (m²)
Trysail5.81Storm Jib11.71Heavy Weather Jib31.61
SAIL LIMITS
Headsails6
✱ One set on the forestay
Spinnakers5
STABILITY
Righting MomentN/AStability IndexN/A
The owner and any other person in charge is responsible that boat is complying with her certificate in accordance with RRS 78.1 and ORC Rule 304.
Club Certificate2025
BliaNOR 11075
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Time Allowances in secs/NM
Wind Velocity 4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Beat VMG1494.61074.6875.9770.4713.1689.8679.2673.9683.0
52°944.7697.7585.0525.5495.1482.1476.6471.8472.2
60°883.6658.8558.9507.8481.4468.6462.7457.1456.7
75°851.3635.8541.1495.0470.6455.5445.6435.7431.2
90°879.9643.7536.0485.8464.4453.0439.3419.5409.0
110°875.5634.8524.9476.1450.7432.4419.0403.0390.4
120°909.0656.7539.5483.1454.1432.6414.1386.1369.8
135°1035.2735.2590.4511.5470.9445.7424.4386.4348.0
150°1264.1872.5679.9571.0505.5469.6446.1407.0370.0
Run VMG1459.81007.4785.1658.3576.2522.3486.1440.5405.3
Selected Courses
Windward / Leeward1476.21041.0830.5714.3644.6606.1582.6557.2544.1
All purpose1113.1798.4649.3570.8527.2503.3487.6467.9455.5
Single Number Scoring Options
CourseTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Windward / Leeward678.70.8841
All purpose550.01.0909
 
Custom scoring options for Australia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low723.90.8289
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium546.01.0990
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High484.11.2393
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low935.70.6412
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium673.70.8906
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High578.91.0364
Custom scoring options for Austria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance599.61.0006
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low723.90.8289
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium546.01.0990
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High484.11.2393
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low935.70.6412
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium673.70.8906
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High578.91.0364
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1566.11037.7780.1643.3562.9522.5492.6446.8434.3
Custom scoring options for Brazil
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Upwind "bolina"0.7669
Downwind "popa"0.9384
70% up, 30% down "Ilhabela"0.8114
30% up, 70% down "Ilhabela-inverso"0.8794
Custom scoring options for Bulgaria
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low723.90.8289
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium546.01.0990
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High484.11.2393
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low935.70.6412
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium673.70.8906
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High578.91.0364
Predominantly Upwind597.41.0044
Predominantly Downwind558.61.0741
Custom scoring options for Canada
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low723.90.8289
Triple Number AP Medium546.01.0989
Triple Number AP High484.11.2393
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low978.30.6133
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium673.70.8906
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High578.91.0364
Single Number Predominant Upwind623.40.9625
Single Number Predominant Reaching549.31.0923
Single Number Predominant Downwind584.81.0260
Predominant Upwind - Low881.90.6803
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med663.20.9048
Predominant Upwind - Medium575.31.0430
Predominant Upwind - Med/High533.41.1249
Predominant Upwind - High518.21.1578
Predominant Downwind Low876.10.6848
Predominant Downwind Low/Med638.50.9397
Predominant Downwind Medium536.31.1187
Predominant Downwind Med/High475.41.2620
Predominant Downwind High442.21.3570
Predominant Reaching Low780.80.7685
Predominant Reaching Low/Med586.51.0230
Predominant Reaching Medium509.21.1784
Predominant Reaching Med/High466.61.2859
Predominant Reaching High442.81.3551
SA/DSPL Upwind18.90SA/DSPL Downwind36.93
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1097.40.5467
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med793.10.7565
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium660.10.9089
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High587.51.0213
5-Band Windward/Leeward High559.31.0727
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1103.90.5435
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med803.30.7469
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium674.00.8902
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High606.60.9892
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High582.71.0296
5-Band AP Low801.20.7488
5-Band AP Low/Med625.60.9591
5-Band AP Medium537.31.1166
5-Band AP Med/High490.31.2239
5-Band AP High469.21.2788
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low943.80.6357
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med758.50.7910
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium637.70.9409
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High574.11.0451
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High548.91.0930
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9301
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9612
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9864
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6915
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6964
Harvest Moon Regatta475.11.2629
Custom scoring options for Cyprus
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance599.61.0006
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low723.90.8289
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium546.01.0990
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High484.11.2393
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low935.70.6412
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium673.70.8906
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High578.91.0364
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1566.11037.7780.1643.3562.9522.5492.6446.8434.3
Custom scoring options for Denmark
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance599.61.0006
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low723.90.8289
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium546.01.0990
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High484.11.2393
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low935.70.6412
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium673.70.8906
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High578.91.0364
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1566.11037.7780.1643.3562.9522.5492.6446.8434.3
Custom scoring options for Spain
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Coastal/Long Distance599.6
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1566.11037.7780.1643.3562.9522.5492.6446.8434.3
Custom scoring options for Estonia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low723.90.8289
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium546.01.0990
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High484.11.2393
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low935.70.6412
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium673.70.8906
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High578.91.0364
Custom scoring options for Finland
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
FinRating599.61.0006
FinRating, kevyt tuuli1077.40.9282
FinRating, kova tuuli472.21.0589
Custom scoring options for France
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low723.90.8289
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium546.01.0990
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High484.11.2393
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low935.70.6412
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium673.70.8906
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High578.91.0364
Custom scoring options for Germany
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance1.0006
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8289
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0990
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2393
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6412
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8906
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0364
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1566.11037.7780.1643.3562.9522.5492.6446.8434.3
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)620.8
Custom scoring options for Greece
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance599.61.0006
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low723.90.8289
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium546.01.0990
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High484.11.2393
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low935.70.6412
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium673.70.8906
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High578.91.0364
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1566.11037.7780.1643.3562.9522.5492.6446.8434.3
Custom scoring options for Hungary
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low723.90.8289
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium546.01.0990
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High484.11.2393
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low935.70.6412
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium673.70.8906
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High578.91.0364
Custom scoring options for Israel
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance599.61.0006
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low723.90.8289
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium546.01.0990
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High484.11.2393
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low935.70.6412
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium673.70.8906
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High578.91.0364
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1566.11037.7780.1643.3562.9522.5492.6446.8434.3
Custom scoring options for Japan
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance599.61.0006
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low723.90.8289
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium546.01.0990
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High484.11.2393
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low935.70.6412
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium673.70.8906
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High578.91.0364
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1566.11037.7780.1643.3562.9522.5492.6446.8434.3
Custom scoring options for Korea
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low723.9
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium546.0
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High484.1
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low935.7
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium673.7
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High578.9
Predominantly Upwind597.4
Predominantly Downwind558.6
Predominantly Reaching535.6
Custom scoring options for Lithuania
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance599.61.0006
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low723.90.8289
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium546.01.0990
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High484.11.2393
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low935.70.6412
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium673.70.8906
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High578.91.0364
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1566.11037.7780.1643.3562.9522.5492.6446.8434.3
Custom scoring options for Netherlands
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8289
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0990
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2393
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6412
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8906
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0364
Coastal/Long Distance1.0006
Predominantly Upwind1.0044
Predominantly Downwind1.0741
For information
General Purpose Handicap (GPH)620.8
Custom scoring options for Norway
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Distanseseilas Singeltall  (APH)1.0909
Distanseseilas Trippeltall svak vind0.8289
Distanseseilas Trippeltall mellomvind1.0990
Distanseseilas Trippeltall sterk vind1.2393
Pølsebane Trippeltall svak vind0.6412
Pølsebane Trippeltall mellomvind0.8906
Pølsebane Trippeltall sterk vind1.0364
Motvind Singeltall1.0044
Medvind Singeltall1.0741
Custom scoring options for Portugal
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low723.90.8289
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium546.01.0990
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High484.11.2393
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low935.70.6412
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium673.70.8906
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High578.91.0364
Coastal/Long Distance599.61.0006
Custom scoring options for Russia
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Predominantly Upwind597.41.0044
Predominantly Downwind558.61.0741
Custom scoring options for South Africa
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Cape Doctor Inshore548.01.0948
Cape Doctor Coastal459.31.3065
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low723.90.8289
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium546.01.0990
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High484.11.2393
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low935.70.6412
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium673.70.8906
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High578.91.0364
Custom scoring options for Slovenia
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8289
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0990
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2393
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6412
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8906
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0364
Custom scoring options for Switzerland
Scoring OptionTime On
Time
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low0.8289
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium1.0990
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High1.2393
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low0.6412
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium0.8906
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High1.0364
Custom scoring options for Sweden
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance599.61.0006
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low723.90.8289
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium546.01.0990
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High484.11.2393
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low935.70.6412
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium673.70.8906
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High578.91.0364
Predominantly Upwind597.41.0044
Predominantly Downwind558.61.0741
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1566.11037.7780.1643.3562.9522.5492.6446.8434.3
Custom scoring options for Ukraine
Scoring OptionTime On
Distance
Time On
Time
Coastal/Long Distance599.61.0006
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Low723.90.8289
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance Medium546.01.0990
Triple Number Coastal/Long Distance High484.11.2393
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low935.70.6412
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium673.70.8906
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High578.91.0364
Performance Curve4 kt 6 kt 8 kt 10 kt 12 kt 14 kt 16 kt 20 kt 24 kt
Coastal/Long Distance1566.11037.7780.1643.3562.9522.5492.6446.8434.3
Custom scoring options for United States of America
Scoring OptionTODTOT
Triple Number AP Low723.90.8289
Triple Number AP Medium546.01.0989
Triple Number AP High484.11.2393
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Low978.30.6133
Triple Number Windward/Leeward Medium673.70.8906
Triple Number Windward/Leeward High578.91.0364
Single Number Predominant Upwind623.40.9625
Single Number Predominant Reaching549.31.0923
Single Number Predominant Downwind584.81.0260
Predominant Upwind - Low881.90.6803
Predominant Upwind - Low/Med663.20.9048
Predominant Upwind - Medium575.31.0430
Predominant Upwind - Med/High533.41.1249
Predominant Upwind - High518.21.1578
Predominant Downwind Low876.10.6848
Predominant Downwind Low/Med638.50.9397
Predominant Downwind Medium536.31.1187
Predominant Downwind Med/High475.41.2620
Predominant Downwind High442.21.3570
Predominant Reaching Low780.80.7685
Predominant Reaching Low/Med586.51.0230
Predominant Reaching Medium509.21.1784
Predominant Reaching Med/High466.61.2859
Predominant Reaching High442.81.3551
SA/DSPL Upwind18.90SA/DSPL Downwind36.93
Scoring OptionTODTOT
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low1097.40.5467
5-Band Windward/Leeward Low/Med793.10.7565
5-Band Windward/Leeward Medium660.10.9089
5-Band Windward/Leeward Med/High587.51.0213
5-Band Windward/Leeward High559.31.0727
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low1103.90.5435
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Low/Med803.30.7469
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Medium674.00.8902
Windward/Leeward 60-40 Med/High606.60.9892
Windward/Leeward 60-40 High582.71.0296
5-Band AP Low801.20.7488
5-Band AP Low/Med625.60.9591
5-Band AP Medium537.31.1166
5-Band AP Med/High490.31.2239
5-Band AP High469.21.2788
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low943.80.6357
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Low/Med758.50.7910
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Medium637.70.9409
5-Band SF Bay Tour - Med/High574.11.0451
5-Band SF Bay Tour - High548.91.0930
Chicago-Mac Upwind0.9301
Chicago-Mac All Purpose0.9612
Chicago-Mac Downwind0.9864
Bayview-Mac Cove Island0.6915
Bayview-Mac Shore0.6964
Harvest Moon Regatta475.11.2629
Club Certificate2025
BliaNOR 11075
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
Data in meters/kilograms (Metric)
HULL AND APPENDAGES (Lightship Trim)
ClassDUFOUR 40 HRMeasurementHINPlan reviewHull constructionCoredCarbon rudderNoLight stanchionsNoTrim tabNo
LOA12.060Max. Beam3.890Draft2.092Displacement7,618Wetted area30.45IMS L10.775LSM010.484Acc. length12.060Sink (kg/mm) 23.23
VCGD0.175VCGM0.182RM Rated (kg·m) 173.2Limit of positive stability(°) N/AStability IndexN/ADefault crew weight736Declared crew weightN/A
PROPELLER
Propeller TypeFolding 2 blades
InstallationStrutTwin screwNoHydro generatorNo
PRD0.400PBWPIPA0.0039
EDL2.730ST10.065ST20.180
ST30.180ST40.110ST50.300
RIG
Forestay tensionAftInner stayNone FittedMast materialAluminumSingle headsail furlerYesMainsail furlerArticulated bowspritNoNon-circular riggingNoFiber riggingNoAdjustable mast footNoRunning backstays0CheckstaysSpreaders3Rotating mastNo
P14.750IG15.300ISP15.300MDT10.122MDL10.227MDT20.000MDL20.000TLTaperMW0.000GO0.000
E2.250J4.190BAS1.821FSDFoilSFJ0.000SPL4.355WPLTPS0.000BD0.000MWT0.00MCG0.000
Flying Headsail Foretriangles IdISPTPS
FLOTATION AND STABILITY
Calculation methodVCG entered directlyVCG entered0.175Flotation Date01/01/2015
BALLAST
TANKS
INVENTORY
INVENTORY
Fixed Ballast Total0
Total deductible
Total deductible
Club Certificate2025
BliaNOR 11075
Norges Seilforbund
Sognsveien 73
0854 OSLO
MAINSAIL
IdMHBMUWMTWMHWMQWAreaMeas.DateComment625-2024053006180.161.061.933.364.3940.1730/05/2024
HEADSAIL
IdHHBHUWHTWHHWHQWHLPHLUBtnFlyingFTAreaMeas.DateComment306-2025042507140.050.731.302.303.324.3414.73YesNo 33.5025/04/2025Rullefokk 2025 Spirit
SYMMETRIC SPINNAKER
IdSLUSLESLSHWSFLAreaMeas.DateComment441-20120709152515.2515.2515.258.250.00103.8009/07/2012307-20060502183215.0015.0015.000.000.0097.9902/05/2006Gammel spinnaker fra Kjappfot mindere en max mål.
CRUISER/RACER REQUIREMENTS*
Accommodation length12.1 mTable area0.55 m²Headroom1.81 mMinimum number of berths5Personal gear stowage0.20 m³Fresh water capacity152 lMinimum number of seats in cockpit5Food stowage0.30 m³Fuel capacity92 lCabin soleStovesSinksGalley gear stowageToiletWash basinNavigation areaHanging locker
*This list is a summary of the requirements. See IMS Appendix 1 for details.